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OBJECTIVE--To examine whether the patterns of insulin concentration during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) predict type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We followed 400 nondiabetic Japanese Americans for 10-11 [...]

OBJECTIVE--It has been reported that moderate alcohol consumption decreased the risk of type 2 diabetes but that elevated liver enzymes increased it. The comparative importance of alcohol consumption and liver [...]

OBJECTIVE--Visceral adiposity is generally considered to play a key role in the metabolic syndrome. We sought to determine whether greater visceral adiposity directly measured by computed tomography (CT) is associated with increased future insulin resistance independent of other adipose depots. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We followed 306 nondiabetic Japanese Americans over 10-11 years. Baseline variables included BMI; waist circumference; and abdominal, thoracic, and thigh fat areas measured by CT. Total fat area was estimated by the sum of all of these fat areas. Visceral adiposity was measured as intra-abdominal fat area at the umbilicus level. Total subcutaneous fat area was defined as total fat area minus intra-abdominal fat area. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting plasma insulin level, Matsuda index, and area under the oral glucose tolerance test curve (AUC) of insulin. RESULTS--Both baseline intra-abdominal fat area (P = 0.002) and HOMA-IR (P < 0.001) were independently associated with increased HOMA-IR at 10-11 years in a multiple linear regression model after adjustment for abdominal subcutaneous fat area, age, sex, 2-h plasma glucose level, and incremental insulin response. Intra-abdominal fat area remained a significant predictor of increased HOMA-IR at 10-11 years even after adjustment for total subcutaneous fat area, total fat area, BMI, or waist circumference, but no other measure of CT-measured regional or total adiposity was significantly related with HOMA-IR at 10-11 years in models that contained intra-abdominal fat area. Similar results were obtained for predicting future fasting plasma insulin level, Matsuda index, and AUC of insulin. CONCLUSIONS--Greater visceral adiposity is associated with an increase in future insulin resistance. Diabetes 57:1269-1275, 2008, Although the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and each of its components is complex and not fully understood, both insulin resistance and central adipose tissue appear to be important. Moreover, [...]

OBJECTIVE--Japanese American is an ethnic group with a high risk for type 2 diabetes, which is linked to the metabolic syndrome. Central adiposity is considered to play a key role [...]

Background: Visceral adiposity is generally considered to play a key role in the metabolic syndrome. Objective: To examine the relationship between directly measured visceral adiposity and the risk for incident hypertension, independent of other adipose depots and fasting plasma insulin levels. Design: Community-based prospective cohort study with 10-to 11-year follow-up. Setting: King County, Washington. Participants: 300 Japanese Americans with a systolic blood pressure less than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg who were not taking antihypertensive medications, oral hypoglycemic medications, or insulin at study entry. Measurements: Abdominal, thoracic, and thigh fat areas were measured by using computed tomography. Total subcutaneous fat area was calculated as the sum of these fat areas excluding the intra-abdominal fat area. Hypertension during follow-up was defined as having a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or greater, having a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking antihypertensive medications. Results: There were 92 incident cases of hypertension during the follow-up period. The intra-abdominal fat area was associated with an increased risk for hypertension. Multiple-adjusted odds ratios of hypertension for quartiles of intra-abdominal fat area (1 = lowest; 4 = highest) were 5.07 (95% Cl, 1.75 to 14.73) for quartile 3 and 3.48 (Cl, 1.01 to 11.99) for quartile 4 compared with quartile 1 after adjustment for age, sex, fasting plasma insulin level, 2-hour plasma glucose level, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and energy expenditure through exercise (P = 0.003 for quadratic trend). The intra-abdominal fat area remained a significant risk factor for hypertension, even after adjustment for total subcutaneous fat area, abdominal subcutaneous fat area, or waist circumference; however, no measure of these fat areas was associated with risk for hypertension in models that contained the intra-abdominal fat area. Limitations: It is not known whether these results pertain to other ethnic groups. Conclusions: Greater visceral adiposity increases the risk for hypertension in Japanese Americans.

OBJECTIVE -- Greater visceral adiposity, higher insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Whether visceral adiposity increases risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) independent [...]

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the relationship between daily alcohol consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes in a large Japanese cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We enrolled 6,362 Japanese men aged 35-61 [...]

OBJECTIVE--We prospectively assessed whether the combined measurements of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and AIC were effective for predicting type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Study participants included 6,736 nondiabetic Japanese [...]

OBJECTIVE--Because skeletal muscle is one of the target tissues for insulin, skeletal muscle mass might be associated with type 2 diabetes. Serum creatinine is a possible surrogate marker of skeletal [...]

Previous epidemiological studies have shown that vigorous physical activity reduces the development of type 2 diabetes (1-3). A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that individuals [...]

The Osaka Health Survey OBJECTIVE -- To investigate the relationship between high normal blood pressure or hypertension and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a large Japanese cohort. [...]

Recently moderate alcohol consumption among healthy people is reported to be associated with increased insulin sensitivity and a decreased plasma level of fasting insulin. Previous epidemiological findings on the association [...]