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In 2005, countries in WHO Western Pacific Region, including China, resolved to eliminate measles by 2012 or as soon as feasible thereafter. (1) As of 2018, 9 (2) of the [...]

Objective To analyse the epidemiology of measles in China and determine the progress made towards the national elimination of the disease. Methods We analysed measles surveillance data--on the age, sex, residence and vaccination status of each case and the corresponding outcome, dates of onset and report and laboratory results--collected between January 2005 and October 2013. Findings Between 2005 and October 2013, 596 391 measles cases and 368 measles-related deaths were reported in China. Annual incidence, in cases per 100000 population, decreased from 9.95 in 2008 to 0.46 in 2012 but then rose to more than 1.96 in 2013. The number of provinces that reported an annual incidence of less than one case per million population increased from one in 2009 to 15 in 2012 but fell back to one in 2013. Median case age decreased from 83 months in 2005 to 14 months in 2012 and 11 months in January to October 2013. Between 2008 and 2012, the incidence of measles in all age groups, including those not targeted for vaccination, decreased by at least 93.6%. However, resurgence started in late 2012 and continued into 2013. Of the cases reported in January to October 2013, 40% were aged 8 months to 6 years. Conclusion Although there is evidence of progress towards the elimination of measles from China, resurgence in 2013 indicated that many children were still not being vaccinated on time. Routine immunization must be strengthened and the remaining immunity gaps need to be identified and filled. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] Objectif Analyser repidemiologie de la rougeole en Chine et determiner les progres realises sur la vole de l'elimination nationale de la maladie. Methodes Nous avons analyse les donnees de surveillance de la rougeole--concernant l'age, le sexe, le lieu de residence et le statut vaccinal de chaque cas et les resultats correspondants, les dates de l'apparition et de slgnalement de la maladie, et les resultats de laboratoire --collectees entre janvler 2005 et octobre 2013 Resultats Entre 2005 et octobre 2013, 596 391 cas de rougeole et 368 deces lies a la rougeole ont ete signales en Chine. L'incidence annuelle exprimee en cas pour 100 000 habitants a diminue de 9,95 en 2008 a 0,46 en 2012, mais a ensuite augmente a plus de 1,96 en 2013. Le nombre de provinces ayantsignale une Incidence annuelle inferieure a un cas pour un million d'habitants a augmente de 1 en 2009 a 15 en 2012, mais est retombe a 1 en 2013. L'age median des cas a diminue de 83 moisen 2005 a 14 moisen 2012 et a 11 mois pendant la periode allant de janvier a octobre 2013. Entre 2008 et 2012, l'incidence de la rougeole dans tous les groupes d'age, y compris ceux qul ne sont pas cibles pour la vaccination, a diminue d'au moins 93,6%. Cependant, la resurgence a commence a la fin de l'annee 2012 et s'est poursuivie en 2013. Parmi les cas signales de janvier a octobre 2013, 40% etaient ages de 8 mois a 6 ans. Conclusion Bien qu'il y ait des preuves de progres vers l'objectif d'elimination de la rougeole en Chine, la resurgence de 2013 indique que de nombreux enfants netaient toujours pas vaccines a temps. La vaccination de routine doit etre renforcee et les lacunes immunitaires restantes doivent etre identifiees et comblees. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] Objetivo Analizar la epidemiologia del sarampion en China y determinar el progreso hecho hacia la erradicacion nacional de la enfermedad. Metodos Hemos analizado los datos de vigilancia del sarampion recogidos entre enero de 2005 y octubre de 2013 en base a la edad, el sexo, la residencia y el estado de vacunacion de cada caso y el resultado correspondiente, las fechas de inicio de la enfermedad y de su comunicacion, y los resultados de laboratorio. Resultados Entre 2005 y octubre de 2013, se registraron 596 391 casos de sarampion y 368 muertes relacionadas con el sarampion en China. La incidencia anual, en casos por 100 000 habitantes, descendio del 9,95 en 2008 al 0,46 en 2012, pero volvio a aumentar en el 2013 hasta mas del 1,96. El numero de provincias que informo acerca de una incidencia anual de menos de un caso por millon de habitantes aumento de una en 2009 a 15 en 2012, pero volvio a caer a una en 2013. La edad media de los casos disminuyo de 83 a 14 meses en 2012, y a 11 meses de enero a octubre de 2013. Entre 2008 y 2012, la Incidencia del sarampion en todos los grupos de edad, incluidos los que no estaban incluidos en la vacunacion, se redujo en al menos un 93,6 %. Sin embargo, un resurgimiento comenzo a finales de 2012 y continuo en 2013. De los casos comunicados de enero a octubre de 2013, el 40 % tenia entre 8 meses y 6 anos. Conclusion Aunque hay pruebas de los progresos hacia la erradicacion del sarampion en China, el resurgimiento en el ano 2013 mostro que todavia hay muchos ninos que no reciben la vacuna a tiempo. Es necesario reforzar la vacunacion sistematica e identificar y completar las lagunas restantes en la inmunizacion., Introduction Measles is a highly infectious disease that causes enormous morbidity and mortality among children in many parts of the world. For example, it has been estimated that measles and [...]

Background Industrialization and demographic transition generate nonstationary dynamics in human populations that can affect the transmission and persistence of infectious diseases. Decades of increasing vaccination and development have led to dramatic declines in the global burden of measles, but the virus remains persistent in much of the world. Here we show that a combination of demographic transition, as a result of declining birth rates, and reduced measles prevalence, due to improved vaccination, has shifted the age distribution of susceptibility to measles throughout China. Methods and findings We fit a novel time-varying catalytic model to three decades of age-specific measles case reporting in six provinces in China to quantify the change in the age-specific force of infection for measles virus over time. We further quantified the impact of supplemental vaccination campaigns on the reduction of susceptible individuals. The force of infection of measles has declined dramatically (90%-97% reduction in transmission rate) in three industrialized eastern provinces during the last decade, driving a concomitant increase in both the relative proportion and absolute number of adult cases, while three central and western provinces exhibited dynamics consistent with endemic persistence (24%-73% reduction in transmission rate). The reduction in susceptible individuals due to supplemental vaccination campaigns is frequently below the nominal campaign coverage, likely because campaigns necessarily vaccinate those who may already be immune. The impact of these campaigns has significantly improved over time: campaigns prior to 2005 were estimated to have achieved less than 50% reductions in the proportion susceptible in the target age classes, but campaigns from 2005 onwards reduced the susceptible proportion by 32%-87%. A limitation of this study is that it relies on case surveillance, and thus inference may be biased by age-specific variation in measles reporting. Conclusions The age distribution of measles cases changes in response to both demographic and vaccination processes. Combining both processes in a novel catalytic model, we illustrate that age-specific incidence patterns reveal regional differences in the progress to measles elimination and the impact of vaccination controls in China. The shift in the age distribution of measles susceptibility in response to demographic and vaccination processes emphasizes the importance of progressive control strategies and measures to evaluate program success that anticipate and react to this transition in observed incidence., Author(s): Sheng Li 1, Chao Ma 2, Lixin Hao 2, Qiru Su 2, Zhijie An 2, Fubao Ma 3, Shuyun Xie 4, Aiqiang Xu 5, Yanyang Zhang 6, Zhengrong Ding [...]