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The transfer of glucose, which is induced by the influence of insulin, is determined by analyzing animal models such as the rat. The effects of exercise on the animal and the muscle contraction caused by exercise on the transfer of cellular glucose are not evident. The augmentation of the Vmax varies with the size of the rats. The muscles in obese rats exhibit an unsuccessful total transporter translocation, resulting in a fall in the response.

The determination of the relative abundance and subcellular distribution of the GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 glucose transformer isoforms in basal and insulin-stimulated adipose cells from wheel cage exercise-trained rats enables the comparison with both age matched sedentary controls and young cell size matched sedentary controls. The translocation of GLUT-4 to the plasma membrane from an intracellular pool causes the increased rate of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipose cells from exercise trained rats.