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This paper examines the manner in which national antitrust agencies within the European Union ("EU") and within the United States ("US") coordinate antitrust enforcement in their respective territories, and also [...]

The shock tube experimental studies of the reaction between CH and [N.sub.2] which was conducted by employing CH and NCN laser absorption is presented. The rate coefficient was measured in the 1943-3543 K temperature range and the branching ratio was observed to be between 2228 and 2905 K.

The extent data for the reaction of Cl atoms with N[O.sub.2] was examined and compared with calculated values using RRKM/ME methods. It was seen that effects due to accurate values of heats of formation, probability distribution and amounts of energy transferred, the interaction of rotation and vibration, and anharmonically all play a significant role in the reaction.

Sensitive, narrow-line-width laser absorption diagnostics for CH and OH were used to perform measurements in the methyl radical decomposition system. The results have shown no discernible dependence on pressure in the rate coefficients of either pathway in the studied pressure and temperature ranges.

Data shows that although the majority of children do outgrow the allergy to insect stings, a systemic allergic reaction still occurred in almost one child in five who was stung up to 32 years after the original reaction. Allergic reactions to insect stings in 1033 children were diagnosed. Venom immunotherapy in children leads to a significantly lower risk of systemic reaction to stings even 10 to 20 years after treatment is stopped.

Effectiveness of Say It Straight communication training as a treatment component was evaluated with 36 mothers in residential chemical dependency treatment. All were indigent, 32 had previous criminal offenses and 14 were on probation or parole at the time of treatment. Self-reported, disempowering behaviors showed highly significant decreases after SIS training (p < 0.001). Empowering behaviors, quality of family and group life showed significant increases (p = 0.001, p = 0.008, p = 0.015, respectively). Self-esteem, assessed with one group of eight mothers, showed a highly significant increase after training (p = 0.009). Statistically significant differences between mothers in treatment an average of 40 days compared to those in treatment 141 days prior to training disappeared after 10-16 hours of training, although the latter group also showed positive changes. Reports regarding training effectiveness were very positive. Results indicate this training is an important addition to treatment and may have implication for shortened treatment time, increased treatment retention and reduction in relapse/recidivism. KEYWORDS Chemical dependency, treatment, criminal justice, mothers, women

The use of quantum chemical methods to determine rate constants for some H-atom metathesis reactions using transition state theory and tunneling corrections is explored. It is found that the magnitude of the imaginary frequencies calculated with the B3LYP method is often too large compared to that obtained from the curvature of the IRC surface.

A reinvestigation of data and theoretical computations for the reaction of OH + NO2 + M is presentd. It is concluded that both HONO2 (nitric acid) and HOONO (pernitrous acid) can be formed.

Knudsen cell reactor measurements of heterogeneous reactions on the surfaces of sulfuric acid reveal that the rapid heterogeneous transformation of N2O5 to HNO3 influences the nitrogen species partitioning in the global stratosphere, resulting in ozone depletion. The low solubility of HNO3 indicates that HNO3 enters gas phase and does not cause denitrification in the global stratosphere. HCl is present in low levels in the sulfuric acid and is not involved in the depletion process.

The effectiveness of dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC), sulfur dioxide and sodium benzoate for getting rid of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh apple cider was investigated. Findings showed that the application of DMDC in cider stored at 4 deg C decreased the survival rate of E. coli as compared with its survival in unpreserved cider or cider preserved with NaS or sodium benzoate. Thus, DMDC may be employed as an alternative chemical treatment for control of E. coli O157:H7 for cider processors.

A study was conducted to investigate the fate of Yersinia enterocolitica during the fermentation and storage of yogurt determined by various starter culture types. Samples for enumeration of Y. enterocolitica were determined from milk preparation after inoculation. Results indicated an increase in Y. enterocolitical populations in the first few hours of fermentation before decreasing after 72 and 96 hours.

Several master equation (ME)/ RRKM calculations are conducted to study the combination reaction, BrO + [NO.sub.2] - BrO[NO.sub.2] and several other atmospheric models. The system was found to be unaffected by the changes taking place in the moments if inertia in its transition state.

The treatment of the title reaction using a Master Equation/RRKM approach is described. The true anharmonicity corrections that include stretch-bend interactions as well as effects due to averaging rotational contributions might combine to lower the pressure dependent rate coefficients value by 10 kJ [mol.sup.-1].

A study was conducted to evaluate the inactivation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella in apple cider and orange juice treated with ozone in combination with antimicrobials. The result showed that combining ozone and antimicrobial treatment followed by refrigerated storage for 24 h could be used to achieve a 5-log CFU/mL reduction of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella in apple cider and orange juices.

In order to model the data between 220 and 430 K in both He and N2, new ab initio quantum chemical results for cis-cis- and trans-perp-HOONO at the QCISD(T)/cc-pVDZ level are used with the multiple-well, multiple-channel master equation approach. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data over the entire ranges of temperature and pressure.

The treatment of pressure-dependent reactions accounts for the effects of energy transfer, angular momentum, and details of the potential energy surface. Efforts are being made to improve master equation methods and to use them in informing development of practical approximations.

The product branching ratio of NH2 + NO (rarr) NNH + OH and NH2 + NO (rarr) N2 + H2O determined in a shock tube study is presented. The NH2 profiles are found to be mainly sensitive to the branching ratio under the test conditions and show minor sensitivity to secondary reactions.

The decomposition rate of benzylamine (C6H5NH2) and the heat of formation of the benzyl radical (C6H5CH2) were determined in shock tube experiments combined with RRKM calculations. The NH2 mole fraction was measured using frequency-modulation absorption spectroscopy behind reflected shock waves to obtain the decomposition rate of benzylamine.

A study was conducted, by using the field emission microscopy and current-voltage measurements, to investigate the field emission characteristics of iridium and thermally prepared iridium oxide field emitters. The result reveals that, upon oxidation, the voltage required to achieve the desired emission current desire dropped significantly.

The prevalence of insect sting reaction and of vernom sensitization in adults is unknown. We report the results of intake evaluation of a stratified random sample of a large adult population previously studied for the determinants of atopic disease. In 269 subjects, the prevalence of systemic allergic sting reactions was 3.3% and 26.5% had IgE antibodies to venom demonstrated by skin test or radioallergosorbent test. Asymptomatic sensitization (positive venom skin test) was observed in 15% of subjects with no history of an allergic sting reaction. Positive venom skin tests were more frequent in men, in those with positive skin tests to inhalant allergens, and in subjects aged 20 through 29 years. A positive venom skin test or radioallergosorbeht test was more frequent in subjects who had been stung within the previous 3 years (35%) than in those stung more than 3 years before (20%). We conclude that both systemic allergic reactions to insect stings and asymptomatic sensitivity to venom are common and that most affected persons never seek medical advice. The significance of asymptomatic venom sensitization is unknown.

Antarctic Ozone Depletion Chemistry: Reactions of N.sub.2.O.sub.5 with H.sub.2.O and HCl on Ice Surfaces CHEMICAL THEORIES FOR ANTARCTIC ozone depletion generally rely on catalytic ozone destruction cycles promoted by active [...]

Reaction of Chlorine Nitrate with Hydrogen Chloride and Water at Antarctic Stratospheric Temperatures SEVERAL MECHANISMS HAVE BEEN proposed to explain the dramatic reduction of ozone levels observed in the spring [...]

Sidney W. Benson is noted for his contributions in the field of physical chemistry from 1946 to 1964. He devoted much of his life to energy-related problems. He graduated with honors in Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics in 1938 from Columbia College. After six months of teaching he was hired by the University of Southern California where he worked until 1963. In 1976, he returned to the university and remains active in an emeritus role.