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Quantum information science has the potential to revolutionize modern technology by providing resource-efficient approaches to computing.sup.1, communication.sup.2 and sensing.sup.3. Although the physical qubits in a realistic quantum device will inevitably suffer errors, quantum error correction creates a path to fault-tolerant quantum information processing.sup.4. Quantum error correction, however, requires that individual qubits can interact with many other qubits in the processor. Engineering such high connectivity can pose a challenge for platforms such as electron spin qubits.sup.5, which naturally favour linear arrays. Here we present an experimental demonstration of the transmission of electron spin states via the Heisenberg exchange interaction in an array of spin qubits. Heisenberg exchange coupling--a direct manifestation of the Pauli exclusion principle, which prevents any two electrons with the same spin state from occupying the same orbital--tends to swap the spin states of neighbouring electrons. By precisely controlling the wavefunction overlap between electrons in a semiconductor quadruple quantum dot array, we generate a series of coherent SWAP operations to transfer both single-spin and entangled states back and forth in the array without moving any electrons. Because the process is scalable to large numbers of qubits, state transfer through Heisenberg exchange will be useful for multi-qubit gates and error correction in spin-based quantum computers. Transmission of single-spin and entangled quantum states without the physical displacement of electrons is demonstrated in a quadruple quantum dot array using the Heisenberg exchange interaction and coherent SWAP gates., Author(s): Yadav P. Kandel [sup.1] , Haifeng Qiao [sup.1] , Saeed Fallahi [sup.2] [sup.3] , Geoffrey C. Gardner [sup.3] [sup.4] , Michael J. Manfra [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.4] [sup.5] , John [...]

Genetic mapping of x-linked cone and cone-rod dystrophies (XLCOD) which is a heterogeneous group of progressive disorders that primarily affect cone photoreceptors to Xq26.1-qter is reported. The mutations observed in the long-wavelength-sensitive/medium-wavelength-sensitive (LW/MW) cone opsin gene array could lead to a spectrum of disease, ranging from color blindness to progressive cone dystrophy (XLCOD5).

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2008.00250.x Byline: DEAN M. BUSBY (*), BRANDT C. GARDNER ([dagger]) Keywords: Partner ratings; Measurement; Empathy Abstract: In this article we describe some of the benefits and challenges of using self ratings and ratings of the partner to measure empathy and similar terms in couple research. If both members of the dyad are assessed, there will be four measures of the same variable. How to use these 4 measures in research and clinical work is a central question in this paper. We demonstrate 3 different latent models that can be used to analyze these ratings based on different theoretical premises. Using empathy as the independent variable with a longitudinal sample of 275 couples, structural equation models are used to evaluate the strength of these models in predicting relationship satisfaction. The findings indicate that the model that is consistent with the social constructionist perspective that focuses on the perceptions within the same person is a good fit to the data. Other models that compare ratings between members of the dyad do not fit the data well. The results demonstrate that perceptions of empathy do have a significant influence on relationship satisfaction across time, especially for females. However, it is largely males' perceptions of empathy of the self and the partner that influence relationship satisfaction for females. Author Affiliation: (*)School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT ([dagger])Human Development and Family Science Department, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma City, OK. Article note: Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Dean M. Busby, School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2086-C JFSB, Provo, UT 84602. E-mail: dean_busby@byu.edu

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is extremely common across the lifespan and is an established risk factor for dementia. The cognitive profile of the large and growing population of older adults with prior TBI who do not have a diagnosis of dementia, however, has not been well described. Our aim was to describe the cognitive profile associated with prior TBI exposure among community-dwelling older adults without dementia-an understudied but potentially vulnerable population. Methods and findings In this population-based cohort study, we studied 984 community-dwelling older adults (age 51 y and older and their spouses) without dementia who had been randomly selected from respondents to the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study to participate in a comprehensive TBI survey and who either reported no prior TBI (n = 737) or prior symptomatic TBI resulting in treatment in a hospital (n = 247). Mean time since first TBI was 38 ± 19 y. Outcomes assessed included measures of global cognitive function, verbal episodic memory, semantic fluency, and calculation as well as a measure of subjective memory ('How would you rate your memory at the present time?'). We compared outcomes between the two TBI groups using regression models adjusting for demographics, medical comorbidities, and depression. Sensitivity analyses were performed stratified by TBI severity (no TBI, TBI without loss of consciousness [LOC], and TBI with LOC). Respondents with TBI were younger (mean age 64 ± 10 y versus 68 ± 11 y), were less likely to be female, and had higher prevalence of medical comorbidities and depression than respondents without TBI. Respondents with TBI did not perform significantly differently from respondents without TBI on any measure of objective cognitive function in either raw or adjusted models (fully adjusted: global cognitive function score 15.4 versus 15.2, p = 0.68; verbal episodic memory score 4.4 versus 4.3, p = 0.79; semantic fluency score 15.7 versus 14.0, p = 0.21; calculation impairment 22% versus 26%, risk ratio [RR] [95% CI] = 0.86 [0.67-1.11], p = 0.24). Sensitivity analyses stratified by TBI severity produced similar results. TBI was associated with significantly increased risk for subjective memory impairment in models adjusted for demographics and medical comorbidities (29% versus 24%; RR [95% CI]: 1.26 [1.02-1.57], p = 0.036). After further adjustment for active depression, however, risk for subjective memory impairment was no longer significant (RR [95% CI]: 1.18 [0.95-1.47], p = 0.13). Sensitivity analyses revealed that risk of subjective memory impairment was increased only among respondents with TBI with LOC and not among those with TBI without LOC. Furthermore, the risk of subjective memory impairment was significantly greater among those with TBI with LOC versus those without TBI even after adjustment for depression (RR [95% CI]: partially adjusted, 1.38 [1.09-1.74], p = 0.008; fully adjusted, 1.28 [1.01-1.61], p = 0.039). Conclusions In this population-based study of community-dwelling older adults without dementia, those with prior TBI with LOC were more likely to report subjective memory impairment compared to those without TBI even after adjustment for demographics, medical comorbidities, and active depression. Lack of greater objective cognitive impairment among those with versus without TBI may be due to poor sensitivity of the cognitive battery or survival bias, or may suggest that post-TBI cognitive impairment primarily affects executive function and processing speed, which were not rigorously assessed in this study. Our findings show that among community-dwelling non-demented older adults, history of TBI is common but may not preferentially impact cognitive domains of episodic memory, attention, working memory, verbal semantic fluency, or calculation., Author(s): Raquel C. Gardner 1,2,*, Kenneth M. Langa 3,4,5,6,7, Kristine Yaffe 1,2,8,9 Introduction An estimated 2.5 million people in the US seek hospital-based care for traumatic brain injury (TBI) annually [...]

The synthesis of CpMo[([S.sub.2][C.sub.2][Ph.sub.2]).sub.2] by dithiolene transfer, together with reactions leading to a family of di- and trinuclear heterometallic dithiolene complexes derived from it, are described. The results have shown that one of the Cp ligands of nickelocene can be readily displaced by the bis(dithiolene) complex to give heterobimetallic dithiolene-bridged compound, whereas the removal of the second ring to give Ni[[Mo[([S.sub.2][C.sub.2][Ph.sub.2]).sub.2]Cp].sub.2 is a much slower process.

This study investigates the utility of the family of origin parachute model in predicting longitudinal outcomes for couples in romantic relationships. This conceptual model contains common family variables that are theoretically and empirically related to later adult functioning and are believed to influence attitudes that adult children develop regarding romantic relationships as well as self-esteem. Data from two samples were used to analyze this model. The results support the model and demonstrate its ability to predict membership in relationship satisfaction groups. Suggestions are presented for integrating the family of origin in applied work. Key Words: attitudes, family of origin, marriage, parents, relationships.

We revised distribution maps of potential presettlement habitat and current populations for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and Gunnison Sage-Grouse (C. minimus) in North America. The revised map of potential presettlement habitat included some areas omitted from previously published maps such as the San Luis Valley of Colorado and Jackson area of Wyoming. Area excluded from the revised maps were those dominated by barren, alpine, and forest habitats. The resulting presettlement distribution of potential habitat for Greater Sage-Grouse encompassed 1 200 483 [km.sup.2], with the species' current range 668 412 [km.sup.2]. The distribution of potential Gunnison Sage-Grouse habitat encompassed 46 521 [km.sup.2], with the current range 4787 [km.sup.2]. The dramatic differences between the potential presettlement and current distributions appear related to habitat alteration and degradation, including the adverse effects of cultivation, fragmentation, reduction of sagebrush and native herbaceous cover, development, introduction and expansion of invasive plant species, encroachment by trees, and issues related to livestock grazing. Key words: Centrocercus minimus, Centrocercus urophasianus, distribution, Greater Sage-Grouse, Gunnison Sage-Grouse, habitat change.

Spirituality and spiritual practices loom large as predictors of individual and relationship outcomes (Richards & Bergin, 1997). For religious couples, Deity's influence in their marriage is often invoked and experienced through prayer, and Deity may more regularly and significantly influence religious couples' interaction than anyone else, including family members (Butler & Harper, 1994). As a preliminary test of this hypothesis, a geographically diverse sample of religious spouses (n = 217) completed a 102-item Likert-scaled questionnaire assessing their pbenomenological experience of prayer during marital conflict. Participant spouses noted relationship softening, healing (neutral/self-change) perspective, and perception or experience of change responsibility as significant effects associated with their prayer experience. Issues surrounding clinical use of prayer as a conflict resolution tactic for religious couples are considered.

Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type III (ADCA III), a fairly benign, slowly progressive, late-onset, neurological disorder, has been shown to be linked in a large British family to a 7.6-cM region on chromosome 15q14-21.3. The results of a genomewide seach show that there are two additional ADCA III loci and define the genetic heterogeneity of the disorder more clearly.

Benvenuto Cellini's Vita has been interpreted as the isolated self-portrait of a fiercely independent and somewhat unstable Renaissance artist since its publication in the eighteenth century. Cellini's deceptively conversational and casual narrative voice has contributed to this impression. The Vita is, however, far from artless. Cellini's style masks his carefully calculated self-presentation, which was based on the authoritative precedent of Giorgio Vasari's contemporary Lives of the Artists. Following Vasari's evolutionary model of artistic development, Cellini crafted his autobiography to position himself as the ultimate artist in this tradition. This article examines the Vita both as Cellini's quest for personal immortality and as an agent in the changing role of the artist in Renaissance society.

The sup-pf-2 mutations of Chlamydomonas alter outer dynein arm activity by modification of the gamma-dynein heavy chain (DHC) subunit. Examination of the sup-pf-2 strain for possible defects in inner arm components revealed that the defects are associated with the outer dynein arms. Moreover, the sup-pf-2 mutations are alleles of the PF28/ODA2 locus, which is believed to encode the outer arm gamma-DHC.

Managing a CPA firm has become increasingly complex over the past ten to twenty years due to increased environmental pressures, including greater competition for clients, staffing cost pressures, greater litigation, [...]

The Phormium yellow leaf phytoplasma contains two copies of the 16S rRNA gene that show sequence heterogeneity in four nucleotides. The restriction enzymes, BpmI and BsrI, can differentiate the sequence heterogeneity. The sequence similarity level between the two 16S rRNA genes in one strain is similar to the level of homology in other phytoplasma strains. The Phormium yellow leaf phytoplasma is a phytopathogenic Mollicute that is related to stolbur and German grapevine yellows phytoplasmas.