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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns fatty acids for heat production to defend the body against cold (1,2) and has recently been shown to be present in humans (3-5). Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) transport lipids in the bloodstream, where the fatty acid moieties are liberated by the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (6). Peripheral organs such as muscle and adipose tissue take up the fatty acids, whereas the remaining cholesterol-rich remnant particles are cleared by the liver (6). Elevated plasma triglyceride concentrations and prolonged circulation of cholesterol-rich remnants, especially in diabetic dyslipidemia, are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (7-11). However, the precise biological role of BAT for TRL clearance remains unclear. Here we show that increased BAT activity induced by short-term cold exposure controls TRL metabolism in mice. Cold exposure drastically accelerated plasma clearance of triglycerides as a result of increased uptake into BAT, a process crucially dependent on local LPL activity and transmembrane receptor CD36. In pathophysiological settings, cold exposure corrected hyperlipidemia and improved deleterious effects of insulin resistance. In conclusion, BAT activity controls vascular lipoprotein homeostasis by inducing a metabolic program that boosts TRL turnover and channels lipids into BAT. Activation of BAT might be a therapeutic approach to reduce elevated triglyceride concentrations and combat obesity in humans., Although white adipose tissue is a specialized lipid storage organ for excess calories, BAT contains large amounts of mitochondria to dissipate chemical energy. Upon cold-stimulated activation by nervous input, BAT [...]

Purpose: This study explored the impact of cognition and the availability of other drivers on driving restriction and cessation among older adults. Design and Methods: Survey data from the first wave of the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old data were analyzed, using multinomial logistic regressions. Results: Cognitive impairment is associated with driving restriction and cessation, although a noteworthy minority of mildly and severely cognitively impaired individuals continue to drive. Partner's driving and involvement and presence of other drivers in the household moderated the effect of cognition on driving restriction and cessation. Implications: The decision processes surrounding an individual's restricting or stopping driving are complex and may include consideration not only of competence, but also of sense of self-worth and relationship with a partner. Key Words: Cognition, Aging, ADL and IADL impairments

The underlying psychological and emotional components of distress were examined in 87 children with a parent in the terminal phase of cancer. Common fears, concerns, misperceptions, and behavioral consequences are analyzed, as are more severe psychological and behavioral reactions. Implications for psychoeducational parent-guidance intervention are discussed.