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Published in the Boston Globe in 1899, a six-panel comic strip titled 'The Biograph Up to Date' sheds interesting light on early American cinema and its representation of Irish masculinity. [...]

A solution NMR-based studies which provide insight into the structure, function, and dynamics of 15.5K in the Kink-turn protein-RNA interaction is described.

Abstract: Construction contracts are becoming more complicated, and the increase in complexity of construction processes, documents, and conditions of contracts has contributed to a higher possibility of disputes and conflicting [...]

In deregulated power markets, generated power can be time-shifted from a period of low price to that of high price by energy storage with an efficiency penalty. Pumped storage is a common form of energy storage. The total amount of power stored (megawatt-hour) is set by the reservoir capacity. The rate of recovery of stored energy (megawatt) is set by the capacity of the pump/generator and related equipment. A model is developed to maximize the return on investment in pumped storage by varying the generation capacity for a given reservoir to optimize the daily operating hours. Two examples from Alberta, Canada, confirm that the size of pump/generator relative to the reservoir capacity that optimizes daily operating time and return on investment depends on each of the deregulated power market (diurnal price pattern), the site within the power market (site-specific interconnection charges), and the storage technology (energy efficiency). Index Terms--Energy storage, power generation, power industry, power system economics, pumped storage power generation.

The effects of low temperature and ionic strength on water encapsulated within reverse micelles are investigated by solution NMR. The results obtained demonstrate that reverse micelle is an excellent vehicle for studies of confined water across a broad range of conditions, including the temperature range that provides access to the supercooled state.

We examine price by season and by year in 14 deregulated markets, by looking at diurnal price patterns and price volatility. Power price volatility is measured by price velocity, the daily average of the absolute value of price change per hour, which is broken into a component expected from the average diurnal pattern, and an unexpected component. Deregulated markets can be categorized into three groups: stable markets, markets that experienced one bad period or season of high price excursion, and chaotic markets. Britain, Spain and Scandinavia show consistent price patterns and low unexpected price velocity; a thoughtful consumer could reasonably implement demand side management (DSM) by shaping consumption patterns to reflect price. California, New Zealand and Alberta are examples of markets that had a period of very high price excursion; we discuss factors affecting public reaction to this. Australian power markets have inconsistent price patterns from season to season and year to year, and very high unexpected price velocity. Planned DSM in these markets would be very difficult. We offer four policy considerations for markets considering deregulation in the future. Index Terms--Load management, power demand, power industry, power system economics, risk analysis.

In this article, the 'relevant factors' of Skopos Theory are discussed and contrasted with the findings of an ethnographic study of literary translators in the Netherlands and Belgium. The findings are based on a qualitative data analysis of in-depth interviews with twelve translators of Irish poetry. Hans Vermeer's Skopos theory (2000) treats translation as a form of (social) action (see also Justa Holz-Manttari 1984) in which a number of 'relevant factors' such as skopos, commission, translatum, and brief, all play vital roles. Vermeer defines skopos as 'a technical word for the aim or propose of a translation' that is part of a translational action. Skopos theory provides translation scholars with a framework for exploring significant aspects of translation without losing sight of their inter-relatedness. Vermeer posits a plausible hierarchy of relations between these aspects, but offers no tangible evidence that they exist. The aim of the current study is to subject these factors to ethnographic research and thus provide Skopos theory with empirical data. In the long perspective, this involves a shift of focus regarding the 'relevant factors' in the theory. Key words: skopos, commission, brief, translatum, ethnography, practice, qualitative data analysis.

Electrical power price variability for fourteen deregulated markets is examined. Price velocity, which means the daily average of the absolute value of price change per hour, is used to measure power price volatility.

Power price in deregulated markets shows fundamentally different patterns even though they have a common economic base. Deregulated power markets create a different incentive for a consumer to time shift power consuming activities as they differ in maximum and minimum daily average price and in average weekday to weekend price.

Issues regarding the commercial viability and growth of the alternative fuels market are examined here, using Canada's attempt at gaining public acceptance of compressed natural gas in the mid-1980s. Factors inhibiting that market's development included: poor profitability; scarcity of refueling facilities; excessive markup on parts; etc.

Research has been conducted on the small acidic protein, calmodulin which acts as an intracellular calcium sensor protein. The structural dynamics and energetics of interactions of a peptide and calcium-saturated calmodulin have been investigated via the amide hydrogen exchange and the results are reported.

Research has been conducted on the Cyanobacterium anabaena oxidized flavodoxin. The use of this flavodoxin in investigating the internal dynamics of the flavin-bearing protein is described.

Research has been conducted on the main chain and side chain dynamics in Rhodobacter capsulatus ferrocytochrome c (sub)2. The use of deuterium relaxation in side chain methyl groups which provide detailed measure of internal dynamics has been examined.

The TEI's WSD mechanism allows text encoders to document the nature and use of language scripts for a given document or class of documents, but these facilities have not been widely implemented. This paper describes two implementations which use different approaches, both for encoding and for rendering, and draws some conclusions about the need for improving the utility of WSDs for scholarly texts. Key words: character, Cyrillic, glyph, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, Slavic, Slavonic, TEI, TEX, Text Encoding Initiative, writing system declaration, WSD

Brazil's most recent financial crisis coincided with the 1998 reelection of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, and is essentially political. The solution depends on making changes in Brazilian politics and enacting constitutional reforms.

2H and 13C NMR relaxation techniques used in studying the dynamics of methyl groups in proteins have been compared against each other. These methods were used in measuring the field dependence of carbon and deuterium relaxation parameters. Results indicate that both spectroscopic types obtained similar principal features of ps-ns side chain dynamics. It was observed that the 2H approach is more efficient in determining the degree of spatial restriction of the methyl symmetry axis. However, the broad frequency distribution of 13C relaxation was able to distinguish fast methyl rotation from symmetry axis reorientation.

The majority of known proteins are too large to be comprehensively examined by solution NMR methods, primarily because they tumble too slowly in solution. Here we introduce an approach to making the NMR relaxation properties of large proteins amenable to modern solution NMR techniques. The encapsulation of a protein in a reverse micelle dissolved in a low-viscosity fluid allows it to tumble as fast as a much smaller protein. The approach is demonstrated and validated with the protein ubiquitin encapsulated in reverse micelles prepared in a variety of alkane solvents.

Interviews conducted shortly before the resignation of Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello reveal what enabled him to get elected, and what he did wrong once assuming the presidency. Most interviewees reflected a desire for a more established Parliament, possibly elected on party slates. With 20 parties holding seats while Collor was president, nothing could be resolved. The lack of educated voters and the power of anti-government rhetoric on television were cited as the main reasons for Collor's election. Once elected, Collor could not maintain a majority in Congress Lastly, Collor's economic reform plan was inherently corrupt, and ultimately ineffective.

The chemical shift perturbation analysis of the amide [super 1]H and [super 15]N resonances were used to monitor the effects of encapsulation on ubiquitin encapsulated within bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate AOT reverse micelles under various degrees of confinement. The study data provide an important bridge between commonly employed dilute in vitro studies and studies of the effects of a crowded environment as well as reconcile alternative interpretations of protein cold denaturation within reverse micelles.

Encapsulation with surfactant-based reverse micelles is an effective biophysical tool that can be used for studying the effect of ionic strength, pH, hydration and crowding on biologically active macromolecules over a wide range of conditions. The results have shown that RNA oligonucleotides have acquired significant stability in the presence of cellular levels of crowding.

Byline: Kishor. Choudhari, Peter. Flynn, Steven. McKinstry Recurrence of coiled aneurysm usually due to coil compaction is a known phenomenon. Extent of recurrence and its relation to re-bleeding is not [...]

The influence of encapsulation on the backbone dynamics in the well-studied and representative protein ubiquitin is investigated. The results have shown that the dynamics of ubiquitin in a reverse micelle are similar to results obtained in solution state, with slight decreases in the amplitude of fast local motion in regions of the molecule that are associated with increased structural flexibility.

The election of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (Lula) in 2002 as president of Brazil was a new beginning since he was the first working man to come to power and also the leader of the Partido dos Trabalhadores PT), the Workers' party. The crisis faced by the party due to the revelations of a corruption scandal in 2005 is seen in a wider political perspective and its impact on the PT, which promised a stable democracy in 2002 and even in 2004.

Ubiquitin encapsulated within Aerosol-OT (AOT) reverse micelles is studied using multidimensional multinuclear solution NMR to determine the relationship between protein structure, temperature, and ionic strength. The results indicate that the structure of the encapsulated protein at low temperature experiences perturbation arising from two major influences, which are reverse micelle-protein interactions and low-temperature effects.

Protein structure in encapsulated proteins dissolved in low viscosity fluids was studied.

Research is presented describing the nuclear magnetic resonance study of proteins using cryogenic probe technology.

High-pressure triple-resonance NMR spectroscopy was employed to monitor the contributions of hydrophobic and ionic interactions on the affinity and specificity of an apocalmodulin.neuro-p complex. The results, which showed strong crosspeaks in the N-HSQC spectra of the peptide due to hydrogen bonding with apocalmodulin, support the theory that hydrophobic interactions play a controlling role in the affinity of such complexes.