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Companies are increasing their use of cause-related marketing as a means of communicating their commitment to corporate social responsibility while accomplishing their strategic goals. Although prior studies suggest that consumers react positively to cause-related marketing programs, understanding of their impact on financial performance remains limited. To address this gap, the authors employ an event study to examine the effects of cause-related marketing announcements on shareholder value using a sample of firms that appeared on Fortune's Most Admired All-Star list between 2005 and 2017. Study results show that announcement of these initiatives results in a significant loss of shareholder value. These losses are most pronounced for firms making monetary-only contributions, in comparison to those that make in-kind donations. In addition, the negative effects are mitigated for firms that have stronger reputations, have greater resource slack, and operate in more dynamic industries. Moreover, low-reputation and low-slack firms benefit most from in-kind contributions., Author(s): Parker J. Woodroof [sup.1] , George D. Deitz [sup.2] , Katharine M. Howie [sup.3] , Robert D. Jr Evans [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2161 1001, grid.266128.9, University [...]

Neisseria are obligate human pathogens causing bacterial meningitis, septicaemia and gonorrhoea. Neisseria require iron for survival and can extract it directly from human transferrin for transport across the outer membrane. The transport system consists of TbpA, an integral outer membrane protein, and TbpB, a co- receptor attached to the cell surface; both proteins are potentially important vaccine and therapeutic targets. Two key questions driving Neisseria research are how human transferrin is specifically targeted, and how the bacteria liberate iron from transferrin at neutral pH. To address these questions, we solved crystal structures of the TbpA-transferrin complex and of the corresponding co-receptor TbpB. We characterized the TbpB-transferrin complex by small-angle X-ray scattering and the TbpA-TbpB-transferrin complex by electron microscopy. Our studies provide a rational basis for the specificity of TbpA for human transferrin, show how TbpA promotes iron release from transferrin, and elucidate how TbpB facilitates this process., Neisseria comprise a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that colonize humans. Two family members, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis, are pathogens that invade the urogenital tract and nasopharynx, respectively, causing [...]

Because stiffness (modulus of elasticity (MOE)) is important for structural wood products, breeders and silviculturists seek to efficiently measure and improve this trait. We studied MOE in a 25-year-old progeny test of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) using field-based tools (ST300 and HM200) to measure stress wave MOE of standing trees and logs. We measured density, static bending MOE, and transverse vibration MOE on 2 x 4s, and density, SilviScan MOE, and SilviScan microfibril angle on small clearwood samples. Bending MOE had moderate to strong phenotypic and genetic correlations with stress wave MOE of trees and logs, transverse vibration MOE of 2 x 4s, and the densities of 2 x 4s and basal wood discs but was weakly correlated with the numbers and sizes of knots. The best lumber grade had the highest bending stiffness and smallest edge knots. Bending stiffness had a strong positive correlation with the density of small clearwood samples and a moderate negative correlation with microfibril angle. Compared with microfibril angle and edge knots, path analyses indicated that density had the strongest direct effect on bending MOE. We recommend that breeders measure and select for stress wave velocity to improve bending stiffness in Douglas-fir. Genetic gains can be increased by including wood density, but genetic selection for fewer or smaller knots will be ineffective. En raison de son importance pour les produits structuraux, les geneticiens et les sylviculteurs cherchent a ameliorer la rigidite du bois (module d'elasticite (MOE)) et a la mesurer de facon efficace. A l'aide de mesures (ST300 et HM200) du MOE par onde de contrainte prises sur le terrain, nous avons etudie le MOE d'arbres sur pied et de billes provenant d'un test de descendance de douglas de Menzies (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) age de 25 ans. Nous avons mesure la densite, le MOE en flexion statique et le MOE en vibration transverse sur des 2 x 4 ainsi que la densite, le MOE SilviScan et l'angle des microfibrilles SilviScan sur de petites eprouvettes de bois sans defauts. Le MOE en flexion avait des correlations ph enotypiques et genetiques allant de moderees a fortes avec le MOE mesure par onde de contrainte des arbres et des billes, le MOE en vibration transverse des 2 x 4 et la densit e des 2 x 4 et des rondelles de bois a la base mais il etait faiblement correle avec le nombre et la taille des noeuds. La meilleure qualite de bois scie avait la plus grande rigidit e en flexion et les plus petits noeuds de rive. La rigidite en flexion avait une forte correlation positive avec la densite des petites eprouvettes de bois sans d efauts et une correlation n egative moderee avec l'angle des microfibrilles. Comparativement a l'angle des microfibrilles et aux noeuds de rive, les analyses des pistes causales ont indique que la densite avait le plus grand effet direct sur le MOE en flexion. Nous recommandons que les geneticiens mesurent la vitesse de propagation d'une onde de contrainte et selectionnent sur cette base afin d'am eliorer le MOE en flexion du douglas de Menzies. Les gains g en etiques peuvent etre ameliores en incluant la densite du bois, mais une selection genetique pour un moins grand nombre ou de plus petits noeuds sera inefficace. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is the principal lumber species in the Pacific Northwest because it is widely distributed, grows quickly, and has excellent wood quality. Douglas-fir is widely [...]

We previously detected a membrane-bound, copper-containing oxidase that may be involved in iron efflux in BeWo cells, a human placental cell line. We have now identified a gene encoding a predicted multicopper ferroxidase (MCF) with a putative C-terminal membrane-spanning sequence and high sequence identity to hephaestin (Heph) and ceruloplasmin (Cp), the other known vertebrate MCF. Molecular modeling revealed conservation of all type I, II, and III copper-binding sites as well as a putative iron-binding site. Protein expression was observed in multiple diverse mouse tissues, including placenta and mammary gland, and the expression pattern was distinct from that of Cp and Heph. The protein possessed ferroxidase activity, and protein levels decreased in cellular copper deficiency. Knockdown with small interfering RNA in BeWo cells indicates that this gene represents the previously detected oxidase. We propose calling this new member of the MCF family 'zyklopen.' J. Nutr. 140: 1728-1735, 2010. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.117531.

Hepcidin expression in vivo is regulated in proportion to iron status (i.e., increased by iron loading and decreased in iron deficiency). However, in vitro studies with hepatoma cell lines often show an inverse relationship between iron status and hepcidin expression. Here, we investigated possible molecular mechanisms responsible for the differences in iron sensing between hepatoma cell lines and human primary hepatocytes. RNA was collected from primary human hepatocytes, and HepG2 and HuH7 hepatoma cells were treated with either transferrin-bound and nontransferrin-bound iron. Expression of hepcidin, transferrin receptor 2, HFE, and hemojuvelin were quantified by real-time PCR. Hepcidin expression was increased in primary human hepatocytes following 24-h exposure to holoferric transferrin. In contrast, hepcidin mRNA levels in hepatoma cells were decreased by transferrin. Hepcidin expression was positively correlated with transferrin receptor 2 mRNA levels in primary human hepatocytes. Compared with primary hepatocytes, transferrin receptor 2 expression was significantly lower in hepatoma cell lines; furthermore, there was no correlation between transferrin receptor 2 and hepcidin mRNA levels in either HepG2 or HuH7 cells. Taken together our data suggest that transferrin receptor 2 is a likely candidate to explain the differences in iron sensing between hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocytes. hepcidin; hfe; hemojuvelin doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.O0157.2010.

Detailed radial measurements of wood properties, taken at breast height, were obtained from control pollinated seedlings and a selection of 13 year old radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) clones. Using these data the key objectives of this study were to determine (i) the magnitude of mean clonal variation in modulus of elasticity (MOE) and properties affecting MOE (density and microfibril angle (MFA)) and (ii) whether there is a significant age X clone interaction for these traits. All wood properties were significantly affected by the main and interactive effects of age and clone. There was a relatively linear increase in both MOE and density with tree age, while MFA declined linearly with tree age. Values of density and MOE diverged between the clonal extremes from age 3 to age 12. After diverging markedly up to age 6, differences in MFA between clonal extremes remained relatively constant to age 12. At age 12, values for density, MFA, and MOE varied between clonal extremes by, respectively, 194 kg.[m.sup.-3] (465-659 kg.[m.sup.-3]), 11.3° (9.6-20.9°), and 11.2 GPa (10.4-21.6 GPa). The seedling material had a relatively intermediate ranking, across the age range, for all traits considered. Resume: Des mesures radiales detaillees des proprietes du bois ont ete prises a hauteur de poitrine sur des semis issus d'une pollinisation controlee et sur des clones selectionnes de pin radiata (Pinus radiata D. Don) D.Don ages de 13 ans. A partir de ces donnees, les principaux objectifs de cette etude consistaient a determiner (i) l'ampleur de la variation clonale moyenne du module d'elasticite (MOE) et des proprietes affectant le MOE (densite et angle des microfibrilles (AMF)) et (ii) s'il y a une interaction age X clone significative dans le cas de ces traits. Les effets principaux et l'interaction age X clone etaient significatifs pour toutes les proprietes du bois. Le MOE et la densite augmentaient de facon relativement line aire tandis que l'AMF diminuait lineairement en fonction de l'age d'arbre. Entre 3 et 12 ans, les valeurs de densite et de MOE divergeaient entre les extremes clonaux. Apres avoir diverge de facon marquee jusqu'a l'age de 6 ans, les differences d'AMF entre les extremes clonaux demeuraient relativement constantes jusqu'a 12 ans. A 12 ans, les valeurs de densite, d'AMF et de MOE variaient entre les extremes clonaux de respectivement 194 kg.[m.sup.-3] (465 a 659 kg.[m.sup.-3]), 11,3° (9,6 a 20,9°) et 11,2 GPa (10,4 a 21,6 GPa). Le materiel issu des semis avait un classement relativement intermediaire pour toute la gamme d'ages et tous les traits etudies. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Advances in tree breeding and changes in silvicultural practice over the last few decades have greatly enhanced growth rates of plantation-grown conifers. These growth gains have led to shorter [...]

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01438.x Byline: Merritt R. Turetsky (1), Susan E. Crow (2), Robert J. Evans (3), Dale H. Vitt (4), R. Kelman Wieder (5) Keywords: boreal; climate change; decomposition; metabolism; mosses; non-structural carbohydrates; peatlands; resource allocation; Sphagnum; structural carbohydrates Abstract: Summary We separated the effects of plant species controls on decomposition rates from environmental controls in northern peatlands using a full factorial, reciprocal transplant experiment of eight dominant bryophytes in four distinct peatland types in boreal Alberta, Canada. Standard fractionation techniques as well as compound-specific pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry were used to identify a biochemical mechanism underlying any interspecific differences in decomposition rates. We found that over a 3-year field incubation, individual moss species and not micro-environmental conditions controlled early stages of decomposition. Across species, Sphagnum mosses exhibited a trade-off in resource partitioning into metabolic and structural carbohydrates, a pattern that served as a strong predictor of litter decomposition. Decomposition rates showed a negative co-variation between species and their microtopographic position, as species that live in hummocks decomposed slowly but hummock microhabitats themselves corresponded to rapid decomposition rates. By forming litter that degrades slowly, hummock mosses appear to promote the maintenance of macropore structure in surface peat hummocks that aid in water retention. Synthesis. Many northern regions are experiencing rapid climate warming that is expected to accelerate the decomposition of large soil carbon pools stored within peatlands. However, our results suggest that some common peatland moss species form tissue that resists decomposition across a range of peatland environments, suggesting that moss resource allocation could stabilize peatland carbon losses under a changing climate. Author Affiliation: (1)Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; (2)14CHRONO Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; (3)National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA; (4)Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA; and (5)Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova PA, USA Article History: Received: 2 April 2008; Accepted: 4 August 2008. Handling Editor: Jonathan Newman Article note: (*) Correspondence author. E-mail: mrt@uoguelph.ca

Circular depressions bounded by inward-dipping faults found at the upper terminations of large mud volcano systems (>500 m diameter) are termed 'mud volcano summit calderas'. From new mapping and comparison with previously identified examples we describe a series of common structural and morphological features found at a number of calderas and propose a mechanism for caldera formation. A typical example consists of concentric deformational and volcanic zones including an outermost topographic rim, inward-dipping circular fault system, 'moat' and raised central 'pedestal' of freshly extruded mud volcanic sediment. This distinctive 'moat and pedestal' morphology can be explained in terms of the quantity and rheology of extruded mud, and appears characteristic of calderas from the South Caspian Basin and elsewhere. The association of fresh mud volcanic deposits with the calderas in combination with extensive literature on caldera modelling leads us to conclude that the most likely causal mechanism is subsidence as a result of evacuation of fluids and sediment from shallow structural levels during eruptions. Summit calderas mapped in this study characterize dormant periods of mud volcanism in subaerial and submarine settings, and appear to be a common structural element in the extrusive domain of mud volcano systems.

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2008.00844.x Byline: Robert Evans (1) Keywords: Incomplete contracts; holdup problem; option contracts Abstract: This paper studies a general model of holdup in a setting encompassing the models of Segal (1999) and Che and Hausch (1999) among others. It is shown that if renegotiation is modeled as an infinite-horizon noncooperative bargaining game, then, with a simple initial contract, an efficient equilibrium will generally exist. The contract is robust in the sense that it does not depend on fine details of the model. The contract gives authority to one party to set the terms of trade and gives the other party a nonexpiring option to trade at these terms. The difference from standard results arises because the initial contract ensures that the renegotiation game has multiple equilibria; the multiplicity of continuation equilibria can be used to enforce efficient investment. Author Affiliation: (*)St. John's College, Cambridge CB2 1TP, United Kingdom;robert.evans@econ.cam.ac.uk Article History: Manuscript received November, 2005; final revision received November, 2007.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2007.09.003 Byline: Harry Collins (a), Robert Evans (a), Mike Gorman (b) Keywords: Trading zones; Interactional expertise; Interdisciplinarity; Creole Abstract: The phrase 'trading zone' is often used to denote any kind of interdisciplinary partnership in which two or more perspectives are combined and a new, shared language develops. In this paper we distinguish between different types of trading zone by asking whether the collaboration is co-operative or coerced and whether the end-state is a heterogeneous or homogeneous culture. In so doing, we find that the voluntary development of a new language community -- what we call an inter-language trading zone -- represents only one of four possible configurations. In developing this argument we show how different modes of collaboration result in different kinds of trading zone, how different kinds of trading zone may be 'nested' inside each other and discuss how a single collaboration might move between different kinds of trading zone over time. One implication of our analysis is that interactional expertise is a central component of at least one class of trading zone. Author Affiliation: (a) Centre for the Study of Knowledge Expertise and Science (KES), Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff CF10 3WT, UK (b) Department of Department of Science, Technology, & Society, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4746, USA

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2007.09.011 Byline: Robert Evans Keywords: Expertise; Economic forecasting; Periodic table of expertise; Judgement Abstract: The outputs of economic forecasting -- predictions for national economic indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates and inflation -- are all highly visible. The production of these forecasts is a much more private affair, however, typically being thought of as the work of individual forecasters or forecast teams using their economic model to produce a forecast that is then made public. This conception over-emphasises the individual and the technical whilst silencing the broader social context through which economic forecasters develop the expertise that is essential for the credibility of their predictions. In particular, economic forecasts are given meaning and fine-tuned through the social and institutional networks that give forecasters access to the expertise of a heterogeneous mix of academics, policy-makers and business people. Within these broader groups, individual forecasters often create private forecast 'clubs', where subscribers have privileged access to the expertise of the economist, but where the forecasters also have privileged access to their clients' own expert knowledge. In examining these aspects of the forecasters' work I show that the visible and audible activities of modelling and forecasting are made possible and plausible by virtue of the modeller's invisible interaction with a wider network. Author Affiliation: Centre for the study of Knowledge Expertise Science (KES), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, The Glamorgan Bldg, Cardiff CF10 3WT, UK

Long-term management practices are needed to increase dryland C storage and improve soil quality. We evaluated the 21-yr effects of combinations of tillage and cropping sequences on dryland crop biomass (stems + leaves) returned to the soil, residue C, and soil C fractions at the 0- to 20-cm depth in a Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, frigid, Typic Argiborolls) in eastern Montana. Treatments were no-till continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCW), spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall- and spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall- and spring-tilled spring wheat-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1984-1999) followed by spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (2000-2004) (FSTW-B/P), and spring-tilled spring wheat-fallow (STW-F). Carbon fractions were soil organic C (SOC), soil inorganic C (SIC), particulate organic C (POC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and potential C mineralization (PCM). Mean crop biomass was 53 to 66% greater in NTCW, STCW, FSTCW, and FSTW-B/P than in STW-E Soil surface residue amount and C content in 2004 were 46 to 60% greater in NTCW and FSTCW than in STW-E As a result, soil C fractions at 0 to 20 cm were 23 to 141% greater in all other treatments than in STW-F due to increased C input. At 0 to 5 cm, SOC, SIC, POC, and PCM were greater in NTCW than in FSTWB/P. At 5 to 20 cm, POC was greater in NTCW than in FSTW-B/P and PCM was greater in STCW than in FSTCW. Long-term reduced tillage with continuous nonlegume cropping increased dryland crop biomass, residue and soil C storage, and soil quality by increasing microbial biomass and activities compared with a conventional system such as STW-F. Abbreviations: FSTCW, fall- and spring-tilled continuous spring wheat; FSTW-B/P, fall- and spring-tilled spring wheat-barley (1984-1999) followed by spring wheat-pea (2000-2004); MBC, microbial biomass C; NTCW, no-till continuous spring wheat; PCM, potential carbon mineralization; POC, particulate organic carbon; SIC, soil inorganic carbon; SOC, soil organic carbon; STCW, spring-tilled continuous spring wheat; STW-E spring-tilled spring wheat-fallow.

Municipal wastewaters are a complex mixture containing estrogens and estrogen mimics that are known to affect the reproductive health of wild fishes. Male fishes downstream of some wastewater outfalls produce vitellogenin (VTG) (a protein normally synthesized by females during oocyte maturation) and early-stage eggs in their testes, and this feminization has been attributed to the presence of estrogenic substances such as natural estrogens [estrone or 17[beta]-estradiol (E2)], the synthetic estrogen used in birth-control pills [17 [alpha]-ethynylestradiol (EE2)], or weaker estrogen mimics such as nonylphenol in the water. Despite widespread evidence that male fishes are being feminized, it is not known whether these low-level, chronic exposures adversely impact the sustainability of wild populations. We conducted a 7-year, whole-lake experiment at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) in northwestern Ontario, Canada, and showed that chronic exposure of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to low concentrations (5-6 ng.[L.sup.-1]) of the potent 17 [alpha]-ethynylestradiol led to feminization of males through the production of vitellogenin mRNA and protein, impacts on gonadal development as evidenced by intersex in males and altered oogenesis in females, and, ultimately, a near extinction of this species from the lake. Our observations demonstrate that the concentrations of estrogens and their mimics observed in freshwaters can impact the sustainability of wild fish populations. endocrine disrupters I fathead minnow I municipal wastewaters | population-level effects I whole-lake experiment

In this paper we discuss the controller design of a PZT-actuated suspension dual-stage servo system in hard disk drives. The proposed control structure includes an active vibration damping control loop and a track-following control loop. The vibration damping control loop, which runs at a faster rate than the track-following control loop, utilizes a PZT element on a PZT-actuated suspension as a vibration sensor to damp the resonance modes of the voice coil motor (VCM) and the PZT actuator. The vibration damping controller is designed using Kalman filter based state feedback control techniques. A simple dual-stage track-following controller is designed, based on the damped actuator model using the sensitivity function decoupling design method. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the benefits of this control scheme in expanding servo control bandwidth and suppressing airflow excited structural vibrations. [DOI: 10.1115/1.2229257]

Water quality in the Middle Coastal Plain of North Carolina has been impacted by agriculture; however, the water quality impacts in these areas over time have not been studied in detail. The surface water quality of several streams in the Neuse River Watershed along the Middle Coastal Plain of North Carolina was monitored for approximately five years, while shallow groundwater in cropped fields and adjacent to drainage ditches was monitored for three years. Surface water samples were collected biweekly and analyzed for nitrate nitrogen (N[O.sub.3]-N), ammonium nitrogen (N[H.sub.4]-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen, orthophosphate (P[O.sub.4]-P), total phosphate, and total suspended solids, and approximately monthly groundwater samples were collected from wells and analyzed for N[O.sub.3]-N. Trends relating to seasonal changes in stream water quality as a function of land use and soil type were analyzed, as well as long term changes. Generally, upstream sampling points showed low levels of all constituents. Nutrient and sediment concentrations increased along the streams draining the agricultural lands. Trends in surface water quality did not change under row crops, and N[O.sub.3]-N averaged 3.4-4.1 mg/L, while N[H.sub.4]-N averaged 0.1 mg/L. Surface water was impacted dramatically by seepage from an anaerobic swine wastewater lagoon. N[O.sub.3]-N and N[H.sub.4]-N downstream from the seepage plume averaged 1.5 and 12.7 mg/L, respectively. Directly down gradient of the lagoon, groundwater samples averaged 121 mg/L for N[H.sub.4]-N. Groundwater N[O.sub.3]-N concentrations decreased 30-76% due to a reduced zone along many of the ditches. Biomass production in the drainage ditches resulted in substantial amounts of organic nitrogen in the ditches. Surface water nitrate concentration averaged at or above the limit for new wastewater treatment plants on the Neuse River. Groundwater nitrate concentration in the shallow groundwater averaged 4.6-9.3 mg/L; however, in several locations on the farm, groundwater nitrate nitrogen concentration was elevated above the 10 mg/L U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limit for drinking water due to fertilization of crops and pastures. Hurricanes in 1999 flushed nutrients out of the soil profile in areas that were flooded along the river. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2006)132:3(250) CE Database subject headings: Fertilizers; Ground-water pollution; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Seepage; Surface waters; Water quality.

Abstract: The potential for breeding Pinus radiata D. Don to improve wood stiffness (modulus of elasticity, MoE) was examined by obtaining pith-to-bark cores from trees at breast height in two [...]

Peter Erickson and Maurice Hunt, eds. Approaches to Teaching Shakespeare's Othello. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2005. Pp. ix + 244. $37.50 casebound; $19.75 paperbound. This latest [...]

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping using natural populations results in higher resolution of marker-trait associations compared to family-based quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies. Depending on the extent of LD, it is possible to identify alleles within candidate genes associated with a trait. Analysis of a natural mutant in Arabidopsis has shown that mutations in cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR), a key lignin gene, -affect physical properties of the secondary cell wall such as stiffness and strength. Using this gene, we tested whether LD mapping could identify alleles associated with microfibril angle (MFA), a wood quality trait affecting stiffness and strength of wood. We identified 25 common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the CCR-gene in Eucalyptus nitens. Using single-marker and haplotype analyses in 290 trees from a E. nitens natural population, two haplotypes significantly associated with MFA were found. These results were confirmed in two full-sib families of E. nitens and Eucalyptus globulus. In an effort to understand the functional significance of the SNP markers, we sequenced the cDNA clones and identified an alternatively spliced variant from the significant haplotype region. This study demonstrates that LD mapping can be used to identify alleles associated with wood quality traits in natural populations of trees.

The achievement gap, the persistent disparity between the performance of African American and Hispanic students and that of white and Asian American students, is perhaps the most stubborn, perplexing issue [...]

Carol Thomas Neely. Distracted Subjects: Madness and Gender in Shakespeare and Early Modern Culture. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004. Pp. xiii + 244. $52.50 casebound; $21.95 paperbound. Virginia Mason Vaughan. [...]

Given what we know about the nature of knowledge and scientific work it no longer makes sense to think of scientific knowledge as demarcated from 'ordinary' knowledge through its methods or the characteristics of the scientific community. As the social studies of science have shown, boundaries become ambiguous when viewed close up so that science merges with ordinary knowledge. But does this mean that distinctions between knowledge claims rest on nothing more than social conventions, powerful as these might be? The articles in this special issue address this question from a variety of perspectives, while this introduction sets out this broader framework and highlights the themes that unite the individual articles. Our central argument is that although boundary work is difficult, complex, and contingent, it is too important to be left to chance or tradition. We need to rescue expertise from the antiessentialist consensus that there is nothing but attribution. Keywords: expertise; demarcation criteria, boundary work; science, nonscience

Kenneth S. Rothwell. A History of Shakespeare on Screen: A Century' of Film and Television. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. xvii + 380 + illustrations. $28.99. Sarah [...]

Environmental justice is both a vocabulary for political opportunity, mobilization and action, and a policy principle to guide public decision making. It emerged initially in the US, and more recently in the UK, as a new vocabulary underpinning action by community organizations campaigning against environmental injustices. However, as the environmental justice discourse has matured, it has become increasingly evident that it should play a role in the wider agendas for sustainable development and social inclusion. The links between sustainability and environmental justice are becoming clearer and more widely understood in the UK by NGOs and government alike, and it is the potential synergy between these two discourses which is the focus of this paper. This paper argues that the concept of 'just sustainability' provides a discourse for policymakers and activists, which brings together the key dimensions of both environmental justice and sustainable development. KEY WORDS: environment, justice, sustainability

James Hirsh. Shakespeare and the History o Soliloquies. Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 200:3. Pp. 470 pages. $75.00 More than once while reading James Hirsh's new book I was [...]

We analyze an R&D race in which, in each period, two firms each choose which of two research projects to invest in. Each observes the other's past choices and so [...]

This paper investigates the possibility of developing a nonintrusive, low-cost, flow-rate measurement technique. The technique is based on signal noise from an accelerometer attached to the surface of the pipe. The signal noise is defined as the standard deviation of the frequency-averaged time-series signal. Experimental results are presented that indicate a nearly quadratic relationship over the test region between the signal noise and flow rate in the pipe. It is also shown that the signal noise-flow rate relationship is dependent on the pipe material and diameter.

This paper uses the proposed UK referendum on the single European currency as a means of investigating the effect of democratizing science on the scrutiny of conflicting expert advice. Although the referendum has not happened yet, and may not happen at all, the campaigners for and against the Euro have none the less been working for several years to ensure that if, and when, it does happen they are in a position to win it. By exploring how campaigners on both sides of the debate understand the concerns of voters, the paper shows how they are working towards a referendum in which the political dimensions of the Euro are actively minimized in order to avoid alienating key 'floating voters'. Instead, the campaign is expected to focus on the economic costs and benefits of the Euro for individuals and households, with only limited discussion of issues relating to sovereignty. Whether or not the campaign groups, particularly those that oppose the Euro, can maintain this line remains to be seen but if there is a full and frank public debate about the economic, social and political stakes, then this will be despite the referendum rather than because of it. Keywords: Democratizing science; participation; public understanding of science; single European currency

Objectives. This article describes Canadian civil servants' awareness of, attitudes toward, and self-reported use of ideas about the determinants of health. Methods. Federal and provincial civil servants in departments of finance, labor, social services, and health were surveyed. Results. With civil servants in finance departments a notable exception, most Canadian civil servants see the health of populations as a relevant outcome for their sectors. Many (65%) report that ideas about the determinants of health have already influenced policymaking in their sector, but most (83%) say they need more information about the health consequences of the policy alternatives their departments face. Conclusions. Civil servants should consider developing accountability structures for health and researchers should consider producing and transferring more policy-relevant research.

Structural resonance modes of the head stack and suspension assembly are one of the major limiting factors for achieving higher head-positioning servo performance in hard disk drives. This paper discusses the vibration suppression control of a PZT actuated suspension dual-stage servo system. A PZT strip on a PZT actuated suspension is utilized as a vibration sensor to control both the voice coil motor (VCM) actuator butterfly mode and the suspension sway mode. The vibration suppression controller is designed using the [H.sub.[infinity]] control design method. Experimental results show that an attenuation of 15 dB can be achieved for both the suspension sway mode and the VCM butterfly mode, and the rms of the head off-track motion due to airflow excited vibration can be reduced by approximately 30% with the proposed vibration suppression control scheme. Index Terms--Dual-stage servo, hard disk drive, vibration damping control, windage.

The authors' 1990 article 'Producing Health, Consuming Health Care' presented a conceptual framework for synthesizing a rapidly growing body of findings on the nonmedical determinants of health. The article received a very positive response, and here the authors reflect on what lessons might be learned from that response about the style or content of effective interdisciplinary communication. Much substantive knowledge has been accumulated since 1990, and a number of different frameworks have been developed before and since. The authors situate theirs within this literature and consider how they might have modified it if they 'knew then what they know now.' They ask what impact this article, and the much broader stream of research on the determinants of health, has had on public policy? (Am J Public Health. 2003;93:371-379)

A database of cotemporal, collocated satellite and in situ observations is used to examine the association between the brightness temperature differences measured by the thermal infrared channels (T45) of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and water vapor estimates ([omega]) derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). This channel difference is used to estimate the atmospheric correction (due mostly to water vapor absorption) in sea surface temperature (SST) algorithms. The association between T45 and [omega] is found to be greatest for tropical latitudes; for mid- and high latitudes, the association is best during summer. However, the association tends to decrease toward mid- and higher latitudes during other periods. SST residual errors (satellite--buoy) show a negative mean in the Tropics, suggesting undercorrection for water vapor attenuation in the Tropics. This underestimation is explicitly shown for SST residuals in the high-water-vapor regimes of the Arabian Sea. In mid- and high latitudes, the variability of atmospheric water vapor and air-sea temperature difference contributes to the weaker association between T45 and [omega] and results in positive mean SST residual errors. A differential form of SST algorithm that incorporates the use of a 'first-guess estimate' that correlates with SST is observed to give the least residual error.

Abstract. -- This study documents the mass capture by Sarracenia alata (pitcher plant) of Plecia nearctica (lovebug) during an emergence that occurred in southwest Louisiana and southeast Texas during the [...]

Abstract.--This study documents the mass capture by Sarracenia alata (pitcher plant) of Plecia nearctica (lovebug) during an emergence that occurred in southwest Louisiana and southeast Texas during the fall of [...]

Author(s): John W. Shiver [1]; Tong-Ming Fu [1]; Ling Chen [1]; Danilo R. Casimiro [1]; Mary-Ellen Davies [1]; Robert K. Evans [1]; Zhi-Qiang Zhang [1]; Adam J. Simon [1]; Wendy [...]

'How to Tell a Flatterer from a Friend' is the title of one of Plutarch's most famous Moralia, but the phrase could just as easily be the subtitle of Shakespeare's [...]

The remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) estimated from the 4-km-resolution Pathfinder SST algorithm is compared to a SST locally measured by the Marine Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (MAERI) during five oceanographic cruises in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, in conditions ranging from Arctic to equatorial. The Pathfinder SST is a product of the satellite-based Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, while the MAERI is an infrared radiometric interferometer with continuous onboard calibration that can provide highly accurate (better than 0.05 degrees C) in situ skin temperatures during extended shipboard deployments. Matchups, which are collocated (within 4 km) and coincident (+/- 40 min during the day; +/- 120 min during the night) data, from these two different sources under cloud-free conditions are compared. The average difference between the MAERI and Pathfinder SSTs is found to be 0.07 +/- 0.31 degrees C from 219 matchups during the low- and midlatitude cruises; inclusion of 80 more matchups from the Arctic comparisons produces an average global difference of 0.14 +/- 0.36 degrees C. The MAERI-Pathfinder differences compare favorably with the average midlatitude differences between the MAERI skin SST and other bulk SST estimates commonly available for these cruises such as the research vessels' thermosalinograph SST (0.12 +/- 0.17 degrees C) and the weekly National Centers for Environmental Prediction optimally interpolated SST analysis (0.41 +/- 0.58 degrees C). While not representative of all possible oceanic and atmospheric regimes, the accuracy of the Pathfinder SST estimates under the conditions sampled by the five cruises is found to be at least twice as good as previously demonstrated.

Secondary analysis of descriptive data concerning musically gifted students, their parents, and their teachers yields distinctive attribution patterns for each group. The patterns describe this group of students as attributing much of their success to inborn ability and hard work. These accomplished students, however, describe family members and friends as discouraging their musical development. Parents, in sharp contrast, report their children as having only ordinary levels of inborn talent, and they attribute their children's musical accomplishments to encouragement provided by family and friends. Teachers in this study attribute students' musical development to innate talent, hard work, and schooling. Differences among these attribution patterns are surprising, but are consistent with research that suggests that individuals often make causal attribution that are self-serving, giving a good deal of credit to their own characteristics or influence.

The molecular phylogenetics and biogeochemistry of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the rhizosphere of the marsh grass Spartina alterniflora were investigated over two growing seasons using molecular probing, enumerations of culturable sulfate-reducing bacteria and measurements of SO(sub 4)(super 2-) reduction rates and geochemical variables. SO(sub 4)(super 2-) reduction rates increased dramatically when plant growth commenced in April and decreased when plants flowered in late July. It was also shown that sulfate-reducing bacteria ribosomal RNA made up as high as 43% of the ribosomal RNA from members of the domain Bacteria in marsh sediments, with the highest percentages found in bacteria that are physically related to root surfaces.

William Shakespeare's 'Hamlet' can be seen as a play about friendship. Renaissance thinkers were particularly interested in this human relationship, feeling it was the basis for generating the good will that kept society together. The friendships of Bernardo and Fernando, and those of Hamlet with Laertes, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and especially with Horatio, portray the complex relationships humans can have.

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) will add a significant new capability for investigating the 70% of the earth's surface that is covered by oceans, in addition to contributing to the continuation of a decadal scale time series necessary for climate change assessment in the oceans. Sensor capabilities of particular importance for improving the accuracy of ocean products include high SNR and high stability for narrower spectral bands, improved onboard radiometric calibration and stability monitoring, and improved science data product algorithms. Spectral bands for resolving solar-stimulated chlorophyll fluorescence and a split window in the 4-[[micro]meter] region for SST will result in important new global ocean science products for biology and physics. MODIS will return full global data at 1-km resolution. The complete suite of Levels 2 and 3 ocean products is reviewed, and many areas where MODIS data are expected to make significant, new contributions to the enhanced understanding of the oceans' role in understanding climate change are discussed. In providing a highly complementary and consistent set of observations of terrestrial, atmospheric, and ocean observations, MODIS data will provide important new information on the interactions between earth's major components.