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Interest is increasing in the role of variations in the human genome (polymorphisms) in modifying the effect of exposures to environmental health hazards (often referred to as gene-environment interaction), which [...]

BACKGROUND: The Superfund Research Program (SRP) is an academically based, multidisciplinary, translational research program that for 25 years has sought scientific solutions to health and environmental problems associated with hazardous waste sites. SRP is coordinated by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). It supports multi-project grants, undergraduate and postdoctoral training programs, individual research grants, and Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Technology Transfer Research (STTR) grants. RESULTS: SRP has had many successes: discovery of arsenic's toxicity to the developing human central nervous system; documentation of benzene toxicity to hematologic progenitor cells in human bone marrow; development of novel analytic techniques such as the luciferase expression assay and laser fragmentation fluorescence spectroscopy; demonstration that PCBs can cause developmental neurotoxicity at low levels and alter the genomic characteristics of sentinel animals; elucidation of the neurodevelopmental toxicity of organophosphate insecticides; documentation of links between antimicrobial agents and alterations in hormone response; discovery of biological mechanisms through which environmental chemicals may contribute to obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer; tracking the health and environmental effects of the attacks on the World Trade Center and Hurricane Katrina; and development of novel biological and engineering techniques to facilitate more efficient and lower-cost remediation of hazardous waste sites. CONCLUSION: SRP must continue to address the legacy of hazardous waste in the United States, respond to new issues caused by rapid advances in technology, and train the next generation of leaders in environmental health science while recognizing that most of the world's worst toxic hot spots are now located in low- and middle-income countries. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409247, Introduction Twenty-five years ago, the U.S. Congress first set aside funds to address fundamental research needs for the nation's hazardous waste problem with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability [...]

A rapid, mild and scalable tellurium-mediated cycloaromization reaction is demonstrated. The reaction conditions tolerate the typical functionality required for solubilization of cycloaromization based on polycyclic aromatic compounds and allow the large-scale preparation of technologically important fused aromatic systems in generally good yield.

Advances in public health over the past century have led to dramatic improvements in longevity and quality of life in the United States [1]. Advances in nutrition, including research in [...]

ABSTRACT Advances in genetics are occurring at a pace that challenges our ability to understand and respond to the implications. Soon we will be able to define more precisely the [...]

It has been possible to prepare two functionalized pentacene derivatives and to study the impact of this functionalization on the solid-state ordering and the electronic characteristics of the resulting chemicals. There was found to be substantial conductivity improvement by controlling the arrangement of the molecules in the solid state.

Author(s): David L. Eaton [1]; William F. Greenlee [2] Sir Marcello Lotti and Pierluigi Nicotera, in their Concepts essay on toxicology (Nature 416, 481; 2002), raise important issues about the [...]