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Byline: William H. Branson (1) Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Economics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544-1021 Article History: Registration Date: 08/10/2004

LOTHIAN BOOKS, SOUTH MELBOURNE, 2002 In the Western World, the suitcase evokes expectations of the exotic or the new. Magazine and television advertisements bombard us with smiling people on white, [...]

Byline: Rosanna Di Paola (1), Marta Menegazzi (2), Emanuela Mazzon (1), Tiziana Genovese (1), Concetta Crisafulli (3), Martina Dal Bosco (1,2,3,4), Zhenzhen Zou (4), Hisanori Suzuki (2), Salvatore Cuzzocrea (1,3,5) Keywords: Ischemia--reperfusion injury; Glycyrrhizin; Reactive oxygen species; Oxidative stress; Polymorphonuclear leukocytes; Cytokines Abstract: Purpose This study investigated the effects of glycyrrhizin, a potent antioxidant, on tissue injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the gut. Methods I/R injury of the intestine was caused by clamping both the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk for 45 min followed by release of the clamp allowing reperfusion for 1 or 6 h. Results Administration of glycyrrhizin, significantly reduced the (a) fall of mean arterial blood pressure, (b) mortality rate, (c) myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, (d) production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (TNF-[alpha]) and interleukin-1[beta] (IL-1[beta])], (e) histological evidence of gut injury, (f) immunoreactivity of nitrotyrosine, (g) poly ADP-ribose (PAR) formation, (h) the expression of ICAM-1 and P-selectin, (i) activation of nuclear factor-IoB (NF-IoB) and (j) signal transducer and activator transcription-3 (STAT-3) induced by splanchnic artery occlusion--reperfusion shock. Conclusions This study demonstrates that glycyrrhizin exerts multiple protective effects in splanchnic artery occlusion--reperfusion shock. Author Affiliation: (1) IRCCS Centro Neurolesi 'Bonino-Pulejo', Messina, Italy (2) Biochemistry Division, Department of Neuroscience and Vision, University of Verona, Verona, Italy (3) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, 98123, Messina, Italy (4) Minophagen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (5) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98100, Messina, Italy Article History: Registration Date: 08/10/2008 Received Date: 09/04/2008 Accepted Date: 04/10/2008 Online Date: 25/10/2008

Byline: Elvio Dal Bosco (1) Keywords: instability; reserve currency; liquidity; exchange rate Abstract: This paper analyzes whether currency instability results from official reserves management, as central banks strive to minimize risk, keep a degree of liquidity degree, minimize risk, and a good return on their portfolio. In recent years the dollar share in official reserves increased, at the expense of the Deutsche mark and yen. The evidence suggests that movements in the exchange rate exert the only influence on reserve currency shares the long-term interest rate does not have a significant impact on reserves composition. These results confirm the World Gold Council thesis, according to which central banks, by investing excess reserves in short-terms assets, are believed to have optimized their portfolio return. Author Affiliation: (1) Via del Duomo, 8, 05018, Orvieto, Italy Article History: Registration Date: 08/10/2004

Research describing the effect of different cooking procedures on the dietary quality of rabbit meat is presented. In particular the effect of vitamin E enrichment is investigated.

Set in a small Italian village in 1970, Maddalena Vaglio Tanet's newly released debut novel, Untold Lessons (2024), tells the story of schoolteacher Silvia who, plagued by guilt after the [...]

Byline: L. Gautam Key words: Body weight, growth pattern, Kadaknath, Non-linear models INTRODUCTION Domestication of chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) began around 9,900 B.C. (Sawai et al., 2010), and today chickens [...]

Byline: I. Custura, M. Tudorache, A. Gheorghe, N.A. Lefter, M. Habeanu, G.V. Bahaciu, A.D. Suler and I. Raducuta Keywords: organic, carcass, growth performance, nutrient concentrations, meat composition. INTRODUCTION Poultry meat [...]

UNTOLD LESSONS MADDALENA VAGLIO TANET Translated by Jill Foulston 272pp. Pushkin Press. 16.99 [pounds sterling]. In 1972 a twelve-year-old girl leapt from her bedroom window into the River Cervo, directly [...]

Byline: M. S. Rehman, A. Mahmud, S. Mehmood, T. N. Pasha, J. Hussain, M. T. Khan, M. Shafiq, M. I. Abbas and M. A. Akram Keywords: Aseel chicken, Reproductive performance, [...]

Abstract: Il saggio riprende un tema piu volte, e secondo diverse prospettive, trattato da altri studiosi: il rapporto tra Giacomo Leopadi e il Romanticismo. Il poeta di Recanati fu un [...]

Monoammonim glycyrrhizate (MAG) derived from licorice has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Chemokines are vital inflammatory mediators that are involved with endothelial damage from leukocyte infiltrates in various inflammatory skin diseases. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of MAG on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced chemokine production in a human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). HMEC-1 cells were treated with TNF-α, with or without MAG. The results showed that MAG suppressed TNF-α- induced chemokine (including CXCL8, CX3CL1, and CXCL16) mRNA expression in HMEC-1 cells, in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced the secretion of these chemokines in culture supernatant. Moreover, endothelial activation in the presence of MAG blocked the chemotactic activities of TNF-α-stimulated HMEC-1 cell supernatant on the migration of primary neutrophils and primary monocytes. In addition, Western blot and immunofluorescence data revealed that MAG inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-KB p65 (NF-κB p65). It is the first report to demonstrate that MAG suppresses TNF-α-induced chemokine production in HMEC-1 cells, and that the mechanism may be inhibiting the translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus to prevent the starting of inflammatory signaling pathway. Our results revealed that MAG is a potential anti-inflammatory agent capable of improving inflammatory skin diseases. Key words: anti-inflammatory, neutrophils, monocytes, inflammatory skin diseases. On a montre que le monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (MAG) derive de la reglisse possede une activite antiinflammatoire. Les chimiokines sont des mediateurs inflammatoires importants impliques dans l'infiltration leucocytaire et le dommage endothelial qui surviennent dans differentes maladies inflammatoires de la peau. Dans cette etude, les effets antiinflammatoires et les mecanismes d'action du MAG sur la production de chimiokines induite par le facteur necrosant des tumeurs-α (TNF-α) chez une lignee cellulaire endotheliale dermique humaine (HMEC-1) ont ete examines. Les cellules HMEC-1 ont ete traitees au TNF-α en presence ou non de MAG. Les resultats ont montre que le MAG supprimait l'expression de l'ARNm de chimiokines (incluant CXCL8, CXCL3 et CXCL16) chez les cellules HMEC-1 en fonction de la concentration et qu'elle reduisait la secretion de ces chimiokines dans le surnageant de culture. De plus, l'activation endotheliale en presence de MAG bloquait l'activite chimiotactique du surnageant de culture des HMEC-1 stimulees par le TNF-α quant a la migration des neutrophiles et des monocytes primaires. En outre, des donnees obtenues en buvardage Western et en immunofluorescence ont revele que le MAG inhibait la translocation nucleaire de la sous-unite p65 du facteur de transcription NF-κB. Il s'agit du premier rapport qui demontre que le MAG supprime la production de chimiokines induites par le TNF- α chez les cellules endotheliales, et que le mecanisme d'action peut etre lie a l'inhibition de la translocation de la sous- unite p65 du NF-κB dans le noyau afin de prevenir le declenchement de la voie de signalisation inflammatoire. Les resultats des auteurs ont revele que le MAG pourrait constituer un agent anti-inflammatoire puissant capable d'ameliorer les maladies inflammatoires de la peau. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : anti-inflammatoire, neutrophiles, monocytes, maladies inflammatoires de la peau., Introduction The recruitment of leukocytes in the perivascular region is fundamental to normal physiology and host defense. However, in some pathological conditions, such as in the inflammatory process, leukocyte accumulation [...]

This study investigated nutrient and faecal microbe (Escherichia coli) loss in surface runoff following application of dairy manure slurry to intact soil monoliths. Time between manure slurry application and first simulated rainfall event varied from 0 to 20 days. Manure slurries of varying dry matter (DM) content, ranging from 3 to 14%, were also investigated. Results indicated that phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and E. coli concentrations decreased with time since application because of chemical and physical breakdown of the manure. Greatest risk to water quality occurred when rainfall was received within 2 days of manure slurry application. When the period between manure slurry application and first rainfall event was ≥ 10 days, concentrations of N, P and faecal microbes was generally similar to those from dairy grazed pasture. Variation in slurry DM content appears to have little effect on measured runoff concentrations. Results suggest that manure slurries should be applied ≥ 2 days before rainfall events likely to cause surface runoff in order to limit nutrient and faecal microbe loss when applying manure slurries. Additional keywords: dairy manure slurries, faecal microbe loss, land application, nutrient loss, surface runoff., Introduction Intensification of agricultural production systems and associated losses of nutrients, sediment and faecal microbes are often closely linked with declining water quality. Agricultural manure slurries are a significant source [...]