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Objective To determine if cesarean delivery is adversely associated with child neurodevelopment as measured at 20 months and 7 years. Methods In a prospective cohort study (n = 1328) in the Republic of Seychelles, we examined the association between mode of delivery and 22 measures of child neurodevelopment spanning multiple domains: cognition, executive and psychomotor function, language development, behavior, scholastic achievement, and social communication. Using multivariable linear regression, we evaluated the relationship between delivery mode (Cesarean/vaginal delivery) and each developmental outcome, while controlling for relevant covariates including child sex and age, maternal age, maternal IQ, whether both parents lived with the child, and Hollingshead socioeconomic status. Results At 20 months, children born via cesarean delivery had slightly higher scores ([beta] = 0.11, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.21) on the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised Positive Affectivity/Surgency subtest, a measure of infant temperament, as compared to vaginal delivery. Delivery mode was not associated with any of the 7-year developmental outcomes. Conclusions for Practice Our study does not support the notion that cesarean delivery is associated with child neurodevelopmental outcomes., Author(s): Alexis Zavez [sup.1] , Sally W. Thurston [sup.1] [sup.2] , Matthew D. Rand [sup.2] , Daniel W. Mruzek [sup.3] , Tanzy Love [sup.1] , Tristram Smith [sup.3] , Conrad [...]

ABSTRACT Background: A number of antiviral therapies have evolved that may be effectively administered to treat respiratory viral diseases. But these therapies are very often of limited efficacy or have [...]

G. S. Dell, K. D. Reed, D. R. Adams, and A. S. Meyer (2000) proposed a 'breadth-of-constraint' continuum on phoneme errors, using artificial experiment-wide constraints to investigate a putative middle ground between local and language-wide constraints. The authors report 5 experiments that test the idea of the continuum and the location of the experiment-wide constraints within it. Experiments 1 and 2 replicated the fundings of Dell et al. on the experiment-wide constraints but showed only chance adherence to the local positional constraints. Experiment 3 showed that the latter constraints are uniquely affected by the form of practice used. Experiments 4 and 5 investigated the time course and robustness of the experimental constraints by reversing them during testing. This caused no difficulty when occurring between blocks (Experiment 4) but caused short-lived disruption when occurring within block (Experiment 5). The authors propose that the results do not support the idea of a continuum, but that the experiment-wide constraints reflect a local biasing of language-wide constraints, probably related to the need for rapid learning.

Research has been conducted on tris-glycinatocobalate(II) complex. The authors have investigated the efficacy of this complex as chloride shift reagent using (super)35 Cl (super) NMR spectroscopy.

Research has been conducted on octasaccharide with dimeric Le (super)x oligosaccharide structure. The synthesis of this compound found in PSGL-1 carbohydrate chains has been carried out via the use of several approaches including stereoselective and regioselective glycosylation procedures, and the details are reported.