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ABSTRACT A method exists to predict heavy-duty vehicle fuel economy and emissions over an 'unseen' cycle or during unseen on-road activity on the basis of fuel consumption and emissions data [...]

ABSTRACT Models of diesel engine emissions such as oxides of nitrogen ([NO.sub.x]) are valuable when they can predict instantaneous values because they can be incorporated into whole vehicle models, support [...]

ABSTRACT The Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES) program required the use of representative heavy-duty diesel engine activity. This need resulted in an engine test schedule creation program, and a schedule [...]

ABSTRACT The Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES) has the objective of characterizing the emissions and assessing the possible health impacts of the 2007-2010 heavy-duty diesel engines and their control systems. [...]

ABSTRACT Idle emissions data from 19 medium heavy-duty diesel and gasoline trucks are presented in this paper. Emissions from these trucks were characterized using full-flow exhaust dilution as part of [...]

Each May, red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) congregate in Delaware Bay during their northward migration to feed on horseshoe crab eggs (Limulus polyphemus) and refuel for breeding in the Arctic. [...]

Many migratory birds use staging sites to gain essential resources to fuel their ongoing migration. Understanding staging strategies reveals much about migration systems and is essential if one is concerned with monitoring population trends and mass gains, two of the principal methods for assessing the 'health' of a migratory population. In spring 2004, we investigated the staging behavior in Delaware Bay of Red Knot (Calidris canutus) using mark--recapture techniques and resightings of birds marked in the preceding spring. Individuals staged for 11-12 days, which declined to 8-10 days late in the season. Arrivals were asynchronous, but departures tended to be synchronized. A simple sensitivity analysis showed that the mark-recapture analysis estimated length of stay to within +10% and confirmed biases in monitoring trends and mass gains using peak counts and mass-on-date regressions. Alternative methods using staging duration to estimate passage population size and mass gains were shown to be unbiased. Using these methods, we estimated a passage population size in 2004 of 18,000 Red Knot that arrived at an average mass of 111 g and, on average, gained mass at 7.2 g [day.sup.-1]. Thus, in 2004, the passage population was substantially smaller than the recent peak count of 50,360 in 1998, which confirms a significant decline in the number of Red Knot staging in Delaware Bay. Use of refined techniques such as these is essential if management decisions such as those in Delaware Bay are to be based on firm scientific advice. Key words: Calidris canutus, Delaware Bay, mark-recapture models, mass gain, passage population size, Red Knot, staging ecology, turnover.

ABSTRACT The two main propulsion engines on Staten Island Ferry Alice Austen (Caterpillar 3516A, 1550 hp each) were fitted with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment technology to reduce emissions of [...]

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00811.x Byline: NIGEL CLARK (1) Keywords: cosmopolitanism; nomadism; estrangement; deterritorialization; deep time; environmental change; Australia Abstract: Abstract The current drought in Australia raises questions about the extent to which urban life depends on physical forces that come with their own dynamics and eccentric rhythms. I suggest that currently deepening understandings of the inherent volatility of earth processes might help us appreciate the accomplishments of those who have stayed in place for hundreds or thousands of years: peoples whose 'nomadic' journeys through deep time have taken them through major bio- or geo-physical transformations in their environments. In this way, we might learn to recognize how most urban or settled life inherits terrains whose irregularities and extremes have been softened by the efforts of these prior inhabitants. In a world where we can expect major environmental changes to induce new waves of estrangement and displacement, I ask whether a sense of the immeasurable debt which we owe to those people who came before us might help inspire the kind of cosmopolitan sensibilities we would hope for. Resume La secheresse que connait actuellement l'Australie pousse a se demander dans quelle mesure la vie urbaine depend de forces physiques qui obeissent a leur rythme excentrique et a leur dynamique propre. En approfondissant notre comprehension de la nature ephemere de la Terre, nous pourrions mieux apprecier les realisations de ceux qui se sont implantes pendant des centaines ou des milliers d'annees : des peuples que leur 'nomadisme' par des temps recules a fait traverser les grandes mutations biophysiques et geophysiques de leur environnement. Ainsi, nous pourrions apprendre a reconnaitre comment la vie urbaine ou sedentaire herite en grande partie de terrains dont les irregularites et les exces ont ete attenues par les efforts de ces habitants anterieurs. Dans un monde ou nous pouvons nous attendre a ce que des changements environnementaux considerables provoquent de nouvelles vagues d'eloignement et de deplacement, la perception de l'incommensurable dette redevable a ces peuples arrives avant nous pourrait peut-etre inspirer le genre de sensibilites cosmopolites que nous pourrions esperer. Author Affiliation: (1)Faculty of Social Sciences, The Open University, UK Article note: Nigel Clark (n.h.clark@open.ac.uk), Faculty of Social Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.

ABSTRACT As part of the Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study, relatively large fleets of gasoline vehicle[s.sup.53] and diesel vehicle[s.sup.34] were tested on a chassis dynamometer to develop chemical source profiles for [...]

ABSTRACT The U.S. Department of Energy Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study examined the sources of uncertainties in using an organic compound-based chemical mass balance receptor model to quantify the contributions of [...]

ABSTRACT Heavy-duty diesel vehicle idling consumes fuel and reduces atmospheric quality, but its restriction cannot simply be proscribed, because cab heat or air-conditioning provides essential driver comfort. A comprehensive tailpipe [...]

ABSTRACT With the advent of hybrid electric vehicles, computer-based vehicle simulation becomes more useful to the engineer and designer trying to optimize the complex combination of control strategy, power plant, [...]

ABSTRACT Societal and governmental pressures to reduce diesel exhaust emissions are reflected in the existing and projected future heavy-duty certification standards of these emissions. Various factors affect the amount of [...]

The Detroit Diesel Corporation produces two popular diesel fuel engines that have been used in a case-study. The study examines emissions data from two transportable chassis dynamometer laboratories formed and run by the West Virginia University. A subset of this information on heavy-duty vehicles, including buses, has been used for the last seven years.

Genetic engineering is the latest expression of the desire to control environment, but Ulrich Beck would see this as the culmination of human arrogance and Jean Baudrillard would treat these efforts as a compulsive desire to overachieve. Panic ecology can be described as nature being forced to the edge of a nervous breakthrough, and social theory has not yet developed to the point where it can account for the destruction, much less the resurrection, of nature.

New techniques in the simulation of nature are giving computer-generated environments a more organic appearance. In particular, developments in 'artificial life' modelling promise to populate future cyberspaces with diverse, autonomous beings. This can be viewed as an impending estrangement from 'real' nature, but we might better conceive of virtual natures as a culmination of a lengthy Western tradition of representing the natural world in increasingly exuberant two- and three-dimensional forms. It is suggested that the ecology movement is implicated in the ascendance of simulated nature, and must come to terms with the 'reality' of mediation, rather than privileging the notion of unmediated, 'primordial' nature. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

NMR analysis of the solution structure of the HIV matrix protein p17 and a subsequent search of the Brookhaven protein structure database reveals the similarity between p17 and the immune modulator interferon-gamma. The p17 structure has four helices linked by short loops and an irregular mixed beta-sheet that has a positively charged surface that interacts with the inner layer of the membrane. The unique helical topology shared by p17 and interferon-gamma has implications for p17 dimerization as an early step in virus organization.

The theories about the dynamical characteristics of the solar system, galaxy and universe, develops the ideas of an ex-orbitant globality that treats the earth as a system in active and ongoing interchange with its cosmic environment. The openness to the cosmos to further other-than-human influences has repercussions for the way it is responded to environmental change injecting an element of abyssal undecidability into all deliberations.

The negative and positive impact of the fauna of New Zealand is discussed; the cause of deaths due to the fauna and the death of the fauna is presented in details. Over the last few decades there was a marked resurgence of wildlife around the edges of settlements and even in suburbia.

Colonization that is a convergence of environmental and cosmopolitan sensibilities is discussed. Environmental cosmopolitan that tends to re-enact the conventional binary of passive nature and dynamic culture is also described.

This paper examines the design and operation of a generation system that utilizes a linear crankless internal combustion engine in conjunction with a linear alternator. This system directly utilizes the linear motion of the piston to drive the alternator rather than first converting to rotary motion. The result is a more compact, reliable, and efficient unit as the system has only one moving part, making the system ideal for use in series hybrid electric vehicles. This paper describes the overall system design as well as the subsystems including the engine and alternator. A dynamic simulation is then presented which utilizes the model developed to determine the output characteristics of the system. The prototype system was successfully tested, and experiment results are also included. Index Terms -- Auxiliary power unit (APU), hybrid electric vehicles, linear alternator, linear engine.