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The study of flower structure is essential in plant identification and in understanding sexual reproduction in plants, pollination syndromes, plant breeding, and fruit structure. Thus, study of flower structure and construction of floral formulae are standard parts of first-year university botany and biology courses. These activities involve developing a complex set of skills, and it is useful for students to review this material after practical sessions. The Virtual Floral Formula Web site provides students with a unique resource for practicing their floral structure interpretation skills. The site provides detailed dissection photographs of the flowers of 12 species, and floral formulae are progressively assembled via drop-down menus. When students are satisfied with their answers, they submit them, and any discrepancies from the 'official' formula are highlighted. Students appreciate the interactivity of the application, the feedback they receive on any inaccuracies in their formulae, and the ability to make progressive improvements in their skills. Key Words: Flower; floral; structure; formula; formulae; virtual; dissection., Flowers and their resulting fruits are a distinguishing feature of the angiosperms. Flower structure is a core component of biology and botany curricula across the globe and is studied at [...]

Corporate failure exposes employees to the possible loss of sums due as deferred benefits such as arise from annual leave entitlements. Through such deferred benefits, employees are significant, often involuntary, providers of working capital to their employer. They are not necessarily adequately compensated for the risk involved, nor able to influence corporate governance in the ways available to other creditors. These issues have been largely neglected in the debate to date, and they provide the focus for an evaluation of alternative policies which have been proposed (or implemented) for protecting employee entitlements.

The delay which occurred in the mechanization of agriculture in the Southern US, primarily cotton and sugarcane, has been described in both supply-side and demand-side economic terms. The technical difficulties facing the effective harvesting of these crops indicate the greater validity of the supply-side argument, due to the great expense in developing such technology in the 19th century. Several efforts to develop such technology are analyzed in support of this theory, including the experience in Queensland, Australia.

Research into the origins of zero-based budgeting is presented. Possible explanations for the emergence of zero-based budgeting in the pre-1920 period are discussed.