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Author(s): Kinjal Chaudhary [1]; Neeta Bose [2]; Dhara Tanna (corresponding author) [1]; Anup Chandnani [1] INTRODUCTION Severe pain associated with proximal femur fracture makes spinal anaesthesia in a sitting position [...], Background and Aims: Femoral nerve block is a widely used analgesia technique for positioning before spinal anaesthesia for proximal femur fracture surgeries. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block is a newer technique with motor-sparing characteristics. We compared the analgesic efficacy of these blocks for patient positioning for spinal anaesthesia. Methods: In this study, 60 patients were randomised to either the PENG group (n = 30) or the femoral group (n = 30). After performing the block, the pain was assessed every 10 min using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score for 30 min. The primary objective was the median [interquartile range (IQR)] reduction in pain (dynamic VAS with 15-degree passive limb elevation) at 30 min. Secondary objectives were ease of spinal position score (EOSP), angle obtained during positioning, duration of postoperative analgesia and quadriceps weakness. Results: The demographics were comparable in both groups. After 30 min, the median (IQR) VAS was 6 (5-7) in the PENG group and 5 (5-6) in the femoral group (P = 0.004). Secondary outcomes such as EOSP score and angle obtained by patients were comparable. In the postoperative period, patients had significantly lower pain in the PENG group compared to the femoral group. The duration of analgesia was prolonged with PENG block. Quadriceps weakness was significantly low with PENG block (P < 0.001). Conclusion: PENG block provides better analgesia than a femoral block before spinal anaesthesia for proximal femur fracture surgery. The postoperative duration of analgesia was also longer. Keywords: Anaesthesia, femoral nerve block, hip fractures, nerve blocks, pain management, pericapsular nerve group block, PENG, spinal anaesthesia

Author(s): Shaji A. Manuel [1]; Dhara B. Tanna (corresponding author) [1]; Heena K. Patel [1]; Neeta Bose [1] INTRODUCTION Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a necessary life-saving skill for all medical [...], Background and Aims: Medical professionals must be able to perform life-saving skills like cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during emergency situations, even outside the hospital. The foundation course for the first-year medical students includes first aid and CPR training. This quasi-experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of basic cardiac life support (BCLS) training based on Indian guidelines, on the self-confidence and knowledge regarding CPR of first-year medical students. Methods: This study was conducted during the foundation course for first-year medical students. The training included a common lecture for all the students followed by a 4 day long practical training in groups of 45-46 students, each day. BCLS training was carried out in three skill stations - airway, chest compressions and full sequence CPR. Students&apos; skills were recorded real time on a skill assessment manikin after completion of the hands-on training. The students were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding knowledge and self-confidence, before and after the training. The outcome measures were the difference in knowledge and self-confidence with regard to CPR before and after the training. Results: Out of the 199 students, 181 were included in the analysis. There was significant improvement in the knowledge score (pre-test - 1.46 versus post-test - 8.27, P < 0.001). The overall confidence regarding first aid skills, BCLS knowledge and self-confidence for performing BCLS improved significantly. Conclusion: There is improvement in knowledge and self-confidence regarding CPR and the students develop an acceptable level of skills after the training. Keywords: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, emergency treatment, foundation course, simulation training, undergraduate medical education