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To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00298.x Byline: Blair Beadnell (a), Sharon A. Baker (a), Mary Rogers Gillmore (b), Diane M. Morrison (a), Bu Huang (a), Sorrel Stielstra (a) Abstract: Although the majority of prevention efforts have focused on women, reduction of heterosexual transmission of STDs also requires interventions for men, necessitating understanding of men's safer sex decision making. In a random sample of 486 heterosexually active men, the theory of reasoned action (TRA) was used to predict intentions to use condoms with casual partners, as well as 2 steady-partner safer sex behaviors: mutual monogamy and condom use. The basic TRA model fit the data well. Expanded models identified the mediated (via attitudes, social norms, and self-efficacy) and, for some, direct effects on intentions and behavior of selected intrapersonal, interpersonal, and sociocultural variables. Results suggest that the role of external variables might vary depending on the behaviors in question. Author Affiliation: (a)School of Social WorkUniversity of Washington (b)School of Social Work, College of Public ProgramsArizona State University Article note: (2) Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Blair Beadnell, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 4101 15th Avenue, NE, Seattle, WA 98105-6299. E-mail: blairb@u.washington.edu

Generally, the Buddhist path to nirvana calls a person to leave the mundane life and live as a monk, a sage, or a saint who continually works toward the pure [...]

Research has been conducted on human group IIA secreted phospholipase A (sub)2. The preparation of phospholipase's H48Q and H48N mutants and the analysis of H48N and H48Q enzymes' activity are discussed.

Change in self-understanding of maladaptive interpersonal patterns has been an important mechanism of symptom change in theories of dynamic psychotherapy and has been specified as an important treatment outcome by psychotherapy clients. The current investigation evaluated the reliability and validity of a new self-report measure of Self-Understanding of Interpersonal Patterns (SUIP). The measure was administered to 3 clinical samples and a student sample. The measure demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and discriminant validity. The SUIP further demonstrated convergent validity with measures of analytical and self-improving personality traits in a clinical sample. Finally, there was significantly greater change in self-understanding in a dynamic psychotherapy as compared with a medication treatment condition, despite comparable symptom change across both treatment conditions.

The mutation of the interfacial valine of human secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) to a tryptophan was found to demonstrate the ability of this amphiphilic indole residue. The residue substantially improves the hydrolysis of zwitterionic interfaces found in the form of small unilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholine or cell membranes. Findings are in good agreement with the function of interfacial tryptophans of venom enzymes in permitting the penetration and hydrolysis of such condensed bilayers.

Human secretory group IIa phospholipase Asub2 (hIIa-PLAsub2) has high affinity for anionic surfaces such as anionic membranes. Site-directed mutagenesis of the protein was carried out to identify the cationic amino acid residues supporting binding to anionic membranes. Results suggest that electrostatic interactions between surface lysine and arginine residues and the interface contribute to interfacial hIIa-PLAsub2 binding to anionic vesicles.

The complex kinetic effects of gossypol and sulfated conjugates on phospholipid A2 activity were analyzed through quantitative determination of the primary rate and equilibrium constants for the catalytic turnover. Gossypol inactivated PLA2 through covalent modification of the alpha amino group at the amino terminal. Sulfated conjugates sequester the circulating PLA2 thereby altering the proteoglycan matrix which resulted in the loss of the regulatory role.

It appears that young children who drink a lot of fruit juice tend to be more obese and shorter than those who do not drink excessive amounts of fruit juice. The amount of fruit juice consumed, height, and weight were measured among 107 5-year-olds and 116 2-year-olds over a two-year period. Of the children who drank more than 12 oz of fruit juice daily, 42% were considered short for their age and sex and 53% were considered obese for their age and sex. Only 14% and 32% of the children who drank less than 12 oz of fruit juice daily fell into these ranges., Background. In a referral population of young children, excessive fruit juice consumption has been reported to be a contributing factor in nonorganic failure to thrive. Objective. To evaluate, in a population-based sample of healthy children, fruit juice consumption and its effects on growth parameters during early childhood. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. General primary care health center in upstate New York. Participants. One hundred sixteen 2-year-old children and one hundred seven 5-year-old children, who were scheduled for a nonacute visit, and their primary care taker/parent were recruited over a 2-year period. Measurements. For 168 children (ninety-four 2-year-old children and seventy-four 5-year-old children), mean dietary intake was calculated from 7 days of written dietary records, entered, and analyzed using the Minnesota Nutrition Data System. Height was measured using a Harpenden Stadiometer. Weight was measured using a standard balance beam scale. Results. The 2-year-old and 5-year-old children consumed, on average, 5.9 and 5.0 fl oz/day of fruit juice and 9.8 and 11.0 fl oz/day of milk, respectively. Nineteen children (11%) consumed [is greater than or equal to] 12 fl oz/day of juice. Forty-two percent of children consuming [is greater than or equal to] 12 fl oz/day of juice had short stature (height less than 20th sex-specific percentile for age) vs 14% of children drinking less than 12 fl oz/day of juice. Obesity was more common among children drinking [is greater than or equal to] 12 fl oz/day of juice compared with those drinking less juice: 53% vs 32% had a body mass index [is greater than or equal to] 75th age- and sex-specific percentile; 32% vs 9% had a body mass index [is greater than or equal to] 90th age- and sex-specific percentile; and 32% vs 5% had a ponderal index [is greater than or equal to] 90th age-specific percentile. After adjustment for maternal height, child age, child sex, and child age-sex interaction, children consuming [is greater than or equal to] 12 fl oz/day of juice, compared with those drinking less than 12 fl oz/day of juice, were shorter (86.5 vs 89.3 cm and 106.5 vs 111.2 cm for the 2-year-old and 5-year-old children, respectively) and more overweight (body mass index = 17.2 vs 16.3 kg/[m.sup.2] and ponderal index = 18.4 vs 16.8 kg/m3). Conclusions. Consumption of [is greater than or equal to] 12 fl oz/day of fruit juice by young children was associated with short stature and with obesity. Parents and care takers should limit young children's consumption of fruit juice to less than 12 fl oz/day. Pediatrics 1997;99:15-22; child nutrition, obesity, body height, fruit juice, beverages, diet, nutrition policy, growth disorders., ABBREVIATIONS. AAP, American Academy of Pediatrics; SAS, Statistical Analysis System; BMI, body mass index; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Fruit juice consumption by infants and young children has [...]

The research presents tests of traditional and augmented versions of Fishbein and Ajzen's Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), applied to condom use among adult clients of a sexually transmitted disease clinic. In a longitudinal survey, predictor variables suggested by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980), plus gender and condom use self-efficacy, were measured at Time 1. Condom use at Time 2, 3 months later, was regressed onto these variables. The traditional TRA worked well to predict condom use intentions and behavior. Support was also found for inclusion of gender and self-efficacy in the prediction of intention to use condoms, but not behavior. Implications for interventions to increase condom use among those at high risk for AIDS and other STDs are discussed.

This paper reports on sexual behavior, knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (including AIDS) and condoms, and condom use among African-American and white incarcerated adolescents in Seattle, Washington. One hundred nineteen adolescents in a juvenile detention facility completed questionnaires that assessed their lifetime and recent sexual behaviors, an objective test of disease and condom knowledge, attitudes and norms regarding condom use with steady and casual partners, prior condom use, and intentions to use condoms. The results indicate that these adolescents are at high risk by a number of indicators: They have a high average number of partners, have unprotected vaginal and anal sex, and many have sex with known or suspected drug users. Their overall knowledge of condoms and sexual transmitted diseases risks is high, but high knowledge is not correlated with positive attitudes; for one attitude measure, high knowledge is significantly correlated with negative attitudes toward condom use. These findings suggest that programs designed solely to increase knowledge are unlikely to effect behavior change.

A social learning model of pain perception and tolerance was evaluated. Responses to cold-pressor pain were examined in 4 groups of 20 Ss each. One group was given instruction in cognitive coping strategies, the 2nd was given a monetary incentive contigent on tolerance time, the 3rd was given both cognitive training and monetary reinforcement, and a no-treatment control group was given neither. Incentive and coping instructions significantly increased tolerance but did not alter pain perception. A path analysis indicated that pain tolerance was affected but by self-efficacy, which in turn was predicted by pain expectancy and the provision of incentives. Incentive also had an impact on tolerance that was independent of self-efficacy. Pain perception was strongly affected by pain expectancy, but was unrelated to self-efficacy.

The synthesis of enantioenriched allenes utilizing a Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of propargylic carbonates and phosphates with alkenyl trifluoroborates is described. Di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted allenes were synthesized in moderate to high optical yields and several racemic allenes possessing various functional groups were also synthesized.

Contrary to the previous report on the association between alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and L-lactate dehydrogenase, the results of this research shows that there is no detectable NADH-modulated association between the two enzyme systems.