17 results on '"Albonico, Marco"'
Search Results
2. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm
- Author
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Bethony, Jeffrey, Brooker, Simon, Albonico, Marco, Geiger, Stefan M., Loukas, Alex, Diemert, David, and Hotez, Peter J.
- Subjects
Helminthiasis -- Causes of ,Helminthiasis -- Complications and side effects ,Helminthiasis -- Control ,Developing countries -- Health aspects ,Helminths -- Health aspects ,Helminths -- Environmental aspects ,Worms, Intestinal and parasitic -- Health aspects ,Worms, Intestinal and parasitic -- Environmental aspects ,Host-parasite relationships -- Research - Published
- 2006
3. Low-dose daily iron supplementation for 12 months does not increase the prevalence of malarial infection or density of parasites in Young Zanzibari children
- Author
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Mebrahtu, Tsedal, Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Chwaya, Hababu M., Jape, Jape K., Savioli, Lorenzo, Montresor, Antonio, Albonico, Marco, and Tielsch, James M.
- Subjects
Iron in the body -- Health aspects ,Malaria -- Prevention ,Children -- Food and nutrition ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Abstract
Conflicting evidence exists on the possible role of iron supplementation in the predisposition to malaria infection or the enhancement of its clinical severity. Where anemia prevalence is > 40%, current guidelines are to provide low-dose daily iron to young children for up to 18 mo. Earlier studies used doses higher than the current guidelines, intermittent doses, or have supplemented for durations [less than or equal to] 4 mo. We aimed to assess the effect of low-dose, long-term iron supplementation on malaria infection using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design, and to examine possible subgroup effects by season and child age. The study was conducted in Pemba Island, Zanzibar, where Plasmodium falciparum malaria has year-round high transmission. A community-based sample of 614 children 4-71 mo old was randomly allocated to 10 mg/d iron or placebo for 12 mo. Outcome measures were the prevalence and density of malaria infection, which was assessed by blood films at monthly intervals. At baseline, 94.4% were anemic (hemoglobin < 110 g/L), 48.1% were stunted (height-for-age Z-score less than -2) and >80% had malaria-positive blood films. No significant differences in malariometric indices were observed between children in the iron-supplemented and placebo groups. Parasite density was higher in certain months and in younger children, but iron supplementation was not associated with any malarial infection outcome in any season or age subgroup. We conclude that in this environment of high malaria transmission, daily oral low-dose supplementation of iron for 12 mo did not affect the prevalence of malaria infection or parasite density. KEY WORDS: * malaria * iron * anemia * children * epidemiology
- Published
- 2004
4. Low dose daily iron supplementation improves iron status and appetite but not anemia, whereas quarterly anthelminthic treatment improves growth, appetite and anemia in Zanzibari preschool children
- Author
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Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Chway, Hababu M., Montresor, Antonio, Tielsch, James M., Jape, Jape Khatib, Albonico, Marco, and Savioli, Lorenzo
- Subjects
Food/cooking/nutrition - Abstract
Iron deficiency and helminth infections are two common conditions of children in developing countries. The consequences of helminth infection in young children are not well described, and the efficacy of low dose iron supplementation is not well documented in malaria-endemic settings. A 12-mo randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial of 10 mg daily iron and/or mebendazole (500 mg) every 3 mo was conducted in a community-based sample of 459 Zanzibari children age 6-71 mo with hemoglobin > 70 g/L at baseline. The trial was designed to examine treatment effects on growth, anemia and appetite in two age subgroups. Iron did not affect growth retardation, hemoglobin concentration or mild or moderate anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L or < 90 g/L, respectively), but iron significantly improved serum ferritin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin. Mebendazole significantly reduced wasting malnutrition, but only in children KEY WORDS: * anemia * iron * growth * appetite * helminths
- Published
- 2004
5. Clinical pallor is useful to detect severe anemia in populations where anemia is prevalent and severe
- Author
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Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Edward-Raj, Anbarasi, Dreyfuss, Michele L., Albonico, Marco, Montresor, Antonio, Thapa, Makar Dhoj, West, Keith P., Jr., Chwaya, Hababuu M., Savioli, Lorenzo, and Tielsch, James
- Subjects
Anemia -- Diagnosis ,Hemoglobin -- Health aspects ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Abstract
Clinical pallor is recommended as a simple way to detect severe anemia, but more data are needed on its accuracy and usefulness when assessed by nonphysicians in diverse settings. We measured hemoglobin and trained non-physician health workers to assess clinical pallor of the conjunctiva, palm and nail beds in five population samples in Nepal and Zanzibar, where severe anemia is common. In total, 5,760 individuals were examined, 3,072 of whom were anemic and 192 of whom had severe anemia (hemoglobin 84% specificity. However, the sensitivity varied from 81% in Nepalese postpartum women to 29% in Zanzibari preschoolers in 1996. Overall estimates for sensitivity and specificity were 50 and 92%, respectively. Although imperfect, use of pallor to screen and treat severe anemia by primary care providers is feasible and worthwhile where severe anemia is common. Usually, the majority of persons with severe anemia will be detected at practically no cost. Many people who are not severely anemic will also receive treatment, but the costs of this error are low compared to the benefits. KEY WORDS: humans; Zanzibar; Nepal; anemia; hemoglobin
- Published
- 1999
6. School-based deworming program yields small improvement in growth of Zanzibari school children after one year
- Author
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Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Albonico, Marco, Tielsch, James M., Chwaya, Hababu M., and Savioli, Lorenzo
- Subjects
Zanzibar -- Food and nutrition ,Child health services -- Africa ,Helminthiasis -- Africa ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Abstract
Efficacy trials of antihelminthic therapies conducted in Africa have reported improvements in children's growth, but nutritional evaluations of large-scale deworming programs are lacking. We evaluated the first-year effect on growth of a school-based deworming program in Zanzibar, where growth retardation occurs in school children. Children in four primary schools were given thrice-yearly mebendazole (500 mg) and compared with children in four schools that received twice-yearly mebendazole and children in four non-program schools. Evaluation schools were randomly selected and allocated to control, twice-yearly or thrice-yearly deworming. Approximately 1000 children in each program group completed the 1-y follow-up. Children < 10 y old gained 0.27 kg more weight (P < 0.05) and 0.13 cm more height (P = 0.20) in the twice-yearly group, and 0.20 kg more weight (P = 0.07) and 0.30 cm more height (P < 0.01) in the thrice-yearly group, compared with the control group. Children KEY WORDS: humans; Africa; growth; geohelminths; hookworms
- Published
- 1997
7. Linear growth retardation in Zanzibari school children
- Author
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Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Albonico, Marco, Tielsch, James M., Chwaya, Hababu M., and Savioli, Lorenzo
- Subjects
School children -- Food and nutrition ,Growth disorders -- Research ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Abstract
This paper describes the longitudinal changes in height and weight of children in school grades 13 on Pemba Island, Zanzibar, a poor rural population in which parasitic infections and anemia are highly prevalent. Heights and weights of children were measured at base line, and 6 and 12 mo later, and were compared with U.S. reference data. At base line, the prevalence of height-for-age Z-score < -2 rose from 14% in 7-y-old children to 83% in 13-y-old children. Prevalence of weight-for-age Z-score < -2 in children < 10 y was [approximately]10% or less. Median 6-mo height increments for Pembian boys were around the 5th percentile at age 8 and around the 10th percentile from age 9 to 13 y. Height increments for girls improved from below the 25th percentile to above the median in this age range. Based on the longitudinal yearly gains observed, boys accumulate a height deficit of 11.9 cm and girls 8.5 cm, relative to the reference population. In multivariate analyses, a small part of the variability in growth increments was explained by ascariasis and anemia (for weight gain) and schistosomiasis (for height gain). A review of other growth data from rural African Bantu populations provides supporting evidence that stunting occurs in older as well as younger children. It has been controversial whether school-based health and nutrition interventions could induce catch-up growth in already stunted children. Our results suggest that appropriate interventions might actually prevent stunting in late childhood. KEY WORDS: * Africa * school children * growth * stunting
- Published
- 1997
8. Hookworm control as a strategy to prevent iron deficiency
- Author
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Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Dreyfuss, Michele L., Chwaya, Hababuu M., and Albonico, Marco
- Subjects
Hookworm disease -- Care and treatment ,Iron deficiency anemia -- Prevention ,Anthelmintics -- Health aspects ,Dietary supplements -- Health aspects ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Abstract
A campaign to control hookworms while increasing the iron intake may help prevent iron deficiency in adults. Approximately one billion people are infested with hookworms which cause intestinal blood loss and adversely affect hemoglobin concentrations. Intermittent treatment with anthelmintics and supplementation of dietary iron has been proven effective. It is not yet known if hookworms are a major factor in iron deficiency in preschool children.
- Published
- 1997
9. Serum ferritin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin and hemoglobin are valid indicators of iron status of school children in a malaria-holoendemic population
- Author
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Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Chwaya, Hababu M., Albonico, Marco, Schulze, Kerry J., Savioli, Lorenzo, and Tielsch, James M.
- Subjects
School lunches -- Food and nutrition ,Iron deficiency diseases in children -- Research ,Malaria -- Research ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Published
- 1997
10. Effects of iron supplementation and anthelmintic treatment on motor and language development of preschool children in Zanzibar: double blind, placebo controlled study. (Papers)
- Author
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Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Kvalsvig, Jane D., Chwaya, Hababu M., Montresor, Antonio, Albonico, Marco, Tielsch, James M., Savioli, Lorenzo, and Pollitt, Ernesto
- Subjects
Zanzibar -- Health aspects ,Iron in the body -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects ,Anemia in children -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects ,Helminths -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects ,Worms, Intestinal and parasitic -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects ,Health ,Physiological aspects ,Health aspects - Abstract
Abstract Objective To measure the effects of iron supplementation and anthelmintic treatment on iron status, anaemia, growth, morbidity, and development of children aged 6-59 months. Design Double blind, placebo controlled [...]
- Published
- 2001
11. Effects of the Zanzibar school-based deworming program on iron status of children
- Author
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Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Albonico, Marco, Chwaya, Hababuu M., Tielsch, James M., Schulze, Kerry J., and Savioli, Lorenzo
- Subjects
Zanzibar -- Health aspects ,Iron deficiency anemia in children -- Prevention ,Hookworm disease -- Health aspects ,Food/cooking/nutrition ,Health - Published
- 1998
12. Epidemiology of iron deficiency anemia in Zanzibari schoolchildren: the importance of hookworms
- Author
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Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Chwaya, Hababu M., Tielsch, James M., Schulze, Kerry J., Albonico, Marco, and Savioli, Lorenzo
- Subjects
Iron deficiency anemia in children -- Demographic aspects ,Hookworm disease -- Complications ,Food/cooking/nutrition ,Health - Abstract
Anemia is estimated to affect one-half of school-age children in developing countries. The school years are an opportune time to intervene, and interventions must be based on sound epidemiologic understanding of the problem in this age group. We report on the distribution of iron deficiency and anemia across age, sex, anthropometric indexes, and parasitic infections in a representative sample of 3595 schoolchildren from Pemba Island, Zanzibar. Iron status was assessed by hemoglobin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP), and serum ferritin concentrations from a venous blood sample. Overall, 62.3% of children were anemic (hemoglobin [is less than] 110 g/L), 82.7% of anemia was associated with iron deficiency. The overall prevalence of iron-deficient erythropoiesis (EP [is greater than] 90 [Mu]mol/mol heme) was 48.5% and the prevalence of exhausted iron stores (serum ferritin [is less than] 12 [Mu]g/L) was 41.3% In bivariate analyses, iron status was slightly better in girls than in boys, and was better in children aged 7 -- 11 than in those older or younger. Hemoglobin but not EP or serum ferritin centrations were lower in stunted children. Infection with malaria, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, and hookworms were all associated with worse iron status; the association with hookworms was strongest by far. In multivariate analyses, hookworm infection intensity was the strongest explanatory variable for hemoglobin, EP, and serum ferritin. Sex, malarial parasitemia, A. lumbricoides infection, and stunting were also retained in the multivariate model for hemoglobin. Twenty-five percent of all anemia, 35% of iron deficiency anemia, and 73% of severe anemia were attributable to hookworm infection; [is less than] 10% of anemia was attributable to A. lumbricoides, malaria infection, or stunting. We conclude that anthelminthic therapy is an essential component of anemia control in schoolchildren in whom hookworms are endemic, and should be complemented with school-based iron supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:153-9.
- Published
- 1997
13. Hookworms, Malaria and Vitamin A Deficiency Contribute to Anemia and Iron Deficiency among Pregnant Women in the Plains of Nepal
- Author
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Dreyfuss, Michele L., Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Shrestha, Jaya B., Pradhan, Elizabeth K., LeClerq, Steven C., Khatry, Subarna K., Shrestha, Sharada R., Katz, Joanne, Albonico, Marco, and West, Keith P. Jr.
- Subjects
Nepal -- Health aspects ,Anemia -- Causes of ,Vitamin A deficiency -- Health aspects ,Hookworms -- Health aspects ,Malaria -- Health aspects ,Pregnant women -- Health aspects ,Iron in the body -- Health aspects ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Abstract
Anemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy are prevalent in developing countries, but their causes are not always known. We assessed the prevalence and severity of anemia and iron deficiency and their association with helminths, malaria and vitamin A deficiency in a community-based sample of 336 pregnant women in the plains of Nepal. Hemoglobin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) and serum ferritin were assessed in venous blood samples. Overall, 72.6% of women were anemic (hemoglobin [is less than] 110 g/L), 19.9% had moderate to severe anemia (hemoglobin [is less than] 90 g/L) and 80.6% had iron deficiency (EP [is greater than] 70 [micro]mol/mol heme or serum ferritin [is less than] 10 [micro]g/L). Eighty-eight percent of cases of anemia were associated with iron deficiency. More than half of the women (54.2%) had a low serum retinol concentration ([is less than] 1.05 [micro]mol/L), 74.2% were infected with hookworms and 19.8% had Plasmodium vivax malaria parasitemia. Hemoglobin, EP and serum ferritin concentrations were significantly worse and the prevalence of anemia, elevated EP and low serum ferritin was increased with increasing intensity of hookworm infection. Hookworm infection intensity was the strongest predictor of iron status, especially of depleted iron stores. Low serum retinol was most strongly associated with mild anemia, whereas P. vivax malaria and hookworm infection intensity were stronger predictors of moderate to severe anemia. These findings reinforce the need for programs to consider reducing the prevalence of hookworm, malaria infection and vitamin A deficiency where indicated, in addition to providing iron supplements to effectively control anemia. J. Nutr. 130: 2527-2536, 2000. KEY WORDS: * anemia * iron deficiency * pregnancy * Nepal
- Published
- 2000
14. Malaria, Hookworms and Recent Fever Are Related to Anemia and Iron Status Indicators in 0- to 5-y Old Zanzibari Children and These Relationships Change with Age
- Author
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Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Chwaya, Hababu M., Montresor, Antonio, Albonico, Marco, Savioli, Lorenzo, and Tielsch, James M.
- Subjects
Zanzibar -- Health aspects ,Hookworm disease -- Physiological aspects ,Malaria -- Physiological aspects ,Children -- Food and nutrition ,Hemoglobin -- Physiological aspects ,Anemia -- Physiological aspects ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Abstract
In Zanzibar and other tropical regions, iron deficiency, malaria and multiple helminth infections coexist. We addressed the following questions: 1) What are the predictors of low hemoglobin in Zanzibari preschool children? 2) Are indicators of iron statues informative in this population? 3) Does malaria modify the relation of iron indicators to hemoglobin? We used multivariate regression to analyze cross-sectional data from a community-based sample of rural Zanzibari children who were not ill (n = 490; 4-71 mo of age) in whom we assessed hemoglobin, serum ferritin (SF), erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP), serum transferrin receptor (TfR), recent fever, malaria parasitemia and helminth fecal egg counts. Of hemoglobin values, 80% were [is less than] 100 g/L and 15.5% were [is less than] 70 g/L. In children [is less than] 18 mo of age, 40.2% of hemoglobin values were [is less than] 70 g/L. Our primary findings were as follows: 1) In children [is less than] 30 mo old, hemoglobin was associated with malaria but not hookworms, whereas in children [is greater than or equal to] 30 mo, hemoglobin was related to hookworms but not malaria. In the younger age group, male sex and recent fever also predicted lower hemoglobin. 2) The three iron indicators were informative in this population but did not reflect only iron status. Malaria elevated SF in younger children and TfR and EP in both age groups. Fever elevated SF in older children and EP in both age groups, but not TfR. 3) Malaria modified the relation of all three indicators to hemoglobin. The relation of SF to hemoglobin was weak overall, and absent in malaria-infected children. EP and TfR were strongly related to hemoglobin, but this relation was attenuated by malaria. J. Nutr. 130: 1724-1733, 2000. KEY WORDS: * iron * anemia * malaria * children * helminth infection * nutrition assessment
- Published
- 2000
15. Clinical Pallor Is Useful to Detect Severe Anemia in Populations Where Anemia Is Prevalent and Severe
- Author
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Stoltzfus, Rebecca J., Edward-Raj, Anbarasi, Dreyfuss, Michele L., Albonico, Marco, Montresor, Antonio, Thapa, Makar Dhoj, West, Keith P. Jr, Chwaya, Hababuu M., Savioli, Lorenzo, and Tielsch, James
- Subjects
Zanzibar -- Social aspects ,Anemia -- Physiological aspects ,Hemoglobin -- Physiological aspects ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Abstract
Clinical pallor is recommended as a simple way to detect severe anemia, but more data are needed on its accuracy and usefulness when assessed by nonphysicians in diverse settings. We measured hemoglobin and trained non-physician health workers to assess clinical pallor of the conjunctiva, palm and nail beds in five population samples in Nepal and Zanzibar, where severe anemia is common. In total, 5,760 individuals were examined, 3,072 of whom were anemic and 192 of whom had severe anemia (hemoglobin [is less than] 70 g/L). The prevalence of pallor did not correspond to the prevalence of anemia or severe anemia in the groups studied. However, in all studies, pallor at each anatomical site was associated with a significantly lower hemoglobin concentration. The relative performance of different anatomical sites was not consistent among studies, and we recommend that multiple sites be assessed. Pallor at any of the three sites detected severe anemia with [is greater than] 84% specificity. However, the sensitivity varied from 81% in Nepalese postpartum women to 29% in Zanzibari preschoolers in 1996. Overall estimates for sensitivity and specificity were 50 and 92%, respectively. Although imperfect, use of pallor to screen and treat severe anemia by primary care providers is feasible and worthwhile where severe anemia is common. Usually, the majority of persons with severe anemia will be detected at practically no cost. Many people who are not severely anemic will also receive treatment, but the costs of this error are low compared to the benefits. J. Nutr. 129: 1675-1681, 1999. KEY WORDS: * humans * Zanzibar * Nepal * anemia * hemoglobin
- Published
- 1999
16. Treatment for intestinal helminth infection
- Author
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Michael, E, Bhargava, Alok, Bundy, Don, Cooper, Ed, Savioli, Lorenzo, Neira, Maria, Albonico, Marco, Beach, Michael J., Chwaya, Hababu Mohammed, Crompton, David W T, Dunne, John, Ehrenberg, John P., Gyorkos, Theresa, Kvalsvig, Jane, Taylor, Martin G., Zheng, Feng, Garner, Paul, Dickson, Rumona, Demellweek, Colin, Williamson, Paula, and Awasthi, Shally
- Subjects
Helminths -- Care and treatment ,Worms, Intestinal and parasitic -- Care and treatment ,Health ,Care and treatment - Abstract
Contrary to authors' comments, meta-analysis supports global helminth control initiatives EDITOR--Dickson et al's meta-analysis of the effects of treatment for intestinal helminth infection on growth and cognitive performance in children [...]
- Published
- 2000
17. Eliminating neglected diseases in Africa
- Author
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Hotez, Peter, Bethony, Jeff, Brooker, Simon, and Albonico, Marco
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Schistosomiasis -- Risk factors ,Schistosomiasis -- Care and treatment ,Helminthiasis -- Risk factors ,Helminthiasis -- Care and treatment ,Africa -- Health aspects - Published
- 2005
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