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Several studies are conducted to understand the reducing reaction of the [Fe.sub.3][O.sub.4] nanowires in various nanoscopic reactors of amorphous C:H nanotubes (a-CNTs), which are then used to analyze the chemical reaction mechanism in such reactors. The results show that the carbon in the a-CNT shell exhibit better reducing properties than hydrogen, which is not the case with a macroscopic system.

Reduction features of NO over a potassium-doped C12A7-[O.sup.-] catalyst were studied. The C12A7-[O.sup.-]/K catalyst shows good NO storage/reduction abilities with a good sulfur tolerance and the NO conversion and [N.sub.2] selectivity on the C12A7-[O.sup.-]/K catalyst depends on the sample temperature, percentage of potassium, the reduction agent and the composition in the mixture gases.

[Bi.sub.4-x][Eu.sub.x][Ti.sub.3][O.sub.12] (BEuT) ferroelectric thin films are prepared on SrTi[O.sub.3] (STO) substrates with different orientations by using chemical solution deposition and the effects of Eu ion concentration crystallographic orientation on the photoluminescent property are examined. The orientation dependent photoluminescence is attributed to low light scattering of well-aligned grains with c-axis oriented growth.