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This article examines the impacts of global neoliberalism and racial capitalism on fishing communities of Reconcavo da Bahia, specifically in the Remnant Community of Quilombo de Sao Braz. More particularly, it seeks to understand how men and women have been affected in different ways by transnational enterprises that affect their territories, productive activities, and identity processes, and how, consequently, they have developed forms of political organization that correspond to demands specific to each gender. Data for this article were collected through fieldwork carried out with the support of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ) and the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA), from 2010 to 2012, and thereafter on an interim basis until 2015. Este artigo examina os impactos do neoliberalismo global e do capitalismo racial em comunidades pesqueiras do Reconcavo da Bahia, sobretudo, na Comunidade Remanescente de Quilombo de Sao Braz. Mais particularmente, buscou-se entender como homens e mulheres tem sido afetados de forma distinta por empreendimentos transnacionais que incidem em seus territorios, suas atividades produtivas e processos identitarios; e como, em consequencia, estes tem desenvolvido formas de organizacao politica que correspondem a demandas especificas de cada genero. Os dados para este artigo foram coletados por meio de trabalho de campo realizado com o apoio do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) e do Ministerio do Desenvolvimento Agrario (MDA), entre os anos de 2010 a 2012, e, depois, de forma intercalada, ate 2015., Em 2010, quando esta pesquisa teve inicio, a Comunidade Remanescente do Quilombo de Sao Braz, situada no Reconcavo da Bahia, sofria a ameaca de ter seu territorio tradicional invadido por [...]

The aim of this article is to ground the initial development of conceptions of the Marxist theory of dependence in the heat of the political clash in Brazil between 1959 and 1967. Initially, the text focuses on the formation and development of the Organizacao Revolucionaria Marxista Politica Operaria through analysis of some political documents of the organization, and then focusing on the Programa Socialista para o Brasil of 1967, in order to highlight certain similarities of the political program with the central lines that would form part of the Marxist theory of dependence. At the end, the article raises a reciprocal relationship between the knowledge forged in the heat of the political struggle with those elaborated within the university, indicating the presence and re-elaboration of the conceptions of political organization in the initial works of the social scientists Theotonio dos Santos and Ruy Mauro Marini. O presente artigo tem por objetivo lastrear o desenvolvimento inicial das concepcoes sobre a teoria marxista da dependencia ainda no calor do embate politico no Brasil entre 1959 e 1967. Inicialmente, o texto se debruca sobre a formacao e desenvolvimento da Organizacao Revolucionaria Marxista Politica Operaria atraves da analise de alguns documentos politicos da organizacao, para em seguida, por em foco o Programa Socialista para o Brasil de 1967, de modo a destacar certas similaridades do programa politico com as linhas centrais que virao a compor a teoria marxista da dependencia. Ao final, o artigo levanta relacao reciproca entre os conhecimentos forjados no calor da luta politica com aqueles elaborados dentro da universidade, indicando a presenca e reelaboracao das concepcoes da organizacao politica nas obras iniciais dos cientistas sociais brasileiros Theotonio dos Santos e Ruy Mauro Marini., Retomando a literatura de avaliacao da controversia teorica da dependencia e comum encontrar referencias que centralizam o Chile como eixo de formacao desta nova corrente. Partindo desta centralizacao e estabelecida [...]

For decades Brazil has consistently presented poor educational outcomes compared to its Latin American neighbors. The literature suggests that elite-biased policies might be a cause of this lag. This article presents further evidence that educational policies pursued by Brazilian federal governments were elite biased in the period 1930-1964. Although primary schooling was the responsibility of state governments, a significant amount of tax revenues were in the hands of the federal government. Therefore, federal policies were important determinants of educational outcomes at all school levels. Evidence collected in speeches and in educational finance data show that Brazilian education policies tended to give little importance to primary education. In particular, the article shows that under the governments of Getulio Vargas and Juscelino Kubitschek, those most committed to the strategy of import substitution industrialization, education policies favored tertiary education for the elites at the expense of primary education for the masses. O Brasil tem apresentado, ao longo da historia, resultados educacionais pifios em relacao a seus vizinhos latino-americanos. A literatura sugere que uma possivel causa do atraso educacional tenha sido o vies elitista das politicas educacionais. Este trabalho traz novas evidencias de que as politicas educacionais conduzidas pelo governo federal foram elitistas no periodo 1930-1964. Embora o ensino primario fosse responsabilidade dos estados, grande parte das receitas tributarias estava sob o poder da Uniao. Assim, as politicas educacionais federais eram importantes para determinar os resultados em todos os niveis de ensino. As evidencias coletadas em discursos e em dados de financiamento educacional mostram que as politicas do periodo tenderam a dar pouca importancia ao ensino primario. Em particular, ha evidencias de que os governos de Getulio Vargas e Juscelino Kubitschek, os mais compromissados com a estrategia de industrializacao por substituicao de importacoes, privilegiaram o ensino superior, em detrimento do ensino primario para as massas., Introducao Em sua serie de trabalhos sobre as origens historicas das desigualdades entre as Americas, Stanley Engerman e Kenneth Sokoloff (1997, 2012) fazem poucas referencias ao Brasil. Por um lado, [...]

Introduction AFTER DECLARING INDEPENDENCE from European powers, states in the Americas struggled to find suitable forms of national organization. Groups supporting a confederated structure with a virtually powerless central authority [...]

Abstract. Augusto dos Anjos (b. Paraiba, 1884, d. Minas Gerais, 1914) was a very singular Brazilian poet. During his short life he was author of a single book (Eu, 1912), [...]

Nas primeiras decadas do seculo XX, o processo de construcao de nacionalidade de varios paises da America Latina ligou-se decisivamente as ciencias da natureza. Num novo momento de insercao no [...], Um desastroso exterminio de passaros ocorreu no Brasil durante as primeiras decadas do periodo republicano, quando o comercio de penas atingiu niveis estrondosos. Os primeiros protestos contra tal situacao vieram de naturalistas atuantes nos museus de ciencia brasileiros, atraves do delineamento de dois argumentos principais. Em primeiro lugar, esses cientistas criticavam um liberalismo permissivo do Estado Republicano, responsavel pelo abandono dos recursos naturais sem qualquer tipo de protecao. Em segundo lugar, tentavam persuadir os agricultores da utilidade dos passaros, na maioria insetivoros, e cuja preservacao seria absolutamente essencial para manter o equilibrio natural, um dos pre-requisitos para a continuidade do crescimento economico e para a construcao de uma Nacao moderna. Apos 1930, com a centralizacao politica promovida por Vargas, o argumento da utilidade dos passaros foi empregado no reforco de valores morais do regime autoritario, em representacoes antropomorficas do meio natural.

Summary A chloroform crude extract (aerial part) and two compounds, apigenin (1) and cynaropicrin (2), isolated from Moquinia kingii were evaluated against Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes in vitro. Antimicrobial activity was [...]

The communities of Costa da Lagoa (CLG) and Sao Joao do Rio Vermelho (SJRV) descend from immigrants of the Azores Archipelago (Portuguese), sub-saharan Africans, and Amerindians, and are principally European […]

An important part of the history of human populations has been written from information obtained with genetic studies at the protein level (Nei and Roychoudhury 1982, 1993; Cavalli-Sforza et al. [...], We compared data from individuals living in 4 African Venezuelan and 4 African Brazilian communities for 11 protein loci (551 subjects) and 8 hypervariable tandem repeat polymorphisms (252 subjects). There is heterogeneity in diversity within and between the two sets of loci. On the other hand, African-derived Brazilians and Venezuelans do not present marked variability differences between themselves. Although the hypervariable loci show gene diversities that are about four times higher than those obtained from the protein data, they are not more discriminative at the interpopulation level (averages 6% and 4%, respectively). Interpopulation differences do not strictly parallel the geographic distances between the groups, and population relationships obtained from the protein data are not the same as those indicated by hypervariable tandem repeat polymorphisms. Caution is needed in establishing relationships considering just one level of the biological hierarchy. KEY WORDS: GENE DIVERSITY, PROTEIN POLYMORPHISMS, TANDEM REPEAT POLYMORPHISMS, AFRICAN-DERIVED SOUTH AMERICANS

From the fifteenth to the nineteenth century a large number (about nine million) of Africans were brought to South America as slaves (Mattoso 1982). The slaves were never docile and [...], Data related to ten protein genetic loci expressed in blood obtained from four South American black populations were compared with data from seven African countries. Estimates of admixture among South American blacks were revised, and several indexes of gene diversity and genetic distances between the 11 populations were calculated. The admixture values and genetic relationships observed among the South American black communities conform well with those expected on historical grounds, and they show only moderate reductions in genetic diversity.

Z. ARPINI-SAMPAIO [1] M.C.B. COSTA [2] A.A. MELO [2] M.F.V.A. CARVALHO [2] M.S.M. DEUS [2] A.L. SIMOES [1] Abstract Unrelated individuals from 3 relatively isolated African-derived communities in the state [...]