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BACKGROUND: A major industrial fire accident occurred in a tire manufacturing factory in Daejeon, Korea, on 12 March 2023 and lasted for 3 d, generating air pollutant emissions. Although evidence regarding the health effects of urban fires is limited, residents near tire factory may have experienced health hazards due to smoke exposure from fire plumes. OBJECTIVES: Capitalizing on the timing of this fire incident as a natural experiment, we estimated the attributable excess air pollution exposure and associated disease development among residents living near the tire factory. METHODS: We used the generalized synthetic control method to estimate air pollution exposure and health burden attributable to the accident among residents living in smoke-exposed districts. Based on satellite images and air pollution monitoring results, three administrative districts (within 1.2 km from the factory) were defined as smoke-exposed, and the other 79 districts of Daejeon were defined as controls. Among the 11 monitoring stations in Daejeon, the station located 500 m from the factory was used to estimate excess air pollution exposure (P[M.sub.10], P[M.sub.2.5], N[O.sub.2], [O.sub.3], S[O.sub.2], and CO) for residents in the exposed districts. The number of daily district-level disease-specific incidence cases were acquired from the National Health Insurance Database and used to estimate excess health burden resulting from the fire. RESULTS: During the first week following the factory fire, residents of exposed districts had an estimated excess exposure to 125.2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 44.9, 156.7] [micro]g/[m.sup.3] of P[M.sub.10], 50.4 (95% CI: 12.7, 99.8) ppb of N[O.sub.2], and 32.0 (95% CI: 21.0, 35.9) ppb of S[O.sub.2]. We also found an average increase in the incidence cases of other diseases of upper respiratory tract [20.6 persons (95% CI: 6.2, 37.4)], lung disease due to external agents [2.5 persons (95% CI: 2.1, 3.3)], urticaria and erythema [5.9 persons (95% CI: --0.6, 11.2)], and episodic and paroxysmal disorders [8.5 persons (95% CI: 3.7, 13.4)] in exposed districts. DISCUSSION: Excessive air pollution exposure and disease incidence were identified among residents living close to the tire factory. Preventive measures, such as a warning system, to avoid health impacts to people breathing fire-related pollution may be beneficial for communities impacted by such events. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14115, Introduction A sudden fire occurred at a tire manufacturing factory in Daejeon, Korea, on 12 March 2023. The fire lasted for 58 h, burning 200,000 stored tires and causing a [...]

Just under 2.5 million people die annually due to alcohol use. This global estimate, however, excludes most of the health burden borne by others than the alcohol user. Alcohol's harm to others includes a multitude of conditions, such as trauma from traffic crashes, fetal disorders due to prenatal exposure to alcohol, as well as interpersonal and intimate partner violence. While alcohol's causal role in these conditions is well-established, alcohol's harm to others' contribution to the overall health burden of alcohol remains unknown. This knowledge gap leads to a situation in which alcohol policy and prevention strategies largely focus on the reduction of alcohol's detrimental health harms on the alcohol users, neglecting affected others and population groups most vulnerable to these harms, including women and children. In this article, we seek to elucidate why estimates for alcohol's harm to others are lacking and offer guidance for future research. We also argue that a full assessment of the alcohol health burden that includes the harm caused by others' alcohol use would enhance the visibility and public awareness of such harms, and advancing the evaluation of policy interventions to mitigate them. Chaque annee, un peu moins de 2,5 millions de deces sont lies a la consommation d'alcool. Cette estimation globale ne tient cependant pas compte de l'impact sur la sante de l'entourage des consommateurs d'alcool. Les mefaits de l'alcool sur les autres ont une multitude de consequences, parmi lesquelles des traumatismes dus aux accidents de la circulation, des anomalies fatales liees a une exposition prenatale a l'alcool, ainsi que des actes de violence interpersonnelle et entre partenaires. Bien que le role causal de l'alcool dans ces problematiques soit bien etabli, les repercussions de tels mefaits sur la sante dans son ensemble restent a determiner. Des lacunes qui aboutissent souvent a une situation dans laquelle les politiques et strategies de prevention se concentrent principalement sur la diminution des effets nefastes de l'alcool sur la sante des consommateurs eux-memes, negligeant les personnes qui les entourent et les categories de population les plus vulnerables, en particulier les femmes et les enfants. Dans cet article, nous tentons d'expliquer pourquoi il n'existe aucune estimation concernant les mefaits de l'alcool sur les autres et prodiguons des conseils pour de futures recherches. Nous plaidons aussi pour une analyse complete de la charge sanitaire imputable a l'alcool incluant les mefaits de l'alcool sur les autres, afin d'ameliorer la visibility et de mieux sensibiliser l'opinion publique a ces problematiques, mais aussi de faire progresser l'evaluation des interventions politiques entreprises pour y remedier. Cerca de 2,5 millones de personas mueren cada ano por el consumo de alcohol. Sin embargo, esta estimacion global excluye la mayor parte de la carga sanitaria que soportan personas que no son consumidores de alcohol. Los danos del alcohol a terceros incluyen multitud de afecciones, como los traumatismos por accidentes de trafico, los trastornos fetales debidos a la exposicion prenatal al alcohol, y la violencia interpersonal y de pareja. Aunque se sabe que el alcohol influye en estas afecciones, se desconoce la contribucion de los danos del alcohol a terceros a la carga sanitaria global que supone el alcohol. Esta falta de conocimiento conduce a una situacion en la que las estrategias de politica y de prevencion del alcohol se centran en gran medida en la reduccion de los danos perjudiciales del alcohol para la salud de los consumidores de alcohol, dejando de lado a los demas afectados y a los grupos de poblacion mas vulnerables a estos danos, incluidas las mujeres y los ninos. En este articulo, tratamos de dilucidar por que faltan estimaciones sobre los danos del alcohol en otras personas y ofrecemos orientaciones para futuras investigaciones. Tambien argumentamos que una evaluacion completa de la carga sanitaria del alcohol que incluya los danos causados por el consumo de alcohol de otras personas mejoraria la visibilidad y la concienciacion publica de esos danos, y haria avanzar la evaluacion de las intervenciones politicas para mitigarlos. [phrase omitted], Introduction Just under 2.5 million people die annually due to alcohol use. (1) This global estimate, however, excludes most of the health burden borne by others than the alcohol user. [...]

Author(s): Meshari Ahmed Alhadlaq[sup.1], Othman I. Aljurayyad[sup.1,2], Ayidh Almansour[sup.1], Saleh I. Al-Akeel[sup.1], Khaloud O. Alzahrani[sup.1], Shahad A. Alsalman[sup.1], Reham Yahya[sup.3,8], Rashad R. Al-Hindi[sup.4], Mohammed Ageeli Hakami[sup.5], Saleh D. Alshahrani[sup.6], Naif [...], Classification of pathogenic E. coli has been focused either in mammalian host or infection site, which offers limited resolution. This review presents a comprehensive framework for classifying all E. coli branches within a single, unifying figure. This approach integrates established methods based on virulence factors, serotypes and clinical syndromes, offering a more nuanced and informative perspective on E. coli pathogenicity. The presence of the LEE island in pathogenic E. coli is a key genetic marker differentiating EHEC from STEC strains. The coexistence of stx and eae genes within the bacterial genome is a primary characteristic used to distinguish STEC from other pathogenic E. coli strains. The presence of the inv plasmid, Afa/Dr adhesins, CFA-CS-LT-ST and EAST1 are key distinguishing features for identifying pathogenic E. coli strains belonging to EIEC, DAEC, ETEC and EAEC pathotypes respectively. Food microbiological criteria differentiate pathogenic E. coli in food matrices. 'Zero-tolerance' applies to most ready-to-eat (RTE) foods due to high illness risk. Non-RTE foods' roles may allow limited E. coli presence, which expose consumers to potential risk; particularly from the concerning Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains, which can lead to life-threatening complications in humans, including haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and even death in susceptible individuals. These findings suggest that decision-makers should consider incorporating the separate detection of STEC serotypes into food microbiological criteria, in addition to existing enumeration methods. Contamination of STEC is mainly linked to food consumption, therefore, outbreaks of E. coli STEC has been reviewed here and showed a link also to water as a potential contamination route. Since their discovery in 1982, over 39,787 STEC cases associated with 1,343 outbreaks have been documented. The majority of these outbreaks occurred in the Americas, followed by Europe, Asia and Africa. The most common serotypes identified among the outbreaks were O157, the 'Big Six' (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145), and other serotypes such as O55, O80, O101, O104, O116, O165, O174 and O183. This review provides valuable insights into the most prevalent serotypes implicated in STEC outbreaks and identifies gaps in microbiological criteria, particularly for E. coli non-O157 and non-Big Six serotypes. Keywords: Escherichia coli, STEC, O157, Big Six, Food poisoning, Epidemiology, Outbreaks, SFDA and Microbiological Criteria

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) bacteria are responsible for a spectrum of disease, ranging from simple to bloody diarrhea, and pose increased risk for severe complications, including hemolytic uremic syndrome [...]

Previous research has shown that depression is associated with adverse recovery outcomes following work-related musculoskeletal injury. Treatment outcome expectancies have also been shown to predict recovery trajectories following musculoskeletal injury. The present study examined the role of positive and negative treatment outcome expectancies as mediators of the relation between depressive symptoms and treatment outcome for individuals receiving physical therapy for a musculoskeletal injury. The study sample consisted of 153 individuals who had sustained a work-related musculoskeletal injury to the back or neck within 6 months of enrolment. Participants completed self-report measures of depressive symptom severity, pain severity, and treatment outcome expectancies prior to treatment; pain severity was assessed again after 4 weeks of treatment. The results of this study were consistent with previous research showing significant relations between depressive symptom severity, pain severity and treatment outcome expectancies. Bootstrapping mediation analyses separately assessed the mediating roles of positive and negative treatment outcome expectancies on the relation between depressive symptoms and pain severity. Findings revealed that positive treatment outcome expectancies mediated the relation between depressive symptoms and pain severity, whereas negative treatment outcome expectancies did not. Discussion addresses potential pathways through which positive treatment outcome expectancies might influence pain outcomes. The findings suggest that intervention techniques aimed at increasing positive treatment outcome expectancies, rather than decreasing negative treatment outcome expectancies, might contribute to better recovery outcomes for individuals experiencing pain and depressive symptoms following a work-related musculoskeletal injury., Author(s): Catherine Paré [sup.1] , Pascal Thibault [sup.1] , Junie S. Carriere [sup.2] , Michael J.L. Sullivan [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.14709.3b, 0000 0004 1936 8649, Department of Psychology, McGill [...]

This article will explore the historical account and political actualisation of Machiavelli and La Boetie in the work of Claude Lefort. In the 1970s, Lefort renewed the interpretation of Machiavelli and La Boetie by underlining their common 'radical humanism'. The long-overlooked insights into desire and social division of the two Renaissance thinkers underline the subversive potential of humanism against its common ideological and oligarchic uses. But the history of radical humanism cannot be separated from its topicality, as it is one of the germs of the democratic revolution. This radicalism echoes and inspires Lefort's agonistic theory of democracy. After Machiavelli and La Boetie, his work grapples with the continued dependency of the subjects on visible and invisible masters. Indeed, according to Lefort, contemporary societies long for certainty and remain haunted by servitude in the form of ideology (be it bourgeois, totalitarian or invisible). Keywords: Claude Lefort, conflict, democracy, ideology, La Boetie, Machiavelli, totalitarianism, voluntary servitude, 'But then, without unity, are we doomed to discord? We know Lefort's answer: to admit that the interplay of differences, that conflictuality, what he will call the 'original division of [...]

African horse sickness (AHS) is a fatal vector-borne disease affecting all species of equids. The disease has major economic consequences for the equine industry. The World Organisation for Animal Health [...]

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes illness ranging from mild diarrhea to hemolytic uremic syndrome and death. During 2011, an exceptionally large outbreak caused by [...]

Remote work, understood here as a working environment different from the traditional office working space, is a phenomenon that has existed for many years. In the past, workers voluntarily opted, when they were allowed to, to work remotely rather than commuting to their traditional work environment. However, with the emergence of the global pandemic (corona virus-COVID-19), people were forced to work remotely to mitigate the spread of the virus. Consequently, researchers have identified some benefits and adverse effects of remote work, especially in the age of COVID-19, ranging from flexible time and environment to technostress and isolation. In this paper, using a phenomenological approach, specifically, the sub-Saharan African experiences, I contend that remote work in the age of advanced technologies has obscured the value of relationality due to the problem of isolation in sub-Saharan African workplaces. For sub-Saharan Africans, relationality is a prerequisite moral value to becoming a person. In addition, relationality contributes to meaningfulness in the workspace. Obscuring the value of relationality in the aforementioned locale leads to meaninglessness in the workspace. Furthermore, this paper contributes to the existing literature on meaningful work by critically showing the importance of the value of relationality as a key element that adds meaning to work in sub-Saharan Africa., Author(s): Edmund Terem Ugar [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412988.e, 0000 0001 0109 131X, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, , Johannesburg, South Africa (2) grid.412988.e, 0000 0001 0109 [...]

: Objective: To undertake a census of the healthfulness of food venues providing lunch or dinner meals in a rural Australian setting and compare healthfulness by remoteness, using two measurement tools. Methods: A census of the rural local government area food venues was undertaken using two validated tools: the Healthfulness Rating Classification System (HRCS) and the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (NEMS‐R). Data were collected covering an area of 3,438 square kilometres in Victoria, Australia, with a population of >21,000. Healthfulness by remoteness was described and variability between tools was explored. Results: Data were collected from all 95 eligible food venues. Both tools classified the food venues as relatively unhealthy. The mean HRCS score was ‐2.9 (unhealthy) and the mean NEMS‐R score was 10.8 (SD 7.0; possible range ‐27 to 64). There were no significant differences in healthiness of venues by remoteness (as measured by the Modified Monash Model), although the outer‐rural region had lower scores. Conclusions: This census of a rural food retail environment showed low access to healthy menu options along with minimal provision of nutrition information and promotion of healthy food in food venues. This environment has the potential to affect the dietary intake of more than 21,000 rural‐dwelling Australians and action to improve rural food environments is desperately needed. Implications for public health: If unhealthful rural food environments are not addressed, inequalities in the diet‐related disease burden for rural Australians will continue to persist. This study shows that interventions are needed for independent venues that could be targeted by researchers, local health promotion officers, community nutritionists or community education programs., Unhealthy diets, particularly those with an excessive intake of over‐processed foods and low intake of fruits and vegetables,[sup.1] have been acknowledged as a major driver of global increases in preventable [...]

The concept of meaningful work has recently received increased attention in philosophy and other disciplines. However, the impact of the increasing robotization of the workplace on meaningful work has received very little attention so far. Doing work that is meaningful leads to higher job satisfaction and increased worker well-being, and some argue for a right to access to meaningful work. In this paper, we therefore address the impact of robotization on meaningful work. We do so by identifying five key aspects of meaningful work: pursuing a purpose, social relationships, exercising skills and self-development, self-esteem and recognition, and autonomy. For each aspect, we analyze how the introduction of robots into the workplace may diminish or enhance the meaningfulness of work. We also identify a few ethical issues that emerge from our analysis. We conclude that robotization of the workplace can have both significant negative and positive effects on meaningful work. Our findings about ways in which robotization of the workplace can be a threat or opportunity for meaningful work can serve as the basis for ethical arguments for how to-and how not to-implement robots into workplaces., Author(s): Jilles Smids [sup.1], Sven Nyholm [sup.2], Hannah Berkers [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Philosophy & Ethics, , De Zaale, Atlas 9.331, Eindhoven, The [...]

Exercise training positively impacts mental health, yet remains untested in older adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We conducted a randomized controlled pilot trial to test the feasibility and acceptability of exercise training in older veterans with PTSD. Fifty-four veterans [greater than or equal to] 60 years, with a DSM-V diagnosis of PTSD, were randomized to supervised exercise (n = 36) or wait-list (WL; n = 18). Primary outcomes included recruitment rates, attendance, satisfaction, and retention. Secondary outcomes included changes in PTSD symptoms, depression, health-related quality of life, and sleep quality; assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. There were no adverse events. Attrition was minimal (14%), and adherence to the exercise intervention was high (82%). Clinically significant improvements in PTSD and related conditions were observed following exercise (Cohen's d = 0.36-0.81). Exercise training is safe and acceptable in older adults with PTSD, may improve PTSD symptoms, and broadly impacts PTSD-related conditions. Future definitive trials are warranted., Author(s): Katherine S. Hall [sup.1] [sup.2] , Miriam C. Morey [sup.1] [sup.2] , Hayden B. Bosworth [sup.2] [sup.3] , Jean C. Beckham [sup.4] [sup.5] , Michelle M. Pebole [sup.1] , [...]

Listeriosis is a severe, mainly foodborne, human infection associated with higher casefatality and hospitalization rates than other bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens (1). The causative agent, Listeria monocytogenes, occurs ubiquitously in the [...]

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of an expressive writing intervention on quality of life (QoL) among mainland Chinese breast cancer patients. A total of 118 Chinese breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a cancer-facts writing condition (CTL group), an emotional disclosure writing condition (EMO group), a self-regulation writing condition (SR group), or a neutral control condition with no writing tasks (CON group). QoL was assessed by FACT-B at baseline, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. A repeated measure analysis of variance revealed significant effects of time (F = 13.9, P < 0.001, [eta].sup.2 = 0.20) and the time x group interaction (F = 3.5, P < 0.01, [eta].sup.2 = 0.08) on QoL. Residualized change models showed that the CTL, EMO and SR groups reported higher levels of QoL than the CON group at the 6-month follow-up. The EMO group had a higher level of QoL than the SR group. The CTL group had higher level of physical well-being compared to the SR group. Mainland Chinese breast cancer patients shortly after diagnosis benefit from expressive writing. They benefited more from cancer-facts and emotional disclosure compared to self-regulation. The study indicated that the impact of expressive writing may differ due to stage of cancer survivorship, social, and cultural context., Author(s): Li-li Ji [sup.1] , Qian Lu [sup.2] [sup.3] , Li-juan Wang [sup.4] , Xiang-lian Sun [sup.4] , Hui-dong Wang [sup.4] , Bing-xue Han [sup.5] , Yu-feng Ma [sup.5] , [...]

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers face an elevated lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptives have been shown to significantly decrease the risk of ovarian cancer by approximately 50% in this high-risk population. Changes in contraceptive formulations and patterns of use over time have introduced lower hormonal dosages, different steroid types and non-oral routes of administration. Specifically, there has been a considerable shift in patterns of contraceptive use and the increase in the uptake of non-oral, long-acting, reversible contraception (e.g., intrauterine devices, implants, injections) has corresponded to a decline in oral contraceptive pill use. Whether or not these other methods confer a protective effect against ovarian cancer in the general population is not clear. To our knowledge, there have been no such studies conducted among BRCA mutation carriers. Furthermore, the impact of these changes on the risk of developing ovarian cancer is not known. In this article, we will review the existing epidemiologic evidence regarding the role of contraceptives and the risk of ovarian cancer with a focus on women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. We will discuss recent findings and gaps in the knowledge while extrapolating from studies conducted among women from the noncarrier population. Keywords: BRCA, Ovarian cancer, Contraception, Intrauterine device, Case-control, Author(s): Yue Yin Xia[sup.1,2] and Joanne Kotsopoulos[sup.1,3] Background The BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumour suppressor genes encode nuclear protein products that maintain genome integrity through various roles, including DNA repair, cell-cycle [...]

Due to successful public health campaigns, breast cancer has successfully transformed from a highly stigmatized illness to a philanthropically supported disease in the United States. However, Chinese American breast cancer survivors continue to experience high levels of self-stigma and associated negative mental health outcomes. In the present study, we examined the relations between self-stigma and depressive symptoms, and further tested individual difference variables such as ambivalence over emotional expression and intrusive thoughts that may exacerbate the harmful effects of self-stigma among this population. One hundred and twelve foreign-born Chinese breast cancer survivors living in the United States completed questionnaires measuring self-stigma, depressive symptoms, AEE, and intrusive thoughts. We found significant AEE x self-stigma and intrusive-thought x self-stigma interaction effects in predicting depressive symptoms. Specifically, the relationships between self-stigma and depressive symptoms were exacerbated among individuals with high levels of AEE and intrusive thoughts. Self-stigma represents a significant predictor of depressive symptoms among Chinese breast cancer survivors, and particularly so for individuals with higher levels of AEE and intrusive thoughts. The findings suggest that for interventions designed to reduce the negative mental health outcomes associated with self-stigma, targeting risk factors such as AEE and intrusive thoughts might be promising., Author(s): William Tsai [sup.1] , Qian Lu [sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0004 1936 8753, grid.137628.9, Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, , New York, USA (Aff2) 0000 [...]

Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occur. In the general population, approximately one-third of individuals with lifetime PTSD also meet criteria for lifetime AUD. (1) [...]

Introduction The harmful use of alcohol has been of interest to doctors for centuries, and minimizing the harm caused by alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been a priority of psychiatrists [...]

Using a novel approach with video-recordings of sales interactions, this study focuses on a dynamic analysis of salesperson effectiveness in handling customer queries. We conceptualize salesperson behaviors, namely, resolving, relating, and emoting, as separate elements of customer query handling and empirically identify the distinct verbal and nonverbal cues that salespeople use to display these behaviors during sales interactions. We draw from compensation effects in social cognition theory to propose that customers' perceptions of a salesperson's effectiveness are prone to trade-offs between competence (resolving behaviors) and warmth (relating and emoting behaviors). Results, robust to endogeneity corrections, support the proposed tradeoffs such that the effectiveness of salesperson's resolving behavior is significantly curtailed, even neutralized, by the salesperson's relating and emoting behaviors. We situate these counterintuitive results within the extant theory and research on sales interactions, and outline implications for practice., Author(s): Sunil Singh [sup.1] , Detelina Marinova [sup.2] , Jagdip Singh [sup.3] , Kenneth R. Evans [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0004 1937 0060, grid.24434.35, College of Business, University of [...]

Abstract. The main objective in this paper is to study the effect of reviews by top- and bottom-ranked reviewers on product sales. We use designated market area sales data for [...]

Life satisfaction has been linked to lower cardiovascular disease mortality. However, much less is known about the biological mechanisms linking life satisfaction to physical health. In addition, the dyadic context of life satisfaction has not been considered despite increasing evidence that partners influence each other in health-relevant ways. These questions were addressed with 94 married couples who completed measures of life satisfaction and had their blood drawn for determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Actor-partner models showed that higher actor levels of life satisfaction predicted lower levels of IL-6 and CRP (p's < .05), whereas partner levels of life satisfaction did not predict any measure of inflammation. The actor results were not mediated by marital satisfaction or health behaviors. Finally, no actor x partner interactions were significant and these links were not moderated by marital satisfaction. These data highlight inflammation as a potentially important biological mechanism linking actor reports of life satisfaction to lower cardiovascular mortality., Author(s): Bert N. Uchino [sup.1] , Robert G. Kent de Grey [sup.1] , Sierra Cronan [sup.1] , Timothy W. Smith [sup.1] , Ed Diener [sup.1] , Samantha Joel [sup.1] , [...]

Foodborne pathogens are of public health concern worldwide (/). Estimates of the total number of foodborne illnesses and associated hospitalizations and deaths are needed to assess their effect on health [...]

Racial discrimination is associated with alcohol use and risky sex cognitions and behaviors, which are risk factors for negative health outcomes, including human immunodeficiency virus infection. The current study investigated the causal impact of racial discrimination on alcohol and sexual-risk cognitions while exploring potential mediators that might help explain this relation: negative affect, perceived control, and meaningful existence. We also examined if past discrimination impacts the strength of (moderates) these effects. Participants were 287 Black/African American young adults aged 18-25. They were randomly assigned to be excluded or included by White peers via the game Cyberball. Racial exclusion (vs. inclusion) predicted greater: perceived racial discrimination, negative affect, alcohol use willingness, and reduced perceived control and meaningful existence. Furthermore, excluded participants who experienced more past racial discrimination reported the lowest perceived control, and greatest negative affect and alcohol-risk cognitions. The findings suggest that past racial discrimination exacerbates the harmful health effects of immediate experiences of discrimination., Author(s): Michelle L. Stock [sup.1] , Laurel M. Peterson [sup.2] , Brianne K. Molloy [sup.1] , Sharon F. Lambert [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) 0000 0004 1936 9510grid.253615.6Department of Psychology, The [...]

Whole slide imaging (WSI) offers a convenient, tractable platform for measuring features of routine and special-stain histology or in immunohistochemistry staining by using digital image analysis (IA). We now routinely use IA for quantitative and qualitative analysis of theranostic markers such as human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2/neu), estrogen and progesterone receptors, and Ki-67. Quantitative IA requires extensive validation, however, and may not always be the best approach, with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors being one example in which a semiautomated approach may be preferable for patient care. We find that IA has great utility for objective assessment of gastrointestinal tract dysplasia, microvessel density in hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, renal fibrosis, and general quality analysis/quality control, although the applications of these to daily practice are still in development. Collaborations with bioinformatics specialists have explored novel applications to gliomas, including in silico approaches for mining histologic data and correlating with molecular and radiologic findings. We and many others are using WSI for rapid, remote-access slide reviews (telepathology), though technical factors currently limit its utility for routine, high-volume diagnostics. In our experience, the greatest current practical impact of WSI lies in facilitating long-term storage and retrieval of images while obviating the need to keep slides on site. Once the existing barriers of capital cost, validation, operator training, software design, and storage/back-up concerns are overcome, these technologies appear destined to be a cornerstone of precision medicine and personalized patient care, and to become a routine part of pathology practice. (doi: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0265-SA), Pathologists make crucial diagnoses and issue reports that directly affect patient care, primarily using microscopes and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-stained tissue with techniques that have not changed since the 19th century (1,2) [...]

Abstract. Women are increasingly represented in high status organizational positions. While the advancement of women into high status roles offers them many organizational benefits, the spillover and crossover effects of [...]

There are 2.1 million current military servicemembers and 21 million living veterans in the United States. Although they were healthier upon entering military service compared to the general U.S. population, in the longer term veterans tend to be of equivalent or worse health than civilians. One primary explanation for the veterans' health disparity is poorer health behaviors during or after military service, especially areas of physical activity, nutrition, tobacco, and alcohol. In response, the Department of Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs continue to develop, evaluate, and improve health promotion programs and healthcare services for military and veteran health behavior in an integrated approach. Future research and practice is needed to better understand and promote positive health behavior during key transition periods in the military and veteran life course. Also paramount is implementation and evaluation of existing interventions, programs, and policies across the population using an integrated and person centered approach., Author(s): Jeffrey P. Haibach [sup.1] , Michael Ann Haibach [sup.2] , Katherine S. Hall [sup.3] [sup.4] , Robin M. Masheb [sup.5] [sup.6] , Melissa A. Little [sup.7] , Robyn L. [...]

Several prominent voices have called for a democratization of science through deliberative processes that include a diverse range of perspectives and values. We bring these scholars into conversation with extant research on democratic deliberation in political theory and the social sciences. In doing so, we identify systematic barriers to the effectiveness of inclusive deliberation in both scientific and political settings. We are particularly interested in what we call misidentified dissent, where deliberations are starkly framed at the outset in terms of dissenting positions without properly distinguishing the kinds of difference and disagreement motivating dissent., Author(s): L. King[sup.1] , B. Morgan-Olsen[sup.1] [sup.2] , J. Wong[sup.1] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: L. King holds a doctorate in political theory from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is currently [...]

OBJECTIVES: 1) To examine associations between racial discrimination and drug problems among urban-based Aboriginal adults; and 2) to determine whether these associations are best explained by symptoms of psychological stress, distress or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: Data were collected through in-person surveys with a community-based sample of Aboriginal adults (N = 372) living in a mid-sized city in western Canada in 2010. Associations were examined using bootstrapped linear regression models adjusted for confounders, with continuous prescription and illicit drug problem scores as outcomes. Mediation was examined using the cross-products of coefficients method. RESULTS: More than 80% of Aboriginal adults had experienced racial discrimination in the past year, with the majority reporting high levels in that period. Past-year discrimination was a risk factor for PTSD symptoms and prescription drug problems in models adjusted for confounders and other forms of psychological trauma. In mediation models, PTSD symptoms explained the association between discrimination and prescription drug problems; psychological stress and distress did not. PTSD symptoms also explained this association when the covariance between mediators was controlled. The results also indicate that participation in Aboriginal cultural traditions was associated with increased discrimination. CONCLUSIONS: Most efforts to address Aboriginal health inequities in Canada have focused on the role Aboriginal people play in these disparities. The current findings combine with others to call for an expanded focus. Non-Aboriginal Canadians may also play a role in the health inequities observed. The findings of this study suggest efforts to reduce discrimination experienced by Aboriginal adults in cities may reduce PTSD symptomology and prescription drug problems in these populations. Key words: Aboriginal; racial discrimination; prescription drugs; posttraumatic stress; Canada Can J Public Health 2015;106(6):e382-e387 doi: 10.17269/CJPH.106.4979 OBJECTIFS: 1) Examiner les associations entre la discrimination raciale et les problemes de toxicomanie chez les adultes autochtones en milieu urbain; et 2) determiner si ces associations s'expliquent mieux par les symptomes du stress psychologique, de la detresse ou de l'etat de stress post-traumatique (ESPT). METHODE: Les donnees ont ete recueillies au moyen de questionnaires administres en personne aupres d'un echantillon communautaire d'adultes autochtones (N = 371) vivant dans une ville de taille moyenne de l'Ouest canadien en 2010. Les associations ont ete examinees a l'aide de modeles de regression lineaire avec reechantillonnage (bootstrap) ajustes en fonction de facteurs confusionnels, les resultats etant les notes obtenues par rapport aux ordonnances continues de medicaments et aux abus de drogues illicites. Nous avons examine la mediation a l'aide des produits croises de la methode des coefficients. RESULTATS: Plus de 80 % des adultes autochtones avaient subi de la discrimination raciale au cours de l'annee anterieure, la majorite indiquant des niveaux eleves de discrimination durant cette periode. La discrimination au cours de l'annee anterieure etait un facteur de risque pour les symptomes d'ESPT et les abus de medicaments sur ordonnance dans les modeles ajustes en fonction des facteurs confusionnels et d'autres formes de traumatisme psychologique. Dans les modeles de mediation, les symptomes d'ESPT expliquaient l'association entre la discrimination et l'abus de medicaments sur ordonnance; le stress psychologique et la detresse ne l'expliquaient pas. Les symptomes d'ESPT expliquaient aussi cette association apres ajustement pour tenir compte de la covariance entre les mediateurs. Les resultats montrent egalement que la participation aux traditions culturelles autochtones etait associee a une discrimination accrue. CONCLUSION: La plupart des efforts pour aborder les iniquites en sante chez les Autochtones du Canada portent sur le role joue par les Autochtones dans ces disparites. Nos constatations, combinees a celles d'autres chercheurs, justifient un elargissement de cette perspective. Les Canadiens non autochtones pourraient aussi jouer un role dans les iniquites en sante observees. Les constatations de notre etude indiquent que des efforts pour reduire la discrimination vecue par les adultes autochtones dans les villes pourraient reduire les symptomes d'ESPT et les abus de medicaments sur ordonnance dans ces populations. MOTS CLES: Indiens d'Amerique nord; discrimination raciale; medicaments sur ordonnance; stress post-traumatique; Canada, Aboriginal peoples experience a disproportionate burden of drug problems with serious implications for health. (1,2) To date, we do not have a common understanding of the determinants underlying these disparities. [...]

Objective To assess relationships between the perception of radiation risks and psychological distress among evacuees from the Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from a survey of evacuees conducted in 2012. Psychological distress was classified as present or absent based on the K6 scale. Respondents recorded their views about the health risks of exposure to ionizing radiation, including immediate, delayed and genetic (inherited) health effects, on a four-point Likert scale. We examined associations between psychological distress and risk perception in logistic regression models. Age, gender, educational attainment, history of mental illness and the consequences of the disaster for employment and living conditions were potential confounders. Findings Out of the 180604 people who received the questionnaire, we included 59807 responses in our sample. There were 8717 respondents reporting psychological distress. Respondents who believed that radiation exposure was very likely to cause health effects were significantly more likely to be psychologically distressed than other respondents: odds ratio (OR) 1.64 (99.9% confidence interval, Cl: 1.42-1.89) for immediate effects; OR: 1.48 (99.9% Cl: 1.32-1.67) for delayed effects and OR: 2.17 (99.9% Cl: 1.94-2.42) for genetic (inherited) effects. Similar results were obtained after controlling for individual characteristics and disaster-related stressors. Conclusion Among evacuees of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, concern about radiation risks was associated with psychological distress. Objectif Evaluer les liens entre la perception des risques lies aux rayonnements et la detresse psychologique chez des personnes evacuees suite a la catastrophe survenue a la centrale nucleaire de Fukushima. Methodes Nous avons analyse des donnees transversales tirees d'une enquete realisee en 2012 aupres des personnes evacuees. La detresse psychologique a ete classee comme presente ou absente en utilisant l'echelle K6. Dans l'enquete, les repondants avaient evalue leur perception des risques sanitaires lies a l'exposition a des rayonnements onisants -effets sur la sante immediats, differes et genetiques (herites)sur une echelle de Likert a quatre points. Nous avons etudie les associations entre detresse psychologique et perception des risques a l'aide de modeles de regression logistique. L'age, le sexe, le niveau d'etudes, les antecedents de maladies mentales et les consequences de la catastrophe sur l'emploi et les conditions de vie ont ete identifies comme des facteurs de confusion potentiels. Resultats 180 604 personnes avaient recu le questionnaire. Dans notre echantillon, nous avons inclus 59 807 reponses. Pour 8 717 personnes, les reponses traduisent la presence d'une detresse psychologique. Les repondants qui estimaient que l'exposition aux rayonnements etait tres susceptible d'avoir des effets sur la sante ont ete largement plus enclins a souffrir de detresse psychologique comparativement aux autres repondants: rapport des cotes (RC) 1,64 (intervalle de confiance (IC) de 99,9%: 1,42-1,89) pour les effets immediats; RC: 1,48 (IC 99,9%: 1,32-1,67) pour les effets differes et RC: 2,17 (IC 99,9%: 1,94-2,42) pour les effets genetiques (herites). Des resultats similaires ont ete obtenus apres controle des caracteristiques individuelles et des facteurs de stress lies a la catastrophe. Conclusion Chez les personnes evacuees suite a la catastrophe nucleaire de Fukushima, les inquietudes concernant les risques lies aux rayonnements ont ete assodees a une detresse psychologique. Objetivo Evaluar la relacion entre la percepcion de los riesgos de radiacion y la angustia psicologica entre los evacuados del desastre de la central nuclear de Fukushima. Metodos Se analizaron los datos transversales de una encuesta realizada a los evacuados en 2012. La angustia psicologica se clasifico en terminos de presente o ausente en base a la escala K6. Los encuestados registraron sus opiniones sobre los riesgos sanitarios de la exposicion a la radiacion ionizante, incluyendo los efectos inmediatos, tardios o geneticos (heredados) en la salud en una escala Likert de cuatro puntos. Se examinaron las asociaciones entre la angustia psicologica y la percepcion de los riesgos en modelos logisticos de regresion. La edad, el genero, el nivel educativo, el historial de enfermedades mentalesy las consecuencias del desastre en cuanto a empleo y vida fueron factores potenciales de confusion. Resultados En nuestra muestra se incluyeron 59.807 respuestas de las 180.604 personas que realizaron el cuestionario. Hubo 8.717 encuestados que registraron angustia psicologica. Aquellos encuestados que creian que la exposicion a la radiacion muy probablemente causaria efectos sobre la salud tenian mas posibilidades de estar psicologicamente angustiados que otros encuestados: cociente de posibilidades (CP) de 1,64 (intervalo de confianza, IC, del 99,9%: 1,42-1,89) para efectos inmediatos; CP: 1,48 (IC del 99,9%: 1,32-1,67) para efectos tardios, y CP: 2,17 (IC del 99,9%: 1,94-2,42) para efectos geneticos (heredados). Se obtuvieron resultados parecidos tras controlar las caracteristicas individuales y los agentes de estres relacionados con desastres. Conclusion En los evacuados del desastre nuclear de Fukushima, la preocupacion en relacion con los riesgos de radiacion estaba asociada con la angustia psicologica., Introduction The Tohoku earthquake in Japan on 11 March 2011 was a triple disaster --earthquake, tsunami and nuclear incident--that had major health effects. The Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the former [...]

Purpose in life has been linked with better mental health, physical health, and health behaviors, but the association between purpose and sleep is understudied. Sleep disturbances increase with age and as the number of older adults rapidly increases, it is ever more important to identify modifiable factors that are associated with reduced incidence of sleep disturbances. We used multiple logistic regression models and data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel study of American adults over the age of 50, to examine whether higher purpose was linked with a reduced incidence of sleep disturbances. Among 4144 respondents reporting minimal or no sleep disturbances at baseline, higher purpose was associated with a lower incidence of sleep disturbances over the 4-year follow-up. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, each unit increase in purpose (on a six-point scale) was associated with a 16 % reduced odds of developing sleep disturbances (OR 0.84, 95 % CI 0.77-0.92). The association between purpose and sleep disturbances remained after adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, psychological, and health covariates. Should future research replicate our findings, this area of research may lead to innovative efforts that improve the quality of sleep in older adults., Author(s): Eric S. Kim[sup.1] [sup.3] , Shelley D. Hershner[sup.2] [sup.3] , Victor J. Strecher[sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, 48109-1043, Ann Arbor, [...]

A recently abandoned artesian bore drain in south-western Queensland was sampled to investigate soil morphology and chemistry under, and adjacent to, the drain. Such drains are supplied with alkaline, sodium-rich artesian groundwater and they provide a long-term example of the impacts of these waters on soils. A Red Kandosol and a Grey Vertosol were sampled, in the drain and at 2, 4 and 25 m perpendicular to the drain. Morphological attributes indicative of long-term saturation, such as mottling, were evident around the drains, but were absent at the control sites (25 m away). At the Kandosol location, pH and exchangeable sodium were elevated within 4 m of the drain, and salinity data suggested a horizontally displaced wetting front at ~4m from the drain. In the Grey Vertosol, which was naturally saline and sodic below 0.5 m, substantial leaching of salts had occurred around the drain, but a horizontal wetting front was also evident and exchangeable sodium was increased within 4 m of the drain. A thin, weak pan was detected in the subsoil of the Red Kandosol under the drain bank, but pans were otherwise absent under the drains. The results indicate that deep drainage is a feature not only of the Red Kandosol, but also the Grey Vertosol, despite it being sodic and despite the application of sodic, alkaline water. The findings reiterate the importance of investigating soil and water chemistry interactions when designing channels, storages and irrigation systems, in particular those using sodic-saline waters. Additional keywords: alkaline soils, Great Artesian Basin, groundwater, salinity, sodicity., Introduction Bore drains are shallow, constructed channels used to reticulate extracted groundwater to water stock in grazing lands throughout western Queensland and inland parts of Australia. Drains have been excavated [...]

We explored the relationship between meaning in life and adjustment to chronic pain in a three-wave, 2 year, longitudinal study of 273 Belgian chronic pain patients. We examined the directionality of the relationships among the meaning in life dimensions (Presence of Meaning and Search for Meaning) and indicators of adjustment (depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, pain intensity, and pain medication use). We found that Presence of Meaning was an important predictor of well-being. Secondly, we used a typological methodology to distinguish meaning in life profiles, and the relationship of individual meaning in life profiles with indicators of adjustment. Five meaning in life profiles emerged: High Presence High Search, High Presence Low Search, Moderate Presence Moderate Search, Low Presence Low Search, and Low Presence High Search. Each meaning in life profile was associated with a unique adjustment outcome. Profiles that scored high on Presence of Meaning showed more optimal adjustment. The profiles showed little change over time and did not moderate the development of adjustment indicators, except for life satisfaction. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed., Author(s): Jessie Dezutter[sup.1] , Koen Luyckx[sup.2] , Amy Wachholtz[sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) Research Group Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, KU Leuven, Postbox 3722, Tiensestraat 102, 3000, Louvain, [...]