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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.12.055 Byline: Lixing Wang (a), Norihiko Oka (a), Michael Tropak (b), John Callahan (b)(c), John Lee (a), Greg Wilson (d), Andrew Redington (a), Christopher A. Caldarone (a)(c) Abbreviations: KHB, Krebs-Henseleit; KATP, adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium; LV, left ventricle; MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition; rIPC, remote ischemic preconditioning Abstract: Remote ischemic preconditioning is known to elicit production of a blood-borne cardioprotective factor that is infarct sparing in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial damage reducing after cardiopulmonary bypass in human subjects. The mechanism of protection remains incompletely understood. In this study, we examined effects on mitochondrial structure and function in a noninfarct model of cardioplegic arrest. Author Affiliation: (a) Division of Cardiovascular Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (b) Division of Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (c) Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (d) Division of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Article History: Received 25 September 2007; Revised 24 October 2007; Accepted 18 December 2007 Article Note: (footnote) Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and The Fondation LeDucq.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.09.023 Byline: Norihiko Oka, Lixing Wang, Wenyu Mi, Christopher A. Caldarone Abbreviations: ARMD, apoptosis-related mitochondrial dysfunction; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CCP, crystalloid cardioplegia; COX IV, cytochrome c oxidase IV; CsA, cyclosporine A; [+ or -]dP/dtmax, maximum first derivative of left ventricular pressure; IgG, immunoglobulin G; KH, Krebs-Henseleit buffer; LV, left ventricular; MIB, mitochondrial isolation buffer; MPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore; TMPD, N,N,N'N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling Abstract: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening is associated with apoptotic signaling and alterations in mitochondrial structure and function. We tested whether inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening with cyclosporine A preserved mitochondrial structure and function after cardioplegic arrest and whether this preservation is associated with improved myocardial performance. Author Affiliation: The Division of Cardiovascular Surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Article History: Received 21 August 2007; Revised 12 September 2007; Accepted 24 September 2007

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.05.009 Byline: Norihiko Oka, Lixing Wang, Wenyu Mi, Wei Zhu, Osami Honjo, Christopher A. Caldarone Abbreviations: CCP, cold crystalloid cardioplegia; COX IV, cytochrome c oxidase IV; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CsA, cyclosporine A; Ig, immunoglobulin; IV, intravenous; MPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore; OCT, optimal cutting temperature; TUNEL, deoxyuride-5'-triphosphate biotin nick end labeling Abstract: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening plays a critical role in mediating the mitochondrial response to ischemia/reperfusion injury and initiation of apoptosis. We tested whether inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening with cyclosporine A prevented apoptosis-related alterations in mitochondrial structure and function after cardioplegic arrest. Author Affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Article History: Received 16 March 2007; Revised 27 April 2007; Accepted 2 May 2007