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In large urban areas, the estimation of vehicular traffic emissions is commonly based on the outputs of transport planning models, such as Static Traffic Assignment (STA) models. However, such models, being used in a strategic context, imply some important simplifications regarding the variation of traffic conditions, and their outputs are heavily aggregated in time. In addition, dynamic traffic flow phenomena, such as queue spillback, cannot be captured, leading to inaccurate modelling of congestion. As congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, using STA may lead to unreliable emission estimations. The first objective of this paper is to identify the errors that STA models introduce into an emission estimation. Then, considering the type and the nature of the errors, our aim is to suggest potential solutions. According to our findings, the main errors are related to STA inability of accurately modelling the level and the location of congestion. For this reason, we suggest and evaluate the postprocessing of STA outputs through quasidynamic network loading. Then, we evaluate our suggested approach using the HBEFA emission factors and a 19 km long motorway segment in Stockholm as a case study. Although, in terms of total emissions, the differences compared to the simple static case are not so vital, the postprocessor performs better regarding the spatial distribution of emissions. Considering the location-specific effects of traffic emissions, the latter may lead to substantial improvements in applications of emission modelling such as dispersion, air quality, and exposure modelling., 1. Introduction The traffic situation in urban areas around the world is today characterised by severe road congestion. Congestion increases travel times, but usually also results in increased energy usage [...]

With increasing concerns about urban air quality and carbon emissions, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained popularity in megacities, especially in Europe and Asia. The energy consumption of EVs has subsequently caught researchers' attention. However, the exploration of energy consumption of EVs has largely focused on people's revealed driving behavior and rarely touched on their self-perception of driving styles. In this paper, we developed a more human-centric approach, aiming to investigate how the energy efficiency of EVs is shaped by the driving behavior and driving style in the urban scenario from field test data and driving style questionnaires (DSQs). Field tests were carried out on a designated route for a total of 13 drivers in the city of Beijing, where vehicle operation parameters were recorded under both congested and smooth traffic conditions. DSQs were collected from a larger pool of drivers including the field test drivers to be applied to driving style factor analysis. The results of a correlation analysis demonstrate the dynamic interaction between drivers' revealed behavior and stated driving style under different traffic conditions. We also proposed an energy consumption prediction model with the fusion of collected driving parameters and DSQ data and the result is promising. We hope that this study would draw inspiration for future research on people's transitioning driving behavior in an electric-mobility era., 1. Introduction To cope with the challenges of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and curbing urban pollution, electrification of the urban vehicle fleet has been a trend, particularly in densely populated [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.12.007 Byline: Mirsaleh Mirmohammadi (a), Javad Gholamnejad (b), Vahidoddin Fattahpour (c), Pejman Seyedsadri (d), Yousef Ghorbani (e) Abstract: This paper depicts the method used to quantify the environmental impact of mining activities in surface mine projects. The affected environment was broken down into thirteen components, such as Human health and immunity, Surface water, Air quality, etc. The effect of twenty impacting factors from the mining and milling activities was then calculated for each Environmental Component. Environmental assessments are often performed by using matrix methods in which one dimension of the matrix is the 'Impacting Factor' and the other one is the 'Environmental Components'. For the presented matrix method, each Impacting Factor was first given a magnitude between -10 and 10. These factors are used to set up a matrix named Impacting Factor Matrix, whose elements represent the Impacting Factor values. The effects of each Impacting Factor on each Environmental Component were then quantified by multiplying the Impacting Factor Matrix by Weighting Factor Matrix. The elements of the weighting factors matrix reflect the effects of each Impacting Factor on each Environmental Component. The outlined method was originally developed for a mining and milling operation in Iran, but it can successfully be used for mining ventures and more general industrial activities in other countries in accordance to their environmental regulations and laws. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Geology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (b) Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Pejoohesh, Yazd, Iran (c) School of Mining Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (d) Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran, Iran (e) Department of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran Article History: Received 2 February 2008; Revised 14 September 2008; Accepted 11 December 2008

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.05.005 Byline: Jie Lin, Dan Yu Keywords: Open road tolling; Traffic queuing; Carbon monoxide; Diesel particulate matter; Toll payment type Abstract: Open road tolling (ORT) design has been considered as an effective means of smoothing highway traffic and reducing travel delay on toll highways. In this paper it is demonstrated that ORT can also achieve significant air quality benefits over the conventional toll plaza design. The near roadside carbon monoxide (CO) concentration levels can be reduced by up to 37%, and diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions can decrease by as much as 58%. These large expected air quality benefits have great implications to the regional efforts of reducing mobile source air pollution toward achieving attainment status and healthier living environment. Author Affiliation: Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA Article History: Received 10 November 2006; Revised 12 March 2007; Accepted 5 May 2007

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.034 Byline: Brian Stone Keywords: Urban form; Ozone formation; Urban planning; Land use; Air quality; Urban sprawl Abstract: This study presents the results of a paper of urban spatial structure and exceedances of the 8-h national ambient air quality standard for ozone in 45 large US metropolitan regions. Through the integration of a published index of sprawl with metropolitan level data on annual ozone exceedances, precursor emissions, and regional climate over a 13-year period, the association between the extent of urban decentralization and the average number of ozone exceedances per year, while controlling for precursor emissions and temperature, is measured. The results of this analysis support the hypothesis that large metropolitan regions ranking highly on a quantitative index of sprawl experience a greater number of ozone exceedances than more spatially compact metropolitan regions. Importantly, this relationship was found to hold when controlling for population size, average ozone season temperatures, and regional emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, suggesting that urban spatial structure may have effects on ozone formation that are independent of its effects on precursor emissions from transportation, industry, and power generation facilities. Author Affiliation: City and Regional Planning Program, College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0155, USA Article History: Received 3 April 2006; Revised 20 November 2006; Accepted 14 December 2006

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.09.012 Byline: Che-Jen Lin (a), Thomas C. Ho (b), Hsing-wei Chu (c), Heng Yang (d), Santosh Chandru (b), Nagesh Krishnarajanagar (b), Paul Chiou (e), Jack R. Hopper (b) Abstract: Air pollutant emission is one of the predominant factors affecting urban air quality such as ground-level ozone formation. This paper assesses the impact of changing emission inventory scenarios, based on combinations of point, mobile, area/non-road and biogenic sources, on the tropospheric ozone concentration in two southeast Texas urban areas, i.e. Houston-Galveston and Beaumont-Port Arthur, during the rapid ozone formation event (ROFE) on August 25, 2000. The EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system with 1999 national emission inventory (NEI99) estimates and updated SAPRC99 chemical mechanism are used in the sensitivity analysis for twelve different emission scenarios. Based on model results, it is found that the point source emission of NO.sub.x and VOC contributes the greatest ozone peak in the ROFE. Removing Texas point sources of VOC and NO.sub.x emission from the inventory results in a reduction in peak O.sub.3 concentration by 128 and 70ppbv in Houston urban area, respectively. Similar but less drastic impact from point source is also observed in the Beaumont-Port Arthur area. The effect on peak ozone concentration due to mobile, area and non-road sources emissions are less significant compared to that of point source emission. Reducing VOC emission appears to be more effective than reducing NO.sub.x emission in lowering peak O.sub.3 concentration in the studied region. Although biogenic emission can contribute up to 37ppbv of peak ozone level over a large area, the affected area is away from the urban region of concern, and should not be the main cause for O.sub.3 non-attainment in the two urban areas. Removing CO emission from mobile sources does not lead to significant reduction ( Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Civil Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA (b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA (c) Department of Industrial Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA (d) Department of Computer Science, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA (e) Department of Mathematics, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA Article History: Received 15 December 2003; Revised 19 August 2004; Accepted 15 September 2004

Air pollution is the second most important risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, but air quality monitoring is lacking in many low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released its 2022 updated air quality database status report. This report contains data from about 6743 human settlements, a sixfold increase from 1102 settlements in its first publication in 2011, which shows that air pollution is increasingly recognized as a health priority at global and national levels. However, progress varies across the world. More than 90% of the settlements in the database are in high- and middle-income countries and areas mainly in China, Europe, India and North America. The database is crucial for increasing awareness of air pollution, and for calculating global exposures and the corresponding burden of disease attributable to air pollution. This article describes the progress made and challenges in collecting air quality data. The database uses official data sources which can be difficult to access and assess, because air quality monitoring is done by different government bodies or uses varying monitoring methods. These air quality data can be used by the health sector to engage in discussions on monitoring air quality to protect public health, and facilitate multisectoral engagement of United Nations agencies to support countries to conform with the 2021 WHO air quality guidelines. Although air pollution levels in most countries are higher than those recommended in the guidelines, any action policy-makers take to reduce air pollution will help reduce the burden of air pollution on health. Bien que la pollution de l'air represente le deuxieme facteur de risque le plus important pour les maladies non transmissibles, de nombreux pays a revenu faible et intermediaire ne menent aucun controle de la qualite de l'air. L'Organisation mondiale de la Sante (OMS) a recemment publie l'edition 2022 du rapport de situation relatif a sa base de donnees sur la qualite de l'air. Ce rapport renferme des informations sur pres de 6743 etablissements humains, un chiffre six fois superieur aux 1102 etablissements humains figurant dans la premiere publication de 2011, ce qui montre que la pollution de l'air est davantage reconnue comme une priorite en matiere de sante, tant a l'echelle nationale qu'internationale. Pourtant, les avancees ne sont pas les memes partout dans le monde. Plus de 90% des etablissements mentionnes dans la base de donnees se trouvent dans des pays a revenu faible et intermediaire, ainsi que dans des regions principalement situees en Chine, en Europe, en Inde et en Amerique du Nord. Cette base de donnees est essentielle pour mieux sensibiliser a la pollution de l'air, mais aussi pour calculer l'exposition mondiale et l'impact des maladies qui lui sont attribuables. Le present article decrit les progres realises et les defis qui subsistent dans la collecte d'informations liees a la qualite de l'air. La base de donnees utilise des sources officielles, qui peuvent etre difficiles d'acces et compliquees a evaluer car le controle de la qualite de l'air est effectue par plusieurs organismes gouvernementaux ou emploie des methodes differentes. Les informations ainsi recoltees peuvent etre exploitees par le secteur de la sante pour entamer des discussions sur le controle de la qualite de l'air. Objectif: preserver la sante publique et favoriser la mobilisation multisectorielle d'agences des Nations Unies pour aider les pays a se conformer aux lignes directrices de l'OMS relatives a la qualite de l'air, qui datent de 2021. Meme si, dans la plupart des pays, les niveaux de pollution de l'air depassent les recommandations formulees dans ces lignes directrices, toute action entreprise par les responsables politiques pour les faire baisser contribuera a reduire l'impact qu'exerce cette pollution sur la sante. La contaminacion del aire es el segundo factor de riesgo mas importante de las enfermedades no transmisibles, pero en muchos paises de ingresos bajos y medios no se vigila la calidad del aire. La Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) publico hace poco su informe actualizado de 2022 sobre el estado de la base de datos de calidad del aire. Este informe contiene datos de unos 6743 asentamientos humanos, es decir, seis veces mas que los 1102 asentamientos de su primera publicacion en 2011, lo que demuestra que la contaminacion del aire se reconoce cada vez mas como una prioridad sanitaria a nivel mundial y nacional. Sin embargo, los progresos varian en todo el mundo. Mas del 90% de los asentamientos de la base de datos se encuentran en paises y regiones de ingresos altos y medios, principalmente en China, Europa, India y Norteamerica. La base de datos es esencial para aumentar la concienciacion sobre la contaminacion del aire y para calcular las exposiciones globales y la correspondiente carga de morbilidad atribuible a la contaminacion del aire. Este articulo describe los progresos realizados y los desafios que plantea la recopilacion de datos sobre la calidad del aire. La base de datos utiliza fuentes de datos oficiales a las que puede resultar dificil acceder y evaluar porque el control de la calidad del aire lo realizan diferentes organismos gubernamentales o utilizan metodos de control que varian. El sector sanitario puede utilizar estos datos sobre la calidad del aire para participar en debates sobre la vigilancia de la calidad del aire con el fin de proteger la salud publica y facilitar el compromiso multisectorial de los organismos de las Naciones Unidas para ayudar a los paises a cumplir las directrices de la OMS 2021 sobre la calidad del aire. Aunque los niveles de contaminacion del aire en la mayoria de los paises son superiores a los recomendados en las directrices, cualquier medida que adopten los responsables de formular politicas para reducir la contaminacion del aire contribuira a reducir la carga de la contaminacion del aire sobre la salud., Introduction Air pollution is a recognized, global health risk factor and is associated with close to 7 million deaths every year. (1) The availability of air quality data is essential [...]

The World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) is an international community-based initiative to acquire and disseminate climate relevant data on the physical geographies of cities for modeling and [...]