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HIV disproportionately affects women in developing countries, especially in Southern Africa. Women thus stand to benefit most from a successful HIV vaccine and must participate in trials to test appropriate, gender-specific products. Several HIV vaccine efforts are currently underway in Africa. Participation in HIV vaccine trials requires that participants not only understand the complex nature of trial procedures, but that they also have autonomous decisional capacity to enroll. Given that the risk factors inherent in women's greater vulnerability constitute an intricate mix of biological, economic and social variables, will women's very vulnerability to HIV be an obstacle to ethical participation in vaccine development? This paper addresses some of the challenges underlying the successful recruitment of women into vaccine research and makes research and policy recommendations for the ethical inclusion of women in HIV vaccine trials in Africa. KEYWORDS. Women, HIV, vaccine trials, Africa, vulnerable, ethics

The official rhetoric of welfare states unconditionally pays tribute to older people's right to express dissatisfaction. In practice, users of older services in welfare states may be deprived of their 'exit' options and face considerable constraints when it comes to raising their 'voices.' For example, when older people in nursing homes would like to lodge a complaint, they may well be referred to the very staff members they depend on in their everyday lives. This article analyzes a national case study in which these contradictory tendencies are especially explicit: formal influence channels for older people in Sweden. Using data from structured interviews with 100 representatives of Swedish municipalities and drawing on Hirschman's (1970) theory on exit and voice, the article analyzes obstacles to older service users' influence in Sweden and develops explanations for these obstacles in terms of social contexts. KEYWORDS influence, exit, voice, older people, welfare state, Sweden

This article offers aspiring social work authors practical, hands-on writing 'tips' to develop articles for publication. The article addresses conceptual development, choice of voice, form and organization, literature review, submitting a manuscript for review, and more. Selected technical/grammatical writing tips are provided that alert writers to common mistakes editors find in reviewing manuscripts. doi:10.1300/J009v30n02_05 KEYWORDS. Writing, publication, social work literature, group work literature

This article offers guidelines for aspiring writers who wish to have their work published. Especially geared for practitioners, it includes suggestions for getting started, staying focused, structuring an article, understanding the writing process, overcoming frustration, coping with reviewers' critiques and enduring through to completion. KEYWORDS. Writing, publication, group work, social work, professional journal

Ninety-six experts in the fields of elder abuse and aging in New York State met in Albany, NY on May 10-12, 2004 to 'Target Eider Abuse' and to create a New York State Action Agenda to combat elder abuse. Lifespan of Greater Rochester convened and sponsored the Summit, modeled after the 2001 National Summit in Washington, DC The New York State (NYS) Office of Children and Family Services-Bureau of Adult Services, NYS Office for the Aging, NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, as well as Excellus BlueCross BlueShield and MedAmerica Insurance Company of New York were co-sponsors. The Summit was largely funded through the Administration on Aging by a federal grant obtained by US Senator Charles E. Schumer (NY). Other contributors included Excellus BlueCross Blue Shield, NYS Office for the Aging, and Alfred University's Rural Justice Institute. KEYWORDS. Elder abuse, elder mistreatment, New York, state summit, policy

This presentation reports the results of a project to extend the services and resources of Brigham Young University's Harold B. Lee Library to distance education students located in many areas of the world. Focusing on students enrolled in university-level English courses, the project team created a one-stop, integrated Web portal of library services and resources in Independent Study courses. This Library portal includes links to subscription databases, interlibrary loan, and personal reference services such as Ask a Librarian Live. The project team promoted faculty members' use of library research in the assignments for their Independent Study English courses. Finally, to ascertain the success of the project and make recommendations for further implementation and improvement, the project team tracked the students' use of library resources for their English courses and evaluated their experience with the portal. The ALA SIRSI's Leader in Library Technology Grant provided funding for the project. KEYWORDS. Library services, distance learners, evaluation, library resources

This is a discussion of three papers: Florence Rosiello's 'On Lust and Loathing: Erotic Transference/Countertransference Between a Female Analyst and Female Patients,' Barbara Tholfsen's 'Cross Gendered Longings and the Demand for Categorization: Enacting Gender Within the Transference-Countertransference Relationship,' and Linda Meyers' 'Gay or Straight? Why Do We Really Want to Know.' The author agrees with Rosiello's point that the erotic countertransference often hinders the treatment, due to the therapist's discomfort or shame over having sexual feelings toward a patient. However, this raises the dilemma of how to interact with the patient about the erotic aspects of the relationship without being seductive or blurring the boundaries. Rosiello is criticized for both her seductiveness with her patients and for creating a highly-charged sexual atmosphere in an analytic session where the patient is encouraged to describe the intimate details of her sex life. The author wonders how much of what transpired between analyst and patient was actually countertransference dominance rather than a flowering of the erotic transference. The author believes that Tholfsen's paper raises many questions. Among these are how much do we accept about who we are and how much can we change, both internally and externally? How do we determine what transformations are possible versus what must be grieved as unattainable? When patients are ardently seeking feedback during treatment, perhaps therapists fall into their own postmodern trap when they refuse to respond honestly. There is a difference between callously hanging a label on a troubled patient that will only arm him with a new insult versus compassionately helping him draw a portrait of himself that is real and that he may one day accept. The author agrees with Meyers' contention that being 'gay or straight' is a cultural construction. However she counters that what is not socially constructed is whether a person prefers to have sex with the opposite sex, same sex, both, or neither. It is one thing to accept that sexuality, along with gender identification, runs along a continuum, and another to deny that most people ultimately fall into one of two categories when it comes to sexual preference. To postulate two general categories, each containing a broad and diverse array of personalities, styles, and modes of sexual expression, is not nearly as restrictive and de-personalizing as many postmodern theorists would have one believe. What makes being gay oppressive is not the expectation that one is sexually attracted to the same sex, and rarely intensely attracted to the opposite sex. What makes being gay oppressive is what society says about the meaning of being gay. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678. E-mail address: Website: ] KEYWORDS. Countertransference, erotic transference, homosexuality, lesbianism, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, psychotherapy

Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy is seeking papers for a special issue on Feminist Philosophies of Love and Work to be guest edited by Paula England and Julie A. [...]

The author, in discussing the clinical cases reported by Ubaldo Leli, MD, and Robert S. Weinstein, PhD, sees their work as serious, engaged attempts to work outside the frame of conventional approaches to analysis and analytic understanding and as attempts to integrate new ideas about body/mind, about sexuality and character, about analyzability and about the revisioning of homosexuality as a category of experience. She also sees each essay demonstrating the difficulties of our current situation in which psychoanalytic paradigms are changing but clearly are also still in transition. The author, in criticizing Leli's use of Kemberg's theoretical language, sees danger in grafting an experience-distance, symptom-driven descriptive language of character pathology and perversion onto new forms of understanding non-normative sexuality. At the same time, the author felt Leli's clinical attention to the patient and the complexity of his experience of the patient seemed quite separate from the theoretical framing. When the theoretical understanding of character pathology is bound in techniques that hierarchialize certain patients as unfit for analysis, the theory becomes a weapon not a tool. Weinstein's essay, on the other hand, opens up a fascinating and provocative area for discussion, one that pushes the envelope of our thinking about the effects of love upon the body, bodily health and psyche. Yet a fuller understanding or exploration of the therapeutic impact both of love and of breaking the frame needs both a more demanding and self-demanding discussion and a wider framing. It is not that love cures but that loving experiences are crucial elements in health. It would be a great service to the mental health community to have this process explored and speculated about in much greater detail. Both papers, according to the author, raise the question of how one conveys the problems and pressures and values of working outside the frame. The author sees a need to widen the epistemological frame and the aesthetic frame in case write-ups and essays if work outside the frame is to really take hold of our imaginations. KEYWORDS. AIDS, analyzability, countertransference, HIV, homosexuality, psychoanalysis, serostatus

The author, writing as a therapist who has become interested in discussing his own HIV positive status publicly, raises the question of how HIV and AIDS present unique problems to psychotherapists, not only clinically, but also in the ways they write about their work. Writing about work that involves something as laden with meaning as HIV/AIDS might lead the therapist to feel as if she or he is risking exposing more of herself or himself than in writing about less anxiety-provoking subjects. The author sees Leli and Weinstein's contributions to the clinical literature pertaining to HIV/AIDS as important for many reasons, not least because they demonstrate, in very different ways, how questions of mortality that have been so inextricably bound up with HIV/AIDS figure into the therapist's daily work. In addition to his discussion of two case presentations, the author reviews the sparse psychoanalytic literature on HIV/AIDS and critically discusses psychoanalytic attitudes, illustrated in a published case by Grosz, that pays more attention to the presumed origins of his patient's homosexuality, rather than the patient's experience of living with AIDS. As the world enters the 'protease era,' the meanings associated with HIV/AIDS can be considered in a different context; that of life continuing rather than impending death. KEYWORDS. AIDS, countertransference, HIV, homosexuality, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis

Issues concerning the changing global political and social impact on the provision of library services is discussed.

Animistic and other alternative ontologies have recently been discussed in archaeology and material culture studies, but these discussions, while not entirely unfamiliar to historical archaeology, have so far had a limited impact on our understanding of the post-medieval Western world. This paper uses Western esoteric thought and folk beliefs to engage with the idea of the relational constitution of reality. It is argued that forms of 'magical thinking' are relevant not only to the interpretation of particular 'special' activities and things but can provide new perspectives on the very dynamics of how people perceived and engaged with the world. The proposed reassessment of esoteric thought and folk beliefs has implications for, and is informed by, material culture studies. The paper begins with alchemy and proceeds to discuss broader issues. Keywords Alchemy; folk beliefs; historical archaeology; material culture studies; relational ontology; Western esoteric traditions. DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2010.517679

Participants in today's financial markets confront a sea of data. While the availability of market data has benefits it also creates problems, notably those relating to questions of meaning, judgement and intervention: how to make sense of these flows how to see the 'market', its futures, and thus act pre-emptively. Over more recent years financial organizations have been turning to new technologies of representation, in particular the design and application of visualization software in an effort to enable better visual imagination of and interaction with markets as they unfold in real time. 'What you see is what you risk' in many respects captures the thinking or at least the desire underlying the employment of the latest visualization software. The more powerful one's vision the better able one is to participate in increasingly complex financial markets, at least in theory. Based on recent interviews with those involved in developing and using the latest visualization software within some of the key markets of global finance, and developing the influential work of Daniel Beunza and David Stark, and Karin Knorr Cetina, in particular, this paper adopts a cultural-economy-of-finance perspective to examine the implications of these new techniques of representation. The paper argues that the latest visual turn within finance should be afforded a more central position in the study of contemporary financial market practices. Keywords: visualization; visualization software; market devices; risk; financial market practices; cultural economy. DOI: 10.1080/03085147.2010.510679

While the governance of pension schemes, and the risk this poses for pension savers, is a prominent issue in current pension debate in the UK, this paper places that debate in, arguably, the more important context of the governance of individual behaviour. Using the concept of governmentality as a means of interpreting the course of recent UK pension policy and its attempts to influence individual saving behaviour, it critiques that policy. The paper then goes on to consider the effect of the introduction of personal accounts upon the pensions landscape, and in particular its potential to push forward the government's recent approach to pension provision. It argues that these reforms, rather than furthering individual saving for retirement, may alternatively create the very real possibility of undermining it. Keywords: pensions; governance; governmentality; retirement; risk; behavioural finance. Background: governance of UK pension schemes and the paradigm shift DOI: 10.1080/03085147.2010.510683

This paper seeks to explain the historic importance to Catalan nationalism of the nineteenth-century poet and priest, Jacint Verdaguer. In order to do so, rather than focus on his contribution--and that of the wider cultural revival, the Renaixenca--to the development of the Catalan language as the basis for national political mobilization, this paper argues that we cannot fully understand Verdaguer's importance without reference to his role in constructing a geographical narrative linking nation and territory. At the same time, given that national meanings are always contested, the paper proposes a dialectical approach to nationalism that situates the work of writers within the context of power struggles between social groups. Consequently, Veradguer's centrality to Catalan nationalism is ultimately explained by his role in producing a geographical narrative capable of attracting important sectors of rural Catalonia to the hegemonic project of the industrial bourgeoisie. Keywords: Nationalism; nation; territory; Catalonia; Verdaguer; historic bloc. DOI: 10.1080/01419871003789887

The renewed upsurge in ethnic and communal conflicts in Nigeria has generated increased interests in ethnic conflicts studies. A dominant approach in the literature is the concentration on the study of inter-ethnic conflicts at the expense of intra-ethnic conflicts. However, experiences have shown that intra-ethnic conflicts are as equally preponderant and bloody as inter-ethnic conflicts, suggesting that considerable research attention be directed at them. This paper sheds light on the perseverance of sub-ethnic identities and conflicts in Nigeria. It traces the evolution of ethnic conflict research in Nigeria, explores the existing literature on ethnic conflicts and points to the neglect of intra-ethnic conflicts. The consequence, the paper concludes, is that knowledge of ethnic conflicts in Nigeria is likely to be insufficient and undeveloped. Keywords: Ethnic conflicts; intra-ethnic conflicts; groups; research; identities, Nigeria. DOI: 10.1080/01419871003763304

Taking as its starting point Slavoj Zizek's (1997) The Plague of Fantasies, this paper considers how the electronic mediascape and its contagious practices have come to dominate all areas of contemporary reportage and history-making. It suggests that Web 2.0's reliance on 'mob thinking' and 'wiki-histories' can lead to a rapid and widespread erasure of alternative accounts and non-dominant narratives. Against this background, the paper explores the urgency of developing an 'archaeology of now' which could provide a stimulus for the exploration of marginal and subaltern viewpoints and alternative contemporary histories. Such an archaeology might involve not only a focus on contemporary material evidence, but also the analysis of virtual material culture and the excavation of virtual media to reveal the power structures and micro-histories of the World Wide Web's dominant narratives. The paper is intentionally provocative, and aims to stimulate a broader engagement with an archaeology of the present. Keywords Archaeologies of the present; electronic mediascape; Web 2.0; 'mob thinking'; virtual material culture; cyber-archaeology. DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2010.497339

Animal depictions are frequently treated by archaeologists either as direct reflections of human-animal relations or as symbolic of social realities. This paper offers a different way of conceptualizing animal depictions, as objects which mediate between society and human relationships with nonhuman animals. The focus here is on the large number of lions depicted on sealstones from Bronze Age Crete, despite there being no evidence (excluding the depictions themselves) that lions were present on Crete during this period. This paper examines how these depictions change over the course of the Bronze Age, and suggests links between iconographic features and knowledge of, and encounters with, real lions. It considers the interplay between the affordances of lions revealed in the depictions, as dangerous predators, and the affordances of the objects, as a means of social interaction. The Minoan lion is an animal which is neither reducible to its iconographic manifestations nor possible to understand apart from a network of material culture. Keywords Affordance; Bronze Age Crete; human-animal relations; lion; seal. DOI: 10.1080/00438241003672989

Social capital has become an increasingly popular concept in policy discussions surrounding integration and social cohesion. Within the UK, numerous policy-makers have drawn heavily on the work of influential social capital theorist Robert Putnam, whose recent thinking has been implicated in debates concerning identity, diversity and cohesion. What is meant by 'diversity' is subject to conjecture. Arguably, identities and affiliations are more complex than often presented in social capital debates. Drawing on material from an ongoing longitudinal study, the paper addresses the relative neglect afforded to young people's networks and resources by focusing on the role many play in creating social capital within families. Acknowledging the significance of time and space, the paper explores the interface between different aspects of identity and the dynamic nature of social networks. In doing so, the need to take a more nuanced and context-sensitive approach to the analysis of social capital is highlighted. Keywords: Diversity; identity; networks; social capital; time--space; young people. DOI: 10.1080/01419870903254653

This paper is based on evaluative research in an inner-London borough on a programme designed to raise self esteem and deter minority ethnic young people from involvement in crime and participation in gangs. The aim of the programme was to work with young people 'at risk' or involved with gangs, violent crime and who may use weapons and to divert them from this behaviour. Essentially, the paper explores the way in which minority ethnic young people can be equipped to develop social capital. The paper firstly applies a brief contextual understanding of urban minority ethnic young people's experiences of school and 'street life'; secondly, it will describe the background and aims of the programme; and thirdly it will discuss whether and how the programme contributed to developing trust; to notions of awareness and empowerment; self-esteem and identity; and how it impacted on their social and family relationships. Keywords: Social capital; empowerment; identity; minority ethnic; street life; crime. DOI: 10.1080/01419870903254687

Youth in 'high-risk' urban zones in France see police discrimination and brutality as a fundamental problem in their relationship to the state, but the state insists on marginalizing or silencing issues of racism and police impunity. At first glance, it seems that mainstream society and its political representatives are indifferent to the racial and ethnic dimension of violence that takes place in marginalized minority neighbourhoods. This paper takes a closer look at how the strength of entrenched French institutions and of police unions play a large roll in institutionalized racism. This paper argues that a lack of institutional accountability within the French culture of governance also helps us to understand why the French national police are so reluctant to embrace the community policing model or to register the persistent histories and geographies of intersecting racial, post-colonial and class hierarchies. Keywords: France; discrimination; police; youth; urban disorder; banlieue. DOI: 10.1080/01419870903348646

Americans' attitudes about retirement policy reform are being pulled in two directions. Because of their worries about retirement security, individuals are likely to support greater government intervention. However, because of their belief in the value of self-reliance, individuals are likely to be concerned about government interventions in the economy. This paper explores the tension between self-interest and self-reliant values and examines how these factors affect attitudes about retirement policy, testing, with a unique private survey, the degree to which concern about retirement security leads self-interested Americans increasingly to support retirement policy reforms and those with self-reliant values to decrease support. The paper also attempts to tease out the conditions under which self-interest and self-reliant values exert greater or less influence on views about retirement policy. In doing so, the paper helps clarify the level of public support for retirement policy reform and indicates the types of policies likely to garner higher levels of support. KEYWORDS ambivalence, American individualism, American political values, public opinion, retirement policy, self-interest, self-reliant values DOI: 10.1080/08959421003621804

In a context where mixed relationships are often seen as a visible indicator of increased tolerance, this paper holds up a lens to the particular experiences of racism negotiated by lone white mothers of mixed-parentage children. Based on qualitative interviews with thirty mothers, this paper illustrates how, through their parenting, racism and racial injustice became more visible to the mothers in the study. It is argued that, as well as experiencing racism directed at their children in a range of contexts (including the extended family, school and the local area), lone white mothers of mixed-parentage children are frequently facing social disapproval themselves. Drawing on the notion of whiteness as a seemingly unmarked and invisible category, this paper argues that mothers' experiences can challenge and complicate dominant conceptualizations of white privilege. Keywords: Interracial families; racism; whiteness; family; discrimination; United Kingdom. DOI: 10.1080/01419870903023652

In this paper, we set the scene for this special issue by outlining the main concerns that underlie the study of migrant politics and related forms of social and political mobilization. We begin by examining the changing ways in which migrant and minority politics and mobilization have been articulated in recent decades, exploring key facets of the intersections between forms of migrant and minority mobilization and the wider social and political environment. We continue by discussing how these politics and mobilization have been analysed, both from a conceptual and empirical angle. We conclude by mapping the core themes of the substantive papers that make up this volume and by highlighting some issues for further research. Keywords: Incorporation: migrants; migrant politics: minorities; mobilization: politics: citizenship. DOI: 10.1080/01419870903418944

Social workers are among the best prepared professionals to respond to the world's social problems. However, in the current realm of forward-looking, functional solutions to society's social ills, social workers are not easy to find. This paper makes the argument that given the tremendous need for solutions to today's pressing social challenges, it is time for social workers to stand up and embrace much of the straightforward business sense found in social entrepreneurship, a hybrid of social work macro practice principles and business innovation activities. To address this issue, the paper examines the imperative for social workers to explore and engage in social entrepreneurship. Ethical considerations concerning practice are discussed and a few examples of social entrepreneurship are described. Finally, the article ends with some recommendations for educating social workers and conducting future research in this emerging area of inquiry. KEYWORDS business, ethics, innovation, nonprofit organizations, social entrepreneurship DOI: 10.1080/03643100903432974

Over the last decade, the home support resources in British Columbia have decreased. Specifically, nonmedical tasks such as housekeeping and meal preparation have been severely restricted and are no longer available for hospital discharge planning with elders who are returning to the community. This paper applies analytical deconstruction to three aspects of a case example of an elderly couple: the technical and bureaucratic aspects of who gets home support and what kind, the socially constructed aspects of gender roles and the performance of unpaid labor, and the personally informed aspects that involve an elder's life experiences, social supports, and personal values. The paper then employs a feminist poststructuralist framework to suggest discharge planning implications for social work, using the case as an example. KEYWORDS women, elders, home support, housekeeping, discharge planning DOI: 10.1080/08952840903489052

Although immigration researchers, like other social scientists who study mobility, usually look only at upward mobility, immigrants and refugees often suffer from downward mobility. This is particularly true of new arrivals who were professionals in their country of origin and now work as technicians, although newcomers of lower status may experience it as well. For some immigrants and refugees, downward mobility is temporary; others may suffer from it all their lives and even pass the pain on to their children. This paper discusses the various impacts of downward mobility, the ways immigrants and refugees cope with them successfully or not, and the consequences of their class and status decline for their children. The paper can be read as a follow up to my earlier articles in Ethnic and Racial Studies, 'Second Generation Decline', (1992) and 'Acculturation, Assimilation and Mobility' (2007). Keywords: Immigration: downward mobility; generation; refugees; class; status. DOI: 10.1080/01419870903204625

Any attempt at understanding social action must consider space. This paper questions the assumption that changes in architecture, specifically monumental architecture and public buildings, correspond directly to changes in political organization. Lefebvre's conceptual framework is used herein to gain insight into the variations in the use and construction of space, as they are reflective of different political and ideological agendas. As a case study, this paper examines the use of space and architecture at the Irene site (9CH1), a Mississippian site on the Georgia coast. Previous interpretations of the site suggest that changes in space and architecture relate to a shift towards a more egalitarian social organization. In contrast to these ideas, the argument is offered that such changes actually reflect the changing forum and expression of power by political actors rather than a wholesale shift in socio-political complexity. Keywords Social space; Mississippian; south-east United States; Native American; earthen pyramids

Segmented assimilation theorists posit that second-generation immigrants today are at risk of downward acculturation and socio-economic mobility, and that dense co-ethnic communities provide the greatest resistance. Drawing upon data from ethnographic interviews and non-participant observation at a Pentecostal church, this paper will suggest that American-origin religious institutions may provide shelter against downward mobility through 'religious optimism'. Using a race-gender framework to explain exit from gang lifestyle and acculturation into a group promoting mainstream American values, this paper will suggest that religious optimism may sometimes be infused with traditions from the black Protestant church, as well as inner-city stylistic expressions. Therefore, the first suggestion in this paper is that the segmented assimilation paradigm should not dichotomize the values of immigrant groups against those of native-born blacks and Latinos. The second suggestion in this paper is that segmented assimilation theorists should take into consideration that trajectories may shift in adulthood. Keywords: Immigration; gender; acculturation; segmented assimilation; race; religion.

Elders and their caregivers oftentimes have difficulty coordinating services among human service agencies. In addition, service providers spend countless hours collecting information that has already been collected by other service providers, and suboptimal communication between agencies hinders the ability to coordinate services. The project discussed in this paper prototyped the use of a Shared Point of Access (SPA) between a group of nonprofit agencies providing services to senior citizens to facilitate interagency case management. Its design and development, specifically including leadership issues, database system models, HIPAA, and governance structures, are outlined in this paper. KEYWORDS interagency collaboration, interorganizational information system, referrals, elders, case management, service coordination, online database