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Engineers should consider several factors when determining the maximum torques of bolts and nuts. They should see to it that the yield strength of the internal thread equals or surpasses the proof strength of the bolt. They should also make sure that the bolt proof strength is greater than the yield strength of the internal thread. Moreover, engineers should analyze failure modes to obtain the highest load that a bolted joint can assume., Consider materials for the bolt and housing, and the length of engagement to determine maximum torques. Most engineers who deal with bolted joints are familiar with torque tables for SAE-grade [...]

Threaded fasteners are more convenient than welding or riveting since they allow joints to be disassembled. However, this advantage can also become a disadvantage since the possibility of failure is greater. Overstress, fatigue, corrosion and embrittlement are the main causes of bolt failure. With proper diagnosis, one can determine the exact cause of bolt failure so the appropriate corrective measure can be taken., To ensure threaded fasteners will bear their load, designers must specify more than the quantity and size of bolts. The fact that threaded fasteners can be removed from an assembly, [...]

Even with the Fastener Quality Act, users must still select fasteners with care. U.S. industry uses more than 200 billion fasteners each year. It has been estimated that millions of [...]

Thermal and stress acceleration tests based on Arrhenius theory and modifications by others can estimate long-term property changes in elastomers. Elastomers are used in many critical service applications such as [...]

Experience and experimentation have shown that the orientation of a fillet weld with respect to the direction of loading affects the joint's strength. To understand why, consider fillet welds applied [...]

The introduction of polymeric insulators has created more options and opportunities for the overhead line designer and system operator. With the high strength-to-weight ratios of the composite units, previously impractical [...]

NE/Nastran V7.1 is the latest upgrade to the powerful, low cost, and easy-to-use FEA program for engineers in most disciplines. V7.1 adds two new nonlinear elements: An adaptive 3D slide-line [...]

Design and assembly should be considered together regardless of the level of integration of the engineering and manufacturing environments. CAD/CAM can combine with robotic and flexible assembly systems to bring [...]

Design and assembly A key element in integrating all aspects of manufacturing is getting all those involved in product production to cooperate. While this has always been a goal, only [...]

Fastener preload NO SIMPLE totally reliable formula exists that will tell the designer what size of fastener should be used at what preload for a given application. Fastener material and [...]

Assembly and design CIM--CAD/CAM Brings high-Tech to Automated Assembly THE SCIENCE of specifying part geometry by computer-generated models has had great impact on the engineering of end products and their [...]

Assembly details DESIGN of assemblies and the processes that assemble them presents a chicken-and-egg problem. The production process cannot be well defined until the assembly is designed, but the assembly [...]

OPTIMIZING COMPOSITE DESIGN Composite materials of all types recently have become more widely used, particularly in aerospace, defense, and automotive applications. Each composite, however, is a blend of materials with [...]

TIMING-BELT DRIVES: Quiet synchronization with no power loss The need for increasingly sophisticated manufacturing equipment has caused a dramatic upswing in the use of synchronous belts on modern power-transmission drives. [...]

Shattering PVC Roof Membranes The shattering of unreinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) roof membranes has been reported from every part of the country. The membranes that have shattered range in age [...]