Search

Author(s): Abdulaziz H. Alzeer (corresponding author) [1]; Jude Abuzinadah [2] Hajj, the yearly pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca), holds great importance as one of the five pillars of Islam, symbolizing a [...], For Muslims all across the world, the desire to participate in the religious rites of the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) which stands as one of the five pillars of Islam is a heartfelt longing. It stands for the pinnacle of devotion and spiritual gratification, luring followers to the most sacred city in Islam for a life-changing journey of faith, comradery, and submission to Allah. Muslims hold Mecca in the highest regard; it is a source of endless inspiration and devotion throughout their lives, as seen by their desire to undertake the Hajj and Umrah. The pilgrimage encompasses a series of synchronized rituals and acts of worship, each holding its unique spiritual meaning, and serve as a powerful testament to the universal nature of Islamic teachings. These rituals have a significant impact on Muslims' mental and spiritual well-being. Hajj elicits a spectrum of feelings; creates unity, humility, and thankfulness; and encourages self-reflection as well as personal development. It also instills a sense of spiritual fulfillment. Hajj transcends personal boundaries, strengthening a pilgrim's sense of connection to the larger Muslim community that rejuvenates their hearts and souls toward the teaching of Islam. Hence, it is imperative to explore in depth this transformative journey, illuminating the mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions that bind Muslims across the globe. Keywords: Crowds, Hajj, mental morbidity, pilgrimage, psychosocial

Prosociality is often considered as quintessential in coping with the threats of health emergencies. As previous research has suggested, prosocial behaviors are shaped by both dispositional factors and situational cues about the helping situation. In the present research, we investigated whether 'bonding' types of prosociality, helping directed towards close others within one's social network, and 'bridging' types of prosociality, helping directed towards vulnerable people across group boundaries, are predicted by basic individual values and threat appraisals concerning COVID-19. During the pandemic, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the US and India (N.sub.total = 954), using the Schwartz value inventory and a multifaceted measure of threat assessment to predict prosocial helping intentions. After controlling for other value and threat facets, self-transcendence values and threat for vulnerable groups uniquely predicted both bonding and bridging types of prosociality. Furthermore, threat for vulnerable groups partially mediated the effect of self-transcendence on prosocial helping intentions: People who endorsed self-transcendent values were particularly concerned by the effect of the pandemic on vulnerable groups, and thus willing to engage in prosocial behaviours to help those in need. Our findings support the idea that prosociality is stimulated by empathic concerns towards others in need and underline the importance for future research to consider the broad spectrum of threats appraised by people during health emergencies., Author(s): Emanuele Politi [sup.1] [sup.2] , Jasper Van Assche [sup.3] [sup.4] , Adrian Lüders [sup.5] , Sindhuja Sankaran [sup.6] [sup.8] , Joel Anderson [sup.7] , Eva G.T. Green [sup.2] Author [...]

Research on social media use and its impact on social relationships has produced mixed findings. Online groups that target people with a shared identity or experience may be one aspect of social media use that is more likely to generate positive outcomes, yet their effects are understudied. People with minority identities may be particularly likely to benefit from online communities due to greater barriers accessing in person support. The extent to which people feel similar to online group members, the importance of the focal identity or experience, and the ways in which they participate may help explain who gets the most out of online groups. Using an online survey, the current study used path analysis to test these potential predictors of support availability and sense of belonging within two Facebook groups for multiracial people (N = 461). Results indicated that multiracial people who perceived others in the group as more similar to themselves experienced greater belonging and perceived the group as better able to provide support. Users who viewed their multiracial identity as highly important also experienced better social support outcomes. Finally, active participation and self-disclosure were both associated with better support outcomes. This study indicates the potential for online groups to facilitate positive outcomes through connections to similar others. Findings contribute to the literature on online group use by identifying specific contexts, types of engagement, and user characteristics that can promote positive outcomes during social media and online group use., Author(s): Rebecca Godard [sup.1] , Susan Holtzman [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/03rmrcq20, grid.17091.3e, 0000 0001 2288 9830, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, , Kelowna, Canada Social networking sites [...]

The study of the antecedents of employee followership behavior is one of the hot topics in management psychology research. Based on self-determination theory and using a questionnaire method, this research investigated the relationship between spiritual leadership and employee followership behavior, and explored the roles of relational identification and spiritual intelligence in this relationship. A Chinese sample of 372 paired leader-employee data was used to verify the proposed theoretical model. The findings suggested that spiritual leadership had a positive relationship with employee followership behavior, and that relational identification played a mediating role in this positive relationship. In addition, the positive relationship between spiritual leadership and relational identification was more significant when employees' spiritual intelligence was high than when it was low. Also, the indirect effect of spiritual leadership on employee followership behavior through relational identification relied on employees' spiritual intelligence, such that the indirect effect was stronger when employees' spiritual intelligence was high than when it was low. Our research further provided several theoretical and practical implications for future research., Author(s): Zunkang Cui [sup.1] , Xiaotong Ji [sup.2] , Pingqing Liu [sup.3] , Ruiyan Li [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/01skt4w74, grid.43555.32, 0000 0000 8841 6246, School of Materials Science and [...]

Author(s): Dongfang Chen [sup.1] [sup.2] , Siwei Zhang [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Qi Wu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Menghao Ren [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/053w1zy07, grid.411427.5, 0000 0001 0089 3695, [...], Among the different tastes, the preference for spiciness seems to be quite common around the world. While widely liked by many people, the psychological effects of eating spicy food have not received too much attention. Can the preference and consumption of spicy food affect our behaviors? More importantly, can spicy food eating affect our emotion perception process which is the core driver of social cognition? The present research explores these questions. More specially, the results showed that spicy food preference positively predicted the perceptual sensitivity for the facial expression of anger and disgust, and the relationship was mediated by trait aggression and trait pathogen avoidance. Additionally, we further explored the effects of spicy food consumption on the perception of anger and disgust, the results demonstrated that consuming spicy food can increase individual's state aggression, which subsequently facilitates the perception of angry expressions. The results of these studies will help us to reveal that how the taste of spiciness shapes the emotion perception process. They will deepen our understanding of the emotion perception process and the relationship between our mind and body, and have great implications for our food industry and our policymakers.

The concept of women as 'child-bearers' and the overarching view of motherhood as a prerequisite for female fulfilment has formed the basis for societal expectations of the female gender for centuries. However, the number of women who choose not to have children is increasing. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of millennials' perception of voluntarily childless women in the UK. It also aimed to explore the extent to which these perceptions are culturally specific and are shaped by societal expectations and the media. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with participants aged between twenty-three and thirty-eight years. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis informed by a social constructionist epistemological standpoint. Data analysis related to millennial perceptions of voluntarily childless women in the UK revealed three dominant themes: (1) women are expected to behave in accordance with socially constructed gender norms; (2) women are presumed to desire children, as dictated by their gender; and (3) external positive perspectives contrast with internal negative perceptions. Findings indicated that women remain captive to the culture of prevalent gendered expectations that conflate womanhood with motherhood. Millennial mothers displayed external positive perspectives toward voluntarily childless women, but internal prejudices and biases were apparent in the data. Despite the rapidly evolving changes in relation to social norms and gender roles in modern-day life, millennial perceptions in the UK align with the long-standing traditional belief that women must become mothers in order to realise social satisfaction and ultimate fulfilment in their lives., Author(s): Hannah E. Colledge [sup.1] , Jessica Runacres [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/02yhrrk59, grid.57686.3a, 0000 0001 2232 4004, University of Derby, , Derby, East Midlands, UK (2) https://ror.org/00d6k8y35, grid.19873.34, 0000 [...]

Author(s): Yingbao Huo [sup.1] , Zongrui Liu [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/031y8am81, grid.440844.8, 0000 0000 8848 7239, School of Business Administration, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, , 3 Wenyuan [...], Little research has investigated the effect of servant leadership (SL) on employees' negative feedback-seeking behaviors (FSB). We integrate three theoretical perspectives, social exchange, social identification and social learning, to test the processes through which SL facilitates employees' negative FSB. By conducting a longitudinal study with the sample of 403 employees, we find that leader-member exchange (LMX), leader identification, and self-efficacy, which are functioned as theoretical perspectives, social exchange, social identification and social learning, play mediating roles in SL-negative FSB relationship. Further, LMX and leader identification sequentially mediates the relation of SL and negative FSB. LMX, self-efficacy sequentially mediates the influence of SL on negative FSB.

Author(s): Jia-Qiong Xie [sup.1] , Xue-Qin Yin [sup.2] [sup.3] , Jiang Qiu [sup.2] [sup.4] [sup.5] , Jing Yang [sup.1] , Yuan-Yuan Huang [sup.1] , Mei Li [sup.1] , Ke Chen [...], Interindividual differences in personal values are prevalent both within and across societies. Interindividual differences in personal value and the relationships with mental health disorders and life satisfaction remain to be holistically considered, especially in China. The present study aims to characterize personal value profiles based on Schwartz's theory model and to examine differences in several mental health-related disorders and life satisfaction potentially across these profiles. Using convenience sampling, a sample of 8,540 Chinese college students (M.sub.age = 18.89, SD.sub.age = 2.02, 57.7% male) from three universities completed a questionnaire assessing personal values, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, substance disorders, crime/violence, and life satisfaction. The latent profile analysis identified five personal value profiles, which were labelled as traditional social orientation, open personal orientation, open social orientation, moderate traditional social orientation, and average. Chinese college students in the three social orientation profiles reported low mental health disorders and high life satisfaction. In contrast, students in the personal orientation profile reported high mental health disorders and low life satisfaction. The results indicate the heterogeneity of Chinese college students' personal values and the positive relationship of social-oriented values with mental health and life satisfaction in collectivist cultures.

We use correspondence analysis to look at the changing nature of political debates in the Canadian House of Commons concerning immigration over a five-decade period. Using data drawn from the Linked Parliamentary Data (LiPaD) project we assess the way in which immigration policy and issues are discussed by different political parties from September of 1968 to June of 2019. We look at debates in five of the longest Prime Ministers' mandates. In doing so, we trace changes in both emphasis and rhetoric by political party. We find that party political views on immigration became more polarized with the breakup of the Progressive Conservative party in the early 1990s. Liberal party views moved toward to the left of the spectrum while the Reform/Alliance/Conservative Party of Canada parties moved toward the right and became increasingly entrenched until 2015. After that, the Conservatives and the Liberals moved closer to the centre. The New Democratic Party was the most consistent in its views over time, focusing on issues of humanitarianism as well as broad policy issues. Nous utilisons l'analyse des correspondances pour examiner la nature changeante des debats politiques a la Chambre des communes du Canada concernant l'immigration sur une periode de cinq decennies. En utilisant des donnees tirees du projet Linked Parliamentary Data (LiPaD), nous evaluons la facon dont la politique et les questions d'immigration sont discutees par les differents partis politiques de septembre 1968 a juin 2019. Nous examinons les debats au cours de cinq des plus longs mandats de Premier ministre. Ce faisant, nous retracons l'evolution de l'accent et de la rhetorique par parti politique. Nous constatons que les opinions politiques des partis sur l'immigration sont devenues plus polarisees avec l'eclatement du Parti progressiste-conservateur au debut des annees 1990. Les opinions des partis liberaux se sont rapprochees de la gauche du spectre, tandis que les partis Reforme / Alliance / Parti conservateur du Canada se sont rapproches de la droite et sont devenus de plus en plus enracines jusqu'en 2015. Par la suite, les conservateurs et les liberaux se sont rapproches du centre. Le Nouveau Parti Democratique a ete le plus coherent dans ses opinions au fil du temps, se concentrant sur les questions humanitaires ainsi que sur les questions politiques generales., INTRODUCTION We analyze five decades of Canadian parliamentary debates (1968-2019) on immigration to trace patterns across time and parties using correspondence analysis. Our work differs from traditional political discourse analysis [...]

Author(s): O. P. Ibragimova [sup.1] [sup.2] , Anara Omarova [sup.1] [sup.2] , Bauyrzhan Bukenov [sup.1] [sup.2] , Nassiba Baimatova [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/03q0vrn42, grid.77184.3d, 0000 0000 8887 5266, [...], Acetophenone is a reagent used in various consumer products, including fragrance chemicals in toys and childcare products. Contact with acetophenone-containing materials can harm human health, and therefore acetophenone migration levels should be controlled. A new procedure for the quantification of acetophenone migrated to air and water from toys and school supplies using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection is proposed. The optimal combination of acetophenone response and its relative standard deviations was achieved for air samples after 10-min extraction at 25°C and for water samples after the addition of 3.5 g of salt, agitation/preincubation at 500 rpm for 5 min at 60°C, and 20-min extraction by polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber. The developed procedure provided linear calibration with R.sup.2 > 0.996 at 1-50 [micro]g/m.sup.3 in air and 1-20 [micro]g/L in water, and low limits of detection and quantification of acetophenone in the air (0.01, 0.04 [micro]g/m.sup.3) and water (0.01, 0.03 [micro]g/L). Spike recoveries of acetophenone were 109-116% for air and 90-111% for water. Acetophenone concentrations migrated from toys and school supplies into the air ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 [micro]g/m.sup.3, except for eraser type II (9.7 [micro]g/m.sup.3) which exceeded the maximum permissible concentration by 3.2 times. Acetophenone concentrations migrated to water were 1.3-3.5 [micro]g/L.

Author(s): Guodong Cui [sup.1] , Fuxi Wang [sup.2] , Ying Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/041pakw92, grid.24539.39, 0000 0004 0368 8103, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of [...], Although literature frequently argues that diversity stimulates innovative work behavior, theoretical perspectives and empirical findings on this relationship remain inconsistent. Based on self-category theory, this study aims to comprehensively investigate when and how team cognitive diversity benefits or inhibits innovative work behavior. We introduced a new context of research (i.e., virtual teams) during COVID-19 and tested a moderated mediation model using a two-wave survey of 238 employees from 56 virtual teams in China. The results indicated that team cognitive diversity negatively related to knowledge sharing, which in turn inhibited innovative work behavior. In addition, openness to experience moderated the relationship between team cognitive diversity and knowledge sharing, such that cognitive diversity positively related to knowledge sharing among employees with a high openness to experience, while it negatively related to knowledge sharing among those with low openness. These findings enrich the existing literature on innovation by clarifying the mechanisms and boundary conditions of team cognitive diversity and innovative work behavior.

Author(s): Kailin Cheng [sup.1] , Chuanjun Liu [sup.2] , Jiangqun Liao [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/03cve4549, grid.12527.33, 0000 0001 0662 3178, Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, , Haidian District, 100084, [...], Air pollution is a global concern with both health and psychological costs. Drawing upon the unethical impacts of air pollution, this paper proposes that haze could give rise to unethical tendencies through enhanced anonymity. Big data analysis of daily web searches across a period of three years revealed that an increase in web searches for unethical words was associated with hazy days. Three subsequent experiments established the causal effects of psychologically experiencing haze or personally experiencing hazy days on unethical intentions and cheating behaviors. Moreover, these effects were mediated by perceived anonymity, intensified by the low visibility in haze. In support of deindividuation, masking, which could boost perceived anonymity, amplified the unethical effects of air pollution. Taken together, these findings suggest that perceived anonymity was a key psychological process underlying the unethical effects of haze. The findings of the study provide insights for researchers and policy makers to tackle the adverse effects of anonymity, especially on polluted days.

Author(s): Carin Bergh [sup.1] , Jenny M. Hoobler [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.49697.35, 0000 0001 2107 2298, Department of Human Resource Management, University of Pretoria, , Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa [...], We explore whether abusive supervision may occur more in mixed-race supervisor-subordinate dyads. Specifically, our model tests whether, in mixed-race dyads, a manager's implicit racial bias may be associated with racial microaggressions, and, subsequently, subordinates' perceptions of the degree to which that manager is an abusive supervisor. Social identity theory supports the why of these predictions. We also test when it may be possible for some managers to overcome their racial biases-by engaging in behaviors reflective of viewing their subordinates as individuals, rather than members of another race, via individuation theory. In this vein, we investigate a way in which race-based mistreatment and abusive supervision may be mitigated. We tested our predictions in 137 manager-employee dyads in two chemical manufacturing firms in South Africa. We found a positive relationship between manager implicit racial bias and abusive supervision, and that this relationship is lessened by individualized consideration-a moderator of the mediated effect of manager racial microaggressions on bias and abuse. Thus, our hypotheses were supported. We conclude with implications for victimized employees, and possible strategies to combat race-based aggression for organizations.

Author(s): Mohammad Ghazi Shahnawaz [sup.1] , Kaveri Gupta [sup.1] , Korsi Dorene Kharshiing [sup.1] , Drishti Kashyap [sup.1] , Masrat Khursheed [sup.1] , Neda Haseeb Khan [sup.1] , Ritika Uniyal [...], The present research explored individual and group level risk factors in preventive health and panic buying behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, COVID-19 anxiety, and personal identity were considered individual-level risk factors. Group based identities such as family, religious groups, and identification with one's nation were considered as group level risk factors. Standardized scales have been used to measure all the constructs under study. Data were collected electronically from 305 Indian respondents. Hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS Version 22 was used to test the hypotheses. Results showed that personal identity and identification with the nation predicted preventive health behavior. Panic buying behavior was predicted by the location of the respondents (containment versus non-containment zones), perceived severity, and one's personal identity. The interplay of individual and social factors is reflective of both individual and collective agencies in the adoption of preventive health behaviors, while only individual-level factors led to panic buying behavior. The findings of this study have implications for curbing, managing, and reinforcing desirable and non-desirable behavior during the present pandemic as well as in the future as well.

Author(s): Yanhui Mao [sup.1] [sup.2] , Xinyue Kang [sup.3] , Yao Lai [sup.3] , Junkai Yu [sup.3] , Xuyuan Deng [sup.3] , Yuxi Zhai [sup.4] , Feng Kong [sup.5] , [...], The present work investigated fundamental mediating mechanisms (i.e., flow experience, organizational identification, and trust), underlining the impact of authentic leadership on employee resilience during the turbulent COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 901 frontline employees working in a construction engineering company in China participated in this study. They were asked to respond to a battery of questionnaires comprising Trust Scale (affective-based, cognitive-based, and competence-based), Flow Proneness Questionnaire (FPQ), Organizational Identification Scale, Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, and Employee Resilience Scale. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that: (1) Authentic leadership positively predicted employee resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic, directly and indirectly. (2) As for the indirect relationship, two parallel mediation effects and one chain mediation were detected: employees' flow at work and organizational identification respectively and dependently mediated the relationship between authentic leadership and employee resilience; trust and organizational identification played as a chain mediation role within authentic leadership-employee resilience association. The study provides empirical evidence for organizations' resilience-building and leadership training programs. Findings also contribute to the literature by facilitating flow intervention, promoting organizational identification and trust to enhance the effect of authentic leadership in promoting positive psychological functioning of employee resilience. Limitations with respect to future research directions were also outlined.

As with all start-ups, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a changing environment for migrant start-ups. These changes have posed many challenges to altering strategic behaviour and approaches to driving business. We explored migrant start-ups' embeddedness in entrepreneurial ecosystems by analysing data from 14 semi-structured interviews with start-ups from Berlin's knowledge-intensive business services sector. We argue that the success of migrant start-ups during crises is dependent mainly on the embeddedness in the local entrepreneurial ecosystem. Thus, we expect entrepreneurs to utilise local networks, infrastructures and interactions to help them cope with the challenges and pave the way for local and international business activities. Our results indicate that embedding in local entrepreneurial ecosystems and a sense of belonging, especially during the business formation phase, play a vital role for migrant start-ups in general and crisis. Revitalising the concept of local embeddedness while considering business development stages, this study challenges the prevailing notion of transnational networks as the sole determinant of entrepreneurial success. Instead, we advocate for greater recognition of the significance of accessing local resources, including market knowledge, social relationships, and institutional support, as fundamental factors driving business development and crisis management within the host country. By recognising and nurturing these local resources, policymakers and support organisations can create an enabling environment that empowers migrant start-ups to thrive, adapt, and contribute to the local EE and economic wealth. Key words: migrant entrepreneurship, migrant start-ups transnationalism; translocal embeddedness COVID-19; crisis; entrepreneurial ecosystem, Introduction Migrant start-up activities are an essential indicator of economic development, as they are instrumental in creatively combining research results into new products and business models and commercialising these innovations [...]

Author(s): Douglas P. Kennedy [sup.1] , Alex Haley [sup.1] , Roni Evans [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.17635.36, 0000000419368657, University of Minnesota, Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing, , [...], Addressing teachers' ability to better navigate stress and emotional responses has the potential to improve classroom behaviors, student learning as well as teachers' wellbeing. While there is growing interest in mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), there is need for greater attention to design aligned with relevant theories and transparent reporting to improve the rigor and translation of research. While utilized widely in health and behavior fields, behavior change theory has not been applied extensively in education or MBI research. This descriptive methodological paper articulates the intervention mapping and design process of an MBI to improve teachers' stress and emotional regulation. To improve reporting, we use a post hoc application of a well-established behavioral model. Application of the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) as part of an intervention mapping approach for an MBI to align teacher's needs with intervention elements most likely to achieve desired behavioral outcomes. The paper illustrates an approach which includes defining the problem in behavioral terms, identification of target behaviors and behavioral change techniques, and selection of strategies and modes of intervention delivery. A systematic intervention mapping approach applying the BCW can yield a holistic MBI for the desired behavior change, enhanced emotion and stress regulation in teachers. This example of applying the BCW to the design of an MBI demonstrates how intervention designers and researchers can make decisions about which techniques and delivery components to include in their interventions, and how to systematically describe them. Such approaches have the potential to improve the reporting and methodological rigor of future MBI research and the successful application of interventions in practice.

Author(s): Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan [sup.1] , Ali Haider Mohammed [sup.1] [sup.2] , Abdulrasool M. Wayyes [sup.1] , Sinan Subhi Farhan [sup.3] , Omar Abdulwahid Al-Ani [sup.1] , Ali Blebil [...], Governments worldwide have imposed lockdowns in their countries to restrict unnecessary movement and curb the spread and transmission of the Covid-19 as a mitigation measure. The education sector has also implemented rapid changes, and this has transformed the operational procedures for both students and lecturers. As the pandemic has progressed, its emotional and psychological toll is equally bearing on students, leading to lockdown fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the level of lockdown-induced fatigue and its correlation with personal resilience and coping skills among university students in Iraq. This study used quantitative methods of research using a cross-sectional study design. A questionnaire survey was distributed electronically among 819 university students in Iraq. The study used three standardised scales: the lockdown fatigue scale, brief resilience scale, and coping behaviours questionnaire for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were done using SPSS. Overall, students indicated a high level of lockdown fatigue with a mean score of 33.48out of 50. Fear of personal safety and the wellbeing of the family was the most fear expressed by the students. The ability to go through stressful times and unpleasant events was the most common worry among the students. Female, urbanised, and science field students were the most students who suffered from lockdown-induced fatigue. However, positive coping behaviours and personal resilience were significantly correlated with decreasing fatigue levels during the lockdown period. Level of lockdown fatigue accelerated in an alarming stage among university students in Iraq. Hence, students need to build their emotional resilience and learn how to navigate surviving hard times and bounce back after a loss. This could be facilitated by counselling services being availed to educational and social institutions to benefit university students.

Author(s): Alex Yue Feng Zhu [sup.1] , Kee Lee Chou [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411382.d, 0000 0004 1770 0716, Institute of Policy Studies, Lingnan University, , Tuen Mun, Hong Kong [...], On the basis of conceptualizing militant action as non-normative political participation, the group-based model of appraisal and emotions (GAE) depicts a pathway that explains public support for militant protest as the outcome of group-based subjective situational assessment and consequent emotional feelings. With data from two samples (one identified with militant protesters and the other with moderate protesters) in the anti-ELAB movement, we validated two classical pathways in the GAE among Hong Kong residents. Among people identifying with militant protesters, perceiving excessive police action and collective efficacy with militant protesters were significantly associated with support for militant protest via contempt rather than anger. Among people identifying with moderate protesters, perceiving excessive police action and collective efficacy with moderate protesters were significantly associated with support for moderate protest via anger rather than contempt. In addition, we extended the GAE by validating a new pathway that those identifying with moderate protesters would also support militant protest when they felt contempt. The findings indicate that the association between emotion and attitude toward collective action is not fully based on group identification. Our findings unpacked public support for militant protest into support from people identifying with militant protesters and support from those identifying with moderate protesters. The results of this research indicate that the solidarity between militant and moderate protesters in the anti-ELAB movement was not only a tactical cooperation but also a common emotional response (contempt). Our findings propose political communication as a potentially effective manner to deradicalize public attitudes, the core of which should be to mitigate people's contempt.

Author(s): Muhammed Sukru Aydin [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.9601.e, 0000 0001 2166 6619, Faculty of Letters, Department of Psychology, Istanbul University, , Istanbul, Turkey Introduction Lying can be described as [...], This study investigates the influence of helping and collaboration on children's prosocial lie-telling behaviours. A total of 112 children, aged between 42 and 60 months (57 girls), participated in the study. The children in the control group were given an undesirable gift task. To see the impact of time spent with the children in the placebo control group, children completed a puzzle and then received an undesirable gift task. The children in the two different experimental groups were the recipients of helping or collaboration tasks, then their prosocial lies were measured. Results showed that the children in the experimental groups showed a significantly higher prosocial lie-telling behaviour than the control group. It was also found that there was a significant difference between the placebo group and the experimental helping group. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to clarify the predictive effects of control and experimental conditions on prosocial lie-telling behaviour. It was founded that being in the control and placebo control group significantly reduced the likelihood of prosocial lie telling behaviour. Results were discussed in light of the impact of children's closeness with others and minimal group effects in prosocial lie-telling and cultural factors that might affect prosocial lies.

Author(s): Birga M. Schumpe [sup.1] , Jocelyn J. Bélanger [sup.2] , Claudia F. Nisa [sup.2] , Antonio Pierro [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7177.6, 0000000084992262, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, [...], This paper makes a case for explaining diversity effects through cognitive factors as compared to demographic or other differences in backgrounds. We argue that studying perceived diversity in conjunction with diversity beliefs can explain positive and negative effects through a motivated opening or closing of the mind (Need for Cognitive Closure, NFCC). NFCC is the motivation to avoid uncertainty and ambiguity. In Study 1, we experimentally demonstrate that asking participants to think about differences among their coworkers increases their NFCC. Study 2 shows that greater uncertainty about social norms in the workplace is positively related to NFCC. Study 3 confirms the mediating role of NFCC in explaining divergent thinking attitudes in expatriates working in various multicultural cities around the world. Study 4 demonstrates that perceived diversity is positively associated with NFCC when people hold negative beliefs about diversity, whereas positive beliefs mitigate this effect. Lastly, Study 5 shows that the interaction between perceived diversity and diversity beliefs is further moderated by task type. Taken together, the present research highlights the importance of studying cognitive factors to explain diversity effects.

Author(s): Matthias Donat [sup.1] , Anna Willisch [sup.1] , Anett Wolgast [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.9018.0, 0000 0001 0679 2801, Department of Educational Psychology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, , [...], The aim of this study was to investigate concurrent relations of belief in a just world (BJW), justice experiences, and empathy to cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization. Our theoretical framework contained a distinction between personal and general BJW and between affective and cognitive empathy. Due to theory and recent research, we expected students' BJW, lecturer and fellow student justice, and empathy to relate negatively to cyber-bullying perpetration. Furthermore, BJW and academic justice experiences are also expected to negatively relate to cyber-bullying victimization. In order to test our hypotheses, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study with N = 663 German university students (M.sub.age = 22.6, SD.sub.age = 3.5; 68% female). Gender, internet use, and social desirability were considered as control variables. A structural equation model showed that students' personal BJW, academic justice experiences, and both empathy dimensions but not general BJW negatively related to cyber-bullying perpetration. Additionally, students' personal BJW and academic justice experiences but not general BJW or empathy were associated with cyber-bullying victimization. Male students and those with a low social desirability were more likely to report cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization. Altogether, not only university students' personal BJW and empathy but also their academic justice experiences related to cyber-bullying perpetration or victimization. Thus, researchers should develop strategies aiming to prevent or reduce cyber-bullying. Those should simultaneously foster students' personal BJW and empathy as well as an academic environment characterized by just behavior of lecturers and students.

Author(s): Estelle Michinov [sup.1] , Nicolas Michinov [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.410368.8, 0000 0001 2191 9284, Laboratory of Psychology: Cognition, Behavior and Communication (LP3C), Department of Psychology, Univ Rennes, , [...], With the COVID-19 outbreak, the population was suddenly forced to "stay at home". Although research suggests that social isolation affects health and wellbeing, reactions may vary depending on individuals. The current study assessed the relationships between personality variables (preference for solitude and Big Five personality), mental health (anxiety, stress, loneliness), and creativity, and tried to determine whether the identified personality profiles affect individuals' mental health and creativity. French respondents (N = 430) filled in an online questionnaire during the first lockdown in Spring 2020. The results showed that the preference for solitude and personality variables of the Big Five predicted individuals' mental health and creativity. Moreover, a cluster analysis revealed three profiles of individuals: "Affiliation", "Emotionally Stable Lonely" and "Emotionally Unstable Lonely". Results showed that individuals with "Affiliation" and "Emotionally Unstable Lonely" profiles expressed higher stress and anxiety, and the latter performed better on a divergent creative thinking task. By contrast, those with an "Emotionally Stable Lonely" profile expressed a lower level of loneliness, and performed better on a creative insight task. These findings reveal the importance of personality profiles in psychological reactions during lockdowns. With this knowledge, health professionals could develop appropriate interventions to accompany high-risk individuals in situations of social isolation.

Author(s): Kiara Roth [sup.1] [sup.2] , Kai Kaspar [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10253.35, 0000 0004 1936 9756, Philipps-University of Marburg, , Marburg, Germany (2) grid.6190.e, 0000 0000 8580 3777, University [...], Holding companies accountable for their decisions' environmental side effects becomes increasingly important in the light of current debates on the climate crisis. The present study investigated a young sample's (n = 925) causal and moral responsibility attributions to a company's manager and their subordinate employee, who were either young or middle-aged. The agents jointly made a profit-oriented decision which either harmed or helped the environment. Results were analyzed with respect to the valence of the side effect, the agents' social role, the agents' age group, and participants' affective state. We successfully replicated findings from prior studies, showing that more intention and moral responsibility is ascribed to the manager in case of a negative side effect than in case of a positive side effect, and that the manager deserves more blame for negative side effects than the employee, whereas the employee deserves more praise for positive side effects. Additionally, responsibility attributions varied with the agents' age group, participants' positive and negative affective state, and participants' gender. By incorporating these hitherto neglected factors, the study complements existing theories of responsibility attribution and intergroup perception. The findings further highlight the contribution of affective mechanisms as driving factors of responsibility attributions. Combining moral responsibility research, intergroup research, and affective measures promises to foster the understanding of how and to whom people ascribe blame, praise, and causal responsibility for environmental consequences.

Inflammatory processes affecting the pancreatobiliary tract may be localized or systemic diseases with a local presentation, presenting as mass lesions or ductal strictures. Acute and chronic pancreatitis are the most [...], Context.-A variety of inflammatory processes affect the pancreatobiliary tree. Some form mass lesions in the pancreas, mimicking pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and others cause strictures in the bile ducts, mimicking cholangiocarcinoma. Acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis, and paraduodenal groove pancreatitis have distinct cytopathologic features that, when correlated with clinical and imaging features, may lead to correct classification preoperatively. In biliary strictures sampled by endobiliary brushing, the uniform features are the variable presence of inflammation and reactive ductal atypia. A potential pitfall in the interpretation of pancreatobiliary fine-needle aspiration and duct brushing specimens is ductal atypia induced by the reactive process. Recognizing cytologic criteria that differentiate reactive from malignant epithelium, using ancillary testing, and correlating these features with clinical and imaging findings can lead to the correct preoperative diagnosis. Objective.-To summarize the cytomorphologic features of inflammatory processes in the pancreas, describe the cytomorphology of atypia in pancreatobiliary specimens, and review ancillary studies applicable for the differential diagnosis of benign from malignant ductal processes for the purpose of best pathology practice. Data Sources.-A PubMed review was performed. Conclusions.-Accurate preoperative diagnosis of benign and malignant processes in the pancreatobiliary tract can be achieved with application of diagnostic cytomorphologic criteria and correlation of ancillary studies with clinical and imaging findings. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0595-RA

Author(s): Israel Krieger [sup.1] , Galit Erez [sup.1] , Orly Weinstein [sup.2] [sup.6] , Arnon Dov Cohen [sup.3] [sup.4] , Dana Tzur Bitan [sup.5] [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.12136.37, 0000 [...], In this study we aimed to assess whether individuals with ASD are prone to higher infection rates, or to severe COVID-19 illness. Individuals with ASD and age- and gender-matched controlled counterparts (total n = 32,812) were assessed for COVID-19 infection rates and hospitalizations. Results indicated higher infection rates among individuals with ASD, with the largest effect among individuals aged 40-60 (OR = 2.05, 95%CI 1.33-3.15, p < .001), as well as higher odds for hospitalizations, evident primarily in men (OR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.14-5.02, p = 0.02) but not women. Medical and environmental risk factors may associate ASD with higher infection and morbidity rates. Healthcare policy providers should consider proactive steps to protect this population from the associated risks.

Author(s): Gaëlle Marinthe [sup.2] [sup.1] , Benoit Testé [sup.2] , Rodolphe Kamiejski [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.433893.6, 0000 0001 2184 0541, Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and [...], Desecration of national symbols is a recurring societal phenomenon that can lead to highly defensive reactions from some citizens, especially on the part of those expressing a strong attachment to the nation. In this paper, we investigated the effects of blind and constructive patriotism when faced with an ingroup (vs. outgroup) national flag burning on ingroup bias, taking into consideration the mediating role of perceived threat. In two studies (N = 252), the level of blind patriotism predicted stronger ingroup bias-due to more negative evaluation of visible minorities and/or more positive evaluation of the ingroup-when another ingroup member burnt an ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag. This effect was partly mediated by a greater threat to the group&apos;s image perceived by blindly patriotic people when the ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag was burnt (Study 2). Study 2 also highlighted a main effect of the symbol: ingroup bias was stronger when the ingroup (vs. outgroup) flag was burnt. We discuss the implications of our findings with respect to the role played by modes of national attachment and the consequences of desecrating symbols.

Author(s): Anna Wlodarczyk [sup.1] , Larraitz Zumeta [sup.2] , Nekane Basabe [sup.2] , Bernard Rimé [sup.3] [sup.4] , Dario Páez [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.8049.5, 0000 0001 2291 598X, Escuela [...], Two quasi-experimental and longitudinal studies examined positive effects of participation in positively valence collective religious and secular activities. Collective emotional gatherings strengthen social cohesion, enhance personal and collective self-esteem, positive affect, and positive shared beliefs among participants, through processes of emotional synchrony. Furthermore, perceived emotional synchrony is associated with experiencing qualitatively different self-transcendent and enjoyment emotions. In Study 1 we compared the effects of participating in Sunday Mass and other secular Sunday activities on enhancement of transcendence beliefs and collective self-esteem and tested the mediational role of perceived emotional synchrony and self-transcendent and enjoyment emotions. In Study 2 serial mediational analyses supported a model in which perceived emotional synchrony increases self-transcendent and enjoyment emotions, which subsequently foster enhancement of positive outcomes (controlling for the baseline) of participation in ritualized folkloric event. The results are discussed from the perspective of neo-Durkheimian model of ritual, emphasizing the role of perceived emotional synchrony over self-trascendent emotions, and from a socio-cultural approach to well-being.

Author(s): Özgür Salih Kaya [sup.1] , Ibrahim Keklik [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.6935.9, 0000 0001 1881 7391, Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Middle East Technical University, [...], This study intended to examine the adjustment experiences of Syrian immigrant university students through their immigration process in Turkey. A qualitative design was utilized. The participants consisted of 14 students attending to state universities in Ankara, 7 of whom were males and 7 females. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews conducted by one of the researchers. Two main categories were identified while analyzing the process of social adaptation of Syrian immigrant university students. These categories were: (a) Integration in Turkey and (b) adaptation to university life. There were six themes under these categories. These themes were; risk factors, protective factors, future expectations, resilience, sense of exclusion/belonging, and facilities at university. Each theme is further divided into subcategories. The findings of the study were discussed in the same order with these subcategories. The results showed that the Syrian university students experienced a relatively easier and faster process of adjustment compared to other Syrians in Turkey. The effects of war seemed to influence the interviewees&apos; endurance against hardships in Turkey and their integration process in Turkey. Some of the most prominent factors impacting the interviewees&apos; process of social inclusion in Turkey were their social and psychological supports, individual characteristics, attending to a university, and social activities at the respective university. Implications, limitations of the study and recommendations for future research were discussed.

Author(s): Özden Melis Ulug [sup.1] [sup.2] , Nevin Solak [sup.3] , Betül Kanik [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.254277.1, 0000 0004 0486 8069, Department of Psychology, Clark University, , 950 Main [...], The coronavirus pandemic has caused unemployment to skyrocket, exposed the longstanding inequalities in health care services and working conditions, and mainly affected the poor in different parts of the world. In the current study, we focus on social identity and social class-related factors that are critical during the pandemic to gain insights into what predicts support for policies favoring economic equality in the post-pandemic period. We argue that to the extent that individuals 1) identify with all humanity during the pandemic, 2) are aware of their socio-economic status-based privilege, 3) do not hold classist attitudes, they would support policies favoring economic equality. In Study 1, survey data from 1212 participants in Turkey were analyzed by means of hierarchical linear regression analysis. The findings showed that stronger identification with all humanity, higher awareness of socio-economic status-based privilege, and less endorsement of classist attitudes predict more support for socio-economic equality policies in the post-pandemic period, after controlling for socio-demographic and socio-political characteristics of participants. Study 2 (N = 212) replicated the findings in a different context, namely the U.S. Our findings extend previous studies by showing the importance of a global identity, such as shared human identity, in the ongoing and potentially in the aftermath of the pandemic. In addition, our findings highlight the joint contributions of socio-economic factors such as classist attitudes and awareness of class-based privilege to the support for socio-economic policies.

Hostile online communication is a global concern. Academic research and teaching staff are among those professionals who routinely give public comments and are thus vulnerable to online attacks. This social psychological and criminological study investigated online harassment victimization among university researchers and teachers. Survey participants (N = 2,492) were university research and teaching staff members from five major universities in Finland. Victimization was assessed with a 20-item inventory. The study included a wide range of both background and general measures on well-being at work. Participants also took part in an online experiment involving a death threat targeting a colleague. Results showed that 30% of the participants reported being victims of online harassment during the prior 6 months. Victims were more often senior staff members, minority group members, and from the social sciences and humanities. Those active in traditional or social media were much more likely to be targeted. Victims reported higher psychological distress, lower generalized trust, and lower perceived social support at work than non-victims. Individuals who were targeted by a colleague from their work community reported higher post-traumatic stress disorder scores and a higher impact of perceived online harassment on their work compared to other victims. In the experimental part of the study, participants reported more anxiety when a close colleague received a death threat. Participants also recommended more countermeasures to a close colleague than to an unknown person from the same research field. Results indicate that online harassment compromises well-being at work in academia. There is an urgent need to find ways of preventing online harassment, both in workplaces and in society at large., Author(s): Atte Oksanen [sup.1] , Magdalena Celuch [sup.1] , Rita Latikka [sup.1] , Reetta Oksa [sup.1] , Nina Savela [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.502801.e, 0000 0001 2314 6254, Faculty of [...]

In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) identified vaccine hesitancy and refusal as one of the top 10 threats to global public health.[sup.1] As of October 2021, this warning has [...], : Objective: Tailored communication is necessary to address COVID?19 vaccine hesitancy and increase uptake. We aimed to understand the information needs, perceived benefits and barriers to COVID?19 vaccination of people prioritised, but hesitant to receive the vaccine. Method: In this qualitative study in Victoria, Australia (February?May 2021), we purposively sampled hesitant adults who were health or aged/disability care workers (n=20), or adults aged 18?69 with comorbidities or aged ?70 years (?prioritised adults?; n=19). We thematically analysed interviews inductively, then deductively organised themes within the World Health Organization Behavioural and Social Drivers of vaccination model. Two stakeholder workshops (n=12) explored understanding and preferences for communicating risks and benefits. We subsequently formed communication recommendations. Results: Prioritised adults and health and aged care workers had short? and long?term safety concerns specific to personal circumstances, and felt like ?guinea pigs?. They saw vaccination as beneficial for individual and community protection and travel. Some health and aged care workers felt insufficiently informed to recommend vaccines, or viewed this as outside their scope of practice. Workshop participants requested interactive materials and transparency from spokespeople about uncertainty. Conclusions and public health implications: Eleven recommendations address communication content, delivery and context to increase uptake and acceptance of COVID?19 vaccines.

Australia's relatively successful response to the coronavirus pandemic has been largely attributed to the community's compliance with restrictions on social behaviour and movement.[sup.1] Government and public health leaders have praised [...], : Objective: We assessed differences between Australians? perceptions of their own compliance with coronavirus restrictions and their perceptions of community compliance. Methods: We surveyed a national quota sample of 1,691 Australians in August and September 2020. Participants reported their level of compliance with coronavirus restrictions and estimated compliance from others in their state/territory. Results: Overwhelmingly, most people reported complying with restrictions. They believed their fellow community members were much less compliant. Age and other demographics were only weakly associated with self?reported compliance and perceptions of others? compliance. Conclusions: The results are consistent with prevalent cognitive biases, including the tendency to believe one is better?than?average, and to more easily recall instances of deviances from social norms. Implications for public health: We recommend public health messaging avoids amplifying instances of social transgressions of coronavirus restrictions. Instead, the widespread nature of social compliance with restrictions across the country should be emphasised.

Author(s): Mariam O. Fofana 1,*, Nivison Nery 2,3, Juan P. Aguilar Ticona 1,2,3, Emilia M. M. de Andrade Belitardo 3, Renato Victoriano 3, Rôsangela O. Anjos 3, Moyra M. Portilho [...], Background The structural environment of urban slums, including physical, demographic, and socioeconomic attributes, renders inhabitants more vulnerable to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Yet, little is known about the specific determinants that contribute to high transmission within these communities. We therefore aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in an urban slum in Brazil. Methods and findings We performed a cross-sectional serosurvey of an established cohort of 2,041 urban slum residents from the city of Salvador, Brazil between November 2020 and February 2021, following the first Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave in the country and during the onset of the second wave. The median age in this population was 29 years (interquartile range [IQR] 16 to 44); most participants reported their ethnicity as Black (51.5%) or Brown (41.7%), and 58.5% were female. The median size of participating households was 3 (IQR 2 to 4), with a median daily per capita income of 2.32 (IQR 0.33-5.15) US Dollars. The main outcome measure was presence of IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We implemented multilevel models with random intercepts for each household to estimate seroprevalence and associated risk factors, adjusting for the sensitivity and specificity of the assay, and the age and gender distribution of our study population. We identified high seroprevalence (47.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 44.2% to 52.1%), particularly among female residents (50.3% [95% CI 46.3% to 54.8%] versus 44.6% [95% CI 40.1% to 49.4%] among male residents, p < 0.01) and among children (54.4% [95% CI 49.6% to 59.3%] versus 45.4% [95% CI 41.5% to 49.7%] among adults, p < 0.01). Adults residing in households with children were more likely to be seropositive (48.6% [95% CI 44.8% to 52.3%] versus 40.7% [95% CI 37.2% to 44.3%], p < 0.01). Women who were unemployed and living below the poverty threshold (daily per capita household income Conclusions Prior to the peak of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, cumulative incidence as assessed by serology approached 50% in a Brazilian urban slum population. In contrast to observations from industrialized countries, SARS-CoV-2 incidence was highest among children, as well as women living in extreme poverty. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions that provide safe environments for children and mitigate the structural risks posed by crowding and poverty for the most vulnerable residents of urban slum communities.