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It seems reasonable to look back retrospectively from the endpoint of a narrative to its genesis--in this case, the beginning of Daniel R. Mandelker's distinguished career as a professor, analyst, [...]

The first time I saw the name "Dan Mandelker" was in 1984 at a university bookstore in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Dan and Roger Cunningham co-wrote the casebook that the late, [...]

I. Introduction THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT'S RECENT DECISION IN REED V. TOWN OF GILBERT, (1) added yet another nuance to American constitutional jurisprudence on free speech regulation. For almost [...]

I. Introduction II. Billboard Regulation in the State Courts III. Free Speech Litigation, Overbreadth and Severability IV. The Central Hudson Criteria for Commercial Speech V. Metromedia Upholds a Commercial Billboard [...], This Article reviews the competing demands free speech law makes when applied to sign and billboard ordinances. It describes the free speech doctrines that apply, explains ambiguities and conflicts, and makes recommendations for sign regulations that can avoid constitutional problems. The Article first explains how state courts decided the constitutionality of billboard controls before free speech law applied. It then describes the litigation problems municipalities face in sign litigation, and considers the overbreadth and severability doctrines that litigants can use to strike sign ordinances down. Ordinances that regulate signs typically regulate commercial speech. The Article explains the criteria the Supreme Court adopted for laws that regulate commercial speech, and how the Court liberally applied these criteria in a case upholding an ordinance that prohibited billboards. Lower court cases that applied this case are discussed next. They followed the Supreme Court's approach in billboard cases but sometimes added new requirements. The Article then describes the free speech time, place, and manner rules that are an alternative to commercial speech doctrine, and how courts apply these rules to sign ordinances. Regulations for digital billboards are discussed next. The Article concludes by discussing the constitutional protections courts provide for noncommercial speech, and the constitutional restrictions they require for signs that regulate content.

Abstract: The onslaught of chains such as Wal-Mart and Starbucks has driven some state and local lawmakers to craft regulations prohibiting these types of national chains. In response, several national [...]

2. Implied Preemption Chief Justice Marshall also laid the theoretical framework for implied preemption in general, and obstacle preemption in particular, in the early nineteenth century. In M'Culloch v. Maryland, [...]

"I'm going to make him an offer he can't [afford to] refuse" --The Godfather The Godfather, Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 blockbuster, is a timeless classic. (1) In addition to its [...]

INTRODUCTION In March of 1997, Mary Seton Coroby and her then-business partner Tom Sereduk stood on the abandoned, trash-strewn lot of a former galvanized steel plant in Philadelphia. (1) The [...]

IN THE LAST TWENTY YEARS, A CADRE OF CITIES AND TOWNS across the United States has prohibited or otherwise limited the number of "formula" businesses through use of the local [...]

INTRODUCTION Would you like fries with that? Unfortunately, this phrase has become all too common to American adults and children alike. Fast food has become imbedded in American culture. McDonald's [...]

The function and activities within the associated Societies are divided into major areas as follows: Organization 000-099 Nominations 100-199 Operations & Finance 200-299 Publications 300-399 Awards 400-499 Profession Advancement 500-599 [...]

The function and activities within the associated Societies are divided into major areas as follows: Organization 000-099 Nominations 100-199 Operations & Finance 200-299 Publications 300-399 Awards 400-499 Profession Advancement 500-599 [...]

The function and activities within the associated Societies are divided into major areas as follows: Organization 000-099 Nominations 100-199 Operations & Finance 200-299 Publications 300-399 Awards 400-499 Profession Advancement 500-599 [...]

ABSTRACT: Time domain reflectometry (TDR) has changed the way researchers measure soil water content. A technology similar to TDR, called frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) can now he applied to practical [...]

The function and activities within the associated Societies are divided into major areas as follows: Organization 000-099 Nominations 100-199 Operations & Finance 200-299 Publications 300-399 Awards 400-499 Profession Advancement 500-599 [...]

In February 2006, President Bush launched an ambitious plan called the 'Advanced Energy Initiative.' Its aim is to reduce America's crude oil imports from the Middle East by 75 percent [...]