Search

Background One of the most common mental illnesses worldwide and that has significant negative effects on well-being and physical health, is depression. Many factors that affect the occurrence of depression are biopsychosocial. Elderly people have high risk factors for depression. This study aims to review and find a gap in current evidence of biopsychosocial factors affecting depression in the elderly. Methods We conducted an advanced search on PubMed database between October and November 2021. We screened the bibliographies of the articles from the database search using a set of inclusion criteria: studies with quantitative design; elderly population sample; exploration of at least one biopsychosocial factor; depression as the outcome or dependent variable; written in English; and published between 2011 and 2021. Results We found 54 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, five papers discussed biopsychosocial factors, 18 discussed biological and psychological/social factors, five discussed psychosocial factors, and the rest of the studies discussed one component of biopsychosocial factors. Biological factors influencing elderly depression include being female, having health problems or low health status, older age, genetics, brain structure, and biomarkers, taking certain drugs, and lack of or inability to carry out daily activities. Psychosocial factors include lack of social support, low education level, financial problems, single/unmarried, lack of contact with family/friends, living alone, low self-perceived health, stressful life events, loneliness, and losing hobbies. From the literature search, it was also found that there are biopsychosocial factors that have not been studied and are expected to be able to make references for future research. From this literature review, we found gaps in the availability of evidence about biopsychosocial factors that require further research. Conclusions Knowing the biopsychosocial factors that affect them can help to prevent depression in the elderly.

Background: Moringa oleifera fruit extract contains beneficial chemical compounds. This study was conducted to observed the power of antioxidant against liver injury by 2-Nitropropane induction in an obese male mice model. Methods: This research was in vivo laboratory experimental study with a post-test control design group only. The population was obese male mice models, Swiss strain, aged 6–8 weeks, weighing between 60–80 gr. The research sample was determined by Federer's formula for a complete randomized design experimental test, group N (control), O1 (induced by 2-Nitropropane intraperitoneal (i.p) once), O2 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p twice), P1 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. once and gavage with M. oleifera fruit extract 500mg/kg bodyweight (BW) once a day), P2 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. twice and gavage of M. oleifera fruit extract 500mg/kg BW once a day), and P3 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. twice and gavage of vitamin C 500mg/kg BW once a day). Antioxidant potential parameters were measured by levels of malondialdehide (MDA), glutation (GSH), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), catalase activity, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). This research was held at the Biochemistry laboratory of Medicine Faculty, UPN Veteran Jakarta in May–September 2020. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. The parameters were tested using ANOVA. Results: MDA levels decreased, GSH increased, 8-OHdG decreased, catalase activity increased, MnSOD activity increased and SGOT, SGPT levels decreased. M. oleifera fruit extract was statistically proven to be a candidate for potential antioxidant against liver injury of 2-Nitropropane induction in obese male mice model. Conclusions: M. oleifera fruit extract was statistically evident as an antioxidant substance that reduces oxidative stress in acute liver injury caused by 2-Nitropropane induction.

Background: Moringa oleifera fruit extract contains beneficial chemical compounds. This study was conducted to observed the power of antioxidant against liver injury by 2-Nitropropane induction in an obese male mice model. Methods: This research was in vivo laboratory experimental study with a post-test control design group only. The population was obese male mice models, Swiss strain, aged 6–8 weeks, weighing between 60–80 gr. The research sample was determined by Federer's formula for a complete randomized design experimental test, group N (control), O1 (induced by 2-Nitropropane intraperitoneal (i.p) once), O2 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p twice), P1 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. once and gavage with M. oleifera fruit extract 500mg/kg bodyweight (BW) once a day), P2 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. twice and gavage of M. oleifera fruit extract 500mg/kg BW once a day), and P3 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. twice and gavage of vitamin C 500mg/kg BW once a day). Antioxidant potential parameters were measured by levels of malondialdehide (MDA), glutation (GSH), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), catalase activity, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). This research was held at the Biochemistry laboratory of Medicine Faculty, UPN Veteran Jakarta in May–September 2020. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. The parameters were tested using ANOVA. Results: MDA levels decreased, GSH increased, 8-OHdG decreased, catalase activity increased, MnSOD activity increased and SGOT, SGPT levels decreased. M. oleifera fruit extract was statistically proven to be a candidate for potential antioxidant against liver injury of 2-Nitropropane induction in obese male mice model. Conclusions: M. oleifera fruit extract was statistically evident as an antioxidant substance that reduces oxidative stress in acute liver injury caused by 2-Nitropropane induction.

Background: One of the most common mental illnesses worldwide and that has significant negative effects on well-being and physical health, is depression. Many factors that affect the occurrence of depression are biopsychosocial. Elderly people have high risk factors for depression. This study aims to review and find a gap in current evidence of biopsychosocial factors affecting depression in the elderly. Methods: We conducted an advanced search on PubMed database between October and November 2021. We screened the bibliographies of the articles from the database search using a set of inclusion criteria: studies with quantitative design; elderly population sample; exploration of at least one biopsychosocial factor; depression as the outcome or dependent variable; written in English; and published between 2011 and 2021. Results: We found 54 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, five papers discussed biopsychosocial factors, 18 discussed biological and psychological/social factors, five discussed psychosocial factors, and the rest of the studies discussed one component of biopsychosocial factors. Biological factors influencing elderly depression include being female, having health problems or low health status, older age, genetics, brain structure, and biomarkers, taking certain drugs, and lack of or inability to carry out daily activities. Psychosocial factors include lack of social support, low education level, financial problems, single/unmarried, lack of contact with family/friends, living alone, low self-perceived health, stressful life events, loneliness, and losing hobbies. From the literature search, it was also found that there are biopsychosocial factors that have not been studied and are expected to be able to make references for future research. From this literature review, we found gaps in the availability of evidence about biopsychosocial factors that require further research. Conclusions: Knowing the biopsychosocial factors that affect them can help to prevent depression in the elderly.

Background: Stroke causes severe disability and mortality. Despite the fact that the pathology of acute stroke is well understood, publication on chronic stroke is still limited. Because scarring of glia limits the recovery area of acute stroke and reorganization capacity is reduced, discovering new treatments for chronic stroke poses substantial obstacles. In stroke research, rodent models are commonly utilized, and behavior testing is a crucial tool. To measure stroke outcomes and translating rodent findings to therapeutic trials, selecting relevant behavioral tests that fit the study purpose is critical. Here, we aimed to look at the last decade’s publications highlighting behaviour tests on chronic stroke rats. Hopefully, we were able to give more information about the behaviour tests to facilitate the researchers’ choice of appropriate test. Methods: By using a bibliometric analysis, we hope to systematically discuss rodent behavior tests in chronic stroke research. Documents were extracted from the Scopus database in April 2022. Excel and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used to conduct statistical and graphical analysis. Results: Research on 'behavioral test in chronic stroke rats' has progressed quickly, although the researchers have yet to collaborate with each other. H. Millani was an active researcher and author who connected numerous researchers, according to documents and citation analysis. “Animals”, “brain ischemia”, “man”, “publication”, and “animal experiment” were all common keywords. The majority of the articles were from the United States and China. The Morris Water Maze test and the cylinder test were the most commonly used behavior tests. Conclusions Clinical applications and therapeutic effectiveness against stroke could be improved with more collaboration amongst authors. When using a behavior test, researchers need to think about which neurological deficiency is being addressed and whether the test covers long-term evaluation.

Background: The mangrove, Rhizophora mucronata, an essential source of endophytic bacteria, was investigated for its ability to produce glutaminase-free L-asparaginase. The study aimed to obtain glutaminase-free L-asparaginase-producing endophytic bacteria from the mangrove and to optimize enzyme production. Methods: The screening of L-asparaginase-producing bacteria used modified M9 medium. The potential producer was further analyzed with respect to its species using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Taguchi experimental design was applied to optimize the enzyme production. Four factors (L-asparagine concentration, pH, temperature, and inoculum concentration) were selected at four levels. Results: The results indicated that the endophytic bacteria Lysinibacillus fusiformis B27 isolated from R. mucronata was a potential producer of glutaminase-free L-asparaginase. The experiment indicated that pH 6, temperature at 35°C, and inoculum concentration of 1.5% enabled the best production and were essential factors. L-asparagine (2%) was less critical for optimum production. Conclusions: L. fusiformis B27, isolated from Rhizophora mucronata, can be optimized for L-ASNase enzyme production using optimization factors (L-ASNase, pH, temperature, and inoculum), which can increase L-ASNase enzyme production by approximately three-fold.

Background: The mangrove, Rhizophora mucronata, an essential source of endophytic bacteria, was investigated for its ability to produce glutaminase-free L-asparaginase. The study aimed to obtain glutaminase-free L-asparaginase-producing endophytic bacteria from the mangrove and to optimize enzyme production. Methods: The screening of L-asparaginase-producing bacteria used modified M9 medium. The potential producer was further analyzed with respect to its species using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Taguchi experimental design was applied to optimize the enzyme production. Four factors (L-asparagine concentration, pH, temperature, and inoculum concentration) were selected at four levels. Results: The results indicated that the endophytic bacteria Lysinibacillus fusiformis B27 isolated from R. mucronata was a potential producer of glutaminase-free L-asparaginase. The experiment indicated that pH 6, temperature at 35°C, and inoculum concentration of 1.5% enabled the best production and were essential factors. L-asparagine (2%) was less critical for optimum production. Conclusions: L. fusiformis B27, isolated from Rhizophora mucronata, can be optimized for L-ASNase enzyme production using optimization factors (L-ASNase, pH, temperature, and inoculum), which can increase L-ASNase enzyme production by approximately three-fold.