248 results on '"PLUMBING"'
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2. Vocational Teachers' Craft Knowledge and Working-Life Experiences in Building and Construction: A Narrative Study of Embodied and Tacit Learning
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Marit Lensjø
- Abstract
Vocational teachers in building and construction in upper secondary school deal with complex situations of an organisational, vocational, and social kind. Recent research has shown that the teacher is the single most important factor for students' learning in school. Teacher-student relationships and the teacher's repertoire of teaching practices can be more important for the student's learning than class size, the classroom environment, and the student's socio-economic background. Beyond passing the journeyman's test, we know little about the craft knowledge and working life experiences vocational teachers in the building and construction trades have acquired over many years in the construction industry, and thus, what knowledge and experiences they bring into the vocational teacher role. Learning in working life often takes place as an integrated part of work, and it is difficult to observe how learning happens. Craft knowledge is often tacit and personal. In this narrative, phenomenologically inspired study, learning is investigated as a bodily, internal process that simultaneously depends on the interaction with the material and social environment. Through narrative interviews with eleven vocational teachers in plumbing and carpentry, this study explores the teachers' backgrounds as vocational students and apprentices, and their extensive experience as craftsmen on different construction sites. The analysis shows that the building site drives craft-related actions and situations that generate a strong craft identity, professional working life experiences, and personal growth. Craftsmen at the construction site work under constant pressure in a social, physically, and mentally demanding work environment and consecutively solve problems. As professional craftsmen in the complex working environment, the teachers also acquired social and organisational expertise, which they intuitively transferred to their role as vocational teachers.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Upskilling Trades for a Low Carbon Future: A Case Study of Gasfitting and Hydrogen
- Author
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Orana Sandri, Jan Hayes, and Sarah Holdsworth
- Abstract
A global transition to low-carbon, resource-efficient economies is occurring in response to risks posed by climate change and environmental degradation. Hydrogen is proposed as a zero-carbon substitute for natural gas with the potential to reduce carbon emissions in homes and businesses. Trades, including gasfitting, will be affected by the transition to a low-carbon economy and require upskilling to develop competencies to work with hydrogen to ensure safety and support domestic uptake. Understanding the training needs of trades practitioners is essential to the successful transition to a zero-carbon economy. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study of Australian gasfitters, exploring what motivates gasfitters to participate in training, what informs their ongoing learning and what their preferences are for hydrogen training. Most gasfitters are either self-employed or work in small businesses, and, as such, this context presents both challenges and opportunities to consider in upskilling strategies. Drawing on interview findings and literature on small business learning, the paper presents considerations to inform training approaches and policies in the transition to hydrogen and also, more broadly, for upskilling other small trade businesses similarly affected by a shift to low-carbon and green technologies.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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4. Tracer Study of 2017-2019 NAMCOL TVET Graduates
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Sichombe, Beatrice
- Abstract
This article focuses on the outcome of a tracer study of former NAMCOL TVET trainees who completed their training in 2017, 2018 and 2019 in the following trades: automotive mechanics, welding and metal fabrication, office administration and plumbing and pipe-fitting in terms of their employment profile, and opinions on the quality and effect of training they received in light of their employment experiences. The study adopted a mixed methods design, and it is based on Prosser's Theorems on vocational education. The study revealed that former trainees were well equipped with relevant knowledge and skills needed by the job market. However, the majority were unemployed, and among the employed, others were employed outside their specialisation. Furthermore, the study revealed some challenges that former trainees encountered while studying with NAMCOL, among others, inadequate equipment, lack of job attachment opportunities, financial constraints, and the delay of equipment and material supply. The study further made recommendations that could improve TVET quality and delivery at NAMCOL.
- Published
- 2022
5. How States Are Handling Lead in School Drinking Water. Education Leaders Report. Volume 7, No. 1
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National Association of State Boards of Education (NASBE), Pakenham, Caroline, and Olson, Bethany
- Abstract
By the time a child graduates from high school, they will have spent an estimated 15,600 hours at school. Because a significant amount of children's daily water intake comes from school water fountains, ensuring their access to safe drinking water at school is essential for their overall health. And one key health challenge that schools across the country may face is the presence of lead in drinking water. This National Association of State Boards of Education (NASBE) analysis details how statewide efforts to test for lead in school drinking water vary across the country. To better understand the landscape of lead in water testing and mitigation across the country, NASBE conducted a literature scan, online public data review, interviews, and surveys from April 2021 through August 2021. This report provides recommendations that state boards can implement to advocate for effective, equitable lead in water testing and mitigation.
- Published
- 2021
6. Visualising the Intended Practical Doing: Future-Oriented Movements in Swedish Vocational School Workshop Settings
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Asplund, Stig-Börje, Kilbrink, Nina, and Asghari, Hamid
- Abstract
Context: This article focuses on teaching and learning processes in a vocational classroom in Swedish vocational education. There are few studies within the field of vocational education that have a focus on how vocational learning is done in interaction in the vocational classroom/workshop, and what vocational learning content is displayed in the interaction between teacher and student, and thus made possible to learn. This article aims to fill this gap by exploring the future-oriented movements that take shape when a vocational teacher and vocational students negotiate how a practical task could, and should, be handled and solved in vocational teaching situations in vocational plumbing school workshop settings. An increased understanding of these processes can help to improve the actual teaching of a specific subject content to support students in their vocational learning, aiming for learning a professional trade. Methods: The data consist of video recorded lessons from the Sanitary, Heating and Property Maintenance Programme in Swedish upper secondary school. Through concrete empirical examples from video recorded lessons the article explores the interaction between teachers and students in vocational school workshop settings using CAVTA. CAVTA is based on Conversation Analysis (CA) and Variation Theory (VT) and is a theoretical and methodological framework that can be used together and integrated to reach understanding of both how- and what-aspects of the learning process in practice, when analysing teaching and interaction. Findings: Findings show how aspects concerning a specific vocational learning content that revolves around a vocational practical doing compete for the space with a vocational learning content of a more general nature. These general objects of learning are also related to work-specific vocational learning and knowledge in relation to the future profession, but on a more general level than the task specific vocational knowledge. Altogether, this illuminates how different layers of work-specific vocational learning are made visible in the interaction, and how they mutually contextualise each other in the here and now. Conclusion: This article illustrates that the specific and the general vocational learning content can complement each other and open up for a more in-depth vocational learning. In conclusion, this article emphasises the importance for vocational teachers to develop teaching strategies to navigate between helping the students in their problem solving here and now, and contextualising the specific vocational learning content and making vocational learning relevant for future vocational occupation and working life.
- Published
- 2021
7. Introducing the Object of Learning in Interaction: Vocational Teaching and Learning in a Plumbing Workshop Session
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Kilbrink, Nina, Asplund, Stig-Börje, and Asghari, Hamid
- Abstract
In vocational education, the learning content is often considered as concrete and specific, and the vocational learning involves physical work and interactions between participants and artefacts. Furthermore, one teacher has the overall responsibility for several students during classes in the vocational workshop at school, which means that the teacher has limited time for every single student and that the few minutes they meet become very important. However, the documented knowledge about how vocational learning is constituted in the vocational classroom and what learning content is focused on in the interaction between teachers and students is very sparse. In this study, we focus on how the enacted object of learning and its critical aspects are made relevant, when a student and teacher in a plumbing workshop session negotiate the conducting of a task in Swedish vocational education. This will be done by using CAVTA (Conversation Analysis and Variation Theory Approach) to make a close and detailed analysis of video recordings of the interaction between the student and teacher when a task is introduced in the workshop session. The results show a complex process, where the teacher alternates between parts and wholeness, using several semiotic resources at hand when highlighting the learning content.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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8. Stories of Learning: A Case Study of Norwegian Plumbers and Apprentices in TVET at the Construction Site and in a Training Agency
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Lensjø, Marit
- Abstract
Context: Through a dual model, based on 2 years of education in upper secondary school followed by two and a half year of apprenticeship training, Norwegian plumbing education has become an integrated part of the Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET). Competence and skills are described in national plumbing curriculum. However, there is little information on how learning and training, interaction and relations between craftsmen and apprentices take place and develops at the workplace. The objective of this article is to identify significant learning processes by studying apprentices in a training agency and in communities of plumbers at the building site. Approach: The study has an ethnographic approach, based on a combination of fieldwork and interviews with apprentices, plumbers and a vocational teacher. During one year of fieldwork I followed a group of plumbing apprentices in a training agency, and in their plumbing companies at different construction sites. As a former plumber and vocational teacher, I was able to participate as a plumber and researcher and thus I had a unique position to work along with the apprentices and plumbers. This enabled me to observe interaction, learning and training in their communities of practices as an "insider." Findings: The study showed that the process of learning practical skills, a professional language and a technical rationale was time consuming, challenging and sometimes tiering. In return the apprentices discovered proficiency, gained confidence and were considered as participants in the community of plumbers. A central finding is the great value of working in a community of plumbers at the building site, combined by studying sanitary and heating technology at the training agency. Among peers at the training agency, the apprentices were challenged to build and explore complex pipe laying, and to discuss technical regulations and rationale with each other and the vocational teacher. Conclusion: Craftsmen, like plumbers, consecutively handle a variety of technical work tasks and situations. "Inside" practice, the plumbers are close to materials and systems on construction site, where pipes, cableways and building structures looks different from the plan and the progress on paper. As experts, the plumbers often solve problems more functional and cost effective than suggested in the blueprint. The study shows how apprentices and plumbers develop skills, tacit knowledge and professionality through involvement with relevant "things" and "situations," and by sharing experiences and technical expertise in communities of peers and plumbers.
- Published
- 2020
9. Teaching and Learning How to Handle Tools and Machines in Vocational Educational Workshop Sessions
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Asplund, Stig-Börje, Kilbrink, Nina, and Asghari, Hamid
- Abstract
The importance of students developing the knowledge required to handle different tools and machines is specified in the curriculum of vocational education as well as emphasized in research. However, there are very few studies that focus on the learning processes that take place when teachers and students attend to tools and machines as a vocational learning content in workshop teaching sessions. This article aims to shed light on these processes by exploring how tools and machines are constituted through the interaction between vocational teachers and students in Swedish upper secondary vocational education. Leaning on the theoretical and methodological framework CAVTA (Conversational Analysis and Variation Theory Approach) when analysing video-recorded lessons, the study shows that the teaching about tools and machines takes place as a result of suddenly emerging problems that the students encounter. The study also shows that the teaching about tools and machines is conducted through the framing method of individualization, which leads to situations in which some students are given the opportunity to learn specific things about tools and machines, and others are not, even within the same session.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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10. A Plumber's Guide to the Cardiovascular System
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Washburn, Shannon E. and Stewart, Randolph H.
- Abstract
Blood flow through the cardiovascular system is governed by the same physical rules that govern the flow of water through domestic plumbing. Using this analogy in a teaching laboratory, a model of the cardiovascular system constructed of pumps and pipes was used to demonstrate the basic interactions of pressure, flow, and resistance in a regulated system, with student volunteers providing the operational actions and regulatory components. The model was used to validate predictions and explore solutions prompted by student discussion. This interactive teaching laboratory provides an engaging experiential exercise that demonstrates regulation of flow and pressure in an intact cardiovascular system with apposite changes in heart rate and resistance. In addition, the system provides strong clinical correlates and illustrates how that regulated system responds to challenges such as heart failure, inappropriate vasodilation, and hemorrhage. The results demonstrate that, with limited practice, the instructor can effectively guide the students to reliably reproduce physiologically appropriate results.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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11. Re-Contextualizing Vocational Didactics in Norwegian Vocational Education and Training
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Nore, Haege
- Abstract
This article explores teachers and trainers didactical practices in different contexts in Norwegian VET: schools and workplaces. With the introduction of e-resources and e-portfolios in VET, learners as well as teachers and trainers experience a more hybrid learning-arena, which claims for a re-contextualization of vocational didactics as well as re-defining roles and responsibilities of the actors. The article discuss new forms of boundary crossing, dealing with e-portfolios as boundary objects, increasing learner autonomy, transformative learning outcomes, interaction between actors and designing learning processes in hybrid learning-arenas. Vocational didactics as understood in a teacher-training context are challenged by more actors and new forms of interactivity with technological tools crossing sites. The study is based on a longitudinal study in a national project on quality assessment, interviews with teachers and trainers as well as apprenticeship training offices supported by documentary evidence from three trades: sales, plumbing and industrial mechanics.
- Published
- 2015
12. Bridging the Gap between Work and Education in Vocational Education and Training. A Study of Norwegian Apprenticeship Training Offices and E-Portfolio Systems
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Nore, Haege and Lahn, Leif Christian
- Abstract
This article explores the effect that the use of e-portfolios initiated and organized by apprenticeship training offices has had on the learning processes and assessment practices of apprentices in Norwegian vocational education and training. Although these intermediate structures have the potential to bridge the gap between work and education, they seem to maintain a system of two parallel learning arenas. However, the article summarizes the innovative effects of these transformations as supportive structures for expansive apprenticeship. The study is based on data from a national project on quality assessment, which is supported by documentary evidence from e-portfolios in three different trades: plumbing, industrial mechanics and sales.
- Published
- 2014
13. Bridging the Gap between Work and Education in Vocational Education and Training. A Study of Norwegian Apprenticeship Training Offices and E-Portfolio Systems
- Author
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Nore, Haege and Lahn, Leif Christian
- Abstract
This article explores the effect that the use of e-portfolios initiated and organized by apprenticeship training offices has had on the learning processes and assessment practices of apprentices in Norwegian vocational education and training. Although these intermediate structures have the potential to bridge the gap between work and education, they seem to maintain a system of two parallel learning arenas. However, the article summarizes the innovative effects of these transformations as supportive structures for expansive apprenticeship. The study is based on data from a national project on quality assessment, which is supported by documentary evidence from e-portfolios in three different trades: plumbing, industrial mechanics and sales.
- Published
- 2014
14. Sanitizers and Disinfectants Guide. Revised
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Healthy Schools Network, Inc.
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Sanitizers and disinfectants can play an important role in protecting public health. They are designed to kill "pests," including infectious germs and other microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Unfortunately, sanitizers and disinfectants also contain chemicals that are "pesticides." Exposure to persistent toxic chemicals in pesticides can cause serious health problems. Healthy Schools Network, Inc. (HSN) recommends schools follow all public health laws and regulations regarding the use of sanitizers and disinfectants in schools, and proceed with extreme caution when using any chemicals around children or staff. If the law does not require a chemical use, schools should conduct a thorough analysis of the potential risk of introducing another chemical cleaning product into the school environment. The purpose of this Guide is to provide basic information about the use of sanitizers and disinfectants. A glossary and a list of sources and resources are included.
- Published
- 2012
15. The Cost of Training Apprentices. Occasional Paper
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Nechvoglod, Lisa, Karmel, Tom, and Saunders, John
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This report examines the costs that both employers and apprentices incur for undertaking training in the plumbing and electrical industries. The importance of understanding costs is fundamental. Employers will not take on apprentices if the cost is too high, and prospective apprentices will not undertake an apprenticeship if the future benefits (increased wages) do not outweigh the immediate costs to them. The research found that the apprenticeship model involves a substantial financial commitment from employers, and apprenticeships are more attractive to young people and will remain unattractive to older people, unless the premium paid to qualified tradespeople is substantial. Appendices include: (1) Details of case studies; and (2) Data collection sheets. (Contains 19 tables, 6 figures, and 5 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2009
16. Steamfitter-Pipefitter: Apprenticeship Course Outline. Apprenticeship and Industry Training. 0708.1
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Alberta Advanced Education and Technology
- Abstract
The graduate of the Steamfitter-Pipefitter apprenticeship program is a certified journeyperson who will be able to: (1) install and maintain high pressure and low-pressure steam and hot liquid systems, including various process and industrial systems; (2) fabricate, join and install any pipe system used for various purposes in buildings, using any type of pipe including steel, alloy, cast iron, copper or plastic, etc.; (3) comply with rules and codes governing installations; (4) read and interpret plans, specifications and working drawings and prepare layouts; (5) be proficient with the safe use of hand and power tools and equipment; (6) calculate material quantities and compile materials lists; (7) install components according to specifications and assume responsibility for the end product; (8) relate to job situations and other trades that precede or follow; and (9) perform assigned tasks in accordance with quality and production standards required by industry. Requirements for certification--including the content and delivery of technical training--are developed and updated by the Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry Training Board on the recommendation of Steamfitter-Pipefitter Provincial Apprenticeship Committee. This course outline contains the following sections: (1) First Period Technical Training; (2) Second Period Technical Training; and (3) Third Period Technical Training.
- Published
- 2008
17. Folding Back and the Growth of Mathematical Understanding in Workplace Training
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Martin, Lyndon, LaCroix, Lionel, and Fownes, Lynda
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This paper presents some initial findings from a multi-year project that is exploring the growth of mathematical understanding in a variety of construction trades training programs. In this paper, we focus on John, an entry-level plumbing trainee. We explore his understandings for multiplication, fractions and units of imperial measure as he attempts to solve a pipefitting problem. We consider the apparently limited nature of his images for these concepts and the role of "folding back" in enabling his growth of understanding. We contend that it cannot be assumed that the images held by adult apprentices for basic mathematical concepts are flexible, deep, or useful in specific workplace contexts. We suggest that folding back to modify or make new images as needed in particular contexts is an essential element in facilitating the growth of mathematical understanding in workplace training, but also offer a note of caution about ensuring that this is genuinely effective in its purpose.
- Published
- 2005
18. Illinois Occupational Skill Standards: Industrial Maintenance General Maintenance Cluster.
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Illinois Occupational Skill Standards and Credentialing Council, Carbondale.
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These skill standards for the industrial maintenance general maintenance cluster are intended to be a guide to workforce preparation program providers in defining content for their programs and to employers to establish the skills and standards necessary for job acquisition. An introduction provides the Illinois perspective; Illinois Occupational Skill Standards and Credentialing Council requirements for occupational skill standards; sample format; occupational earnings and employment information; assumptions for these specific skill standards; and performance skill levels. The 77 skill standards are categorized into these 8 performance areas: general business; safety and environment; general maintenance; construction; plumbing and piping; mechanical maintenance; electrical maintenance; and heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration. Components of each skill standard are performance area; skill standard, including conditions of performance, work to be performed, and performance criteria; performance elements; and performance assessment criteria, with a listing of required testing, certification, and/or licensing; product; and process. Appendixes include a cluster-specific glossary; cluster-specific tool kit; glossary; and listing of workplace skills. (YLB)
- Published
- 2003
19. Apprenticeship Training: Gasfitter Program.
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Alberta Learning, Edmonton. Apprenticeship and Industry Training.
- Abstract
This document presents information about the apprenticeship training program of Alberta, Canada, in general and the gasfitter program in particular. The first part of the document discusses the following items: Alberta's apprenticeship and industry training system; the apprenticeship and industry training committee structure; local apprenticeship committees; provincial apprenticeship committees; the Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry Training Board; safety education; legal and administrative aspects of safety; the technical training establishment; procedures for recommending revisions to the course outline; the apprenticeship route toward certification; and a gasfitter training profile. The second part of the document presents the course outline for the following program sections: first period technical training for residential gasfitting (mathematics, blueprint reading, and basic sciences for gasfitting; gasfitting burners and combustion; gasfitting pipe installation; gasfitting theory and code interpretation; gas shop and lab work); second period technical training for residential and commercial gasfitting (mathematics; blueprint reading; theory and code interpretation; electrical theory; burners and combustion; gas shop and lab work); and third period technical training for gasfitting for commercial and industrial settings (calculations for gasfitters; theory and code interpretation; propane theory; electrical theory and electronics; refrigeration and air-conditioning; commercial/industrial gas burner controls and appliance control systems; troubleshooting and servicing; gas shop and lab work). The times allotted for each course component are detailed. (MN)
- Published
- 2003
20. Sprinkler System Installer. Occupational Analyses Series.
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Chinien, Chris and Boutin, France
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This analysis covers tasks performed by a sprinkler system installer, an occupational title some provinces and territories of Canada have also identified as pipefitter--fire protection mechanic specialty; sprinkler and fire protection installer; sprinkler and fire protection systems installer; and sprinkler fitter. A guide to analysis discusses development, structure, and validation method; scope of the occupation; trends; and safety. To facilitate understanding the nature of the occupation, work performed is divided into the following categories: (1) blocks, the largest divisions in the analysis that reflect a distinct operation relevant to the occupation; (2) tasks, the distinct activities, that in combination make up the logical and necessary steps the worker is required to perform to complete a specific assignment in a block; and (3) sub-tasks, the smallest divisions into which it is practical to subdivide any work activity and that in combination fully describe all duties constituting a task. Other components of a task are trends, related components, tools and equipment, and supporting knowledge and abilities. Each sub-task is accompanied by results of a validation by all provinces/territories. The 5 blocks, which include 17 tasks, are common occupational skills; water supply installation; piping installation; installation of detection, protection, and control systems; and inspection, maintenance, and repairs. Appendixes include a list of tools and equipment; glossary; blocks and tasks weighting; and task profile chart. (YLB)
- Published
- 2003
21. Occupation Competency Profile: Gas Utility Operator Certificate Program.
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Alberta Learning, Edmonton. Apprenticeship and Industry Training.
- Abstract
This document presents information about the apprenticeship training program of Alberta, Canada, in general and the gas utility operator certificate program in particular. The first part of the document discusses the following items: Alberta's apprenticeship and industry training system; the occupation committee and its members; the Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry Training Board; safety education; legal and administrative aspects of safety; formal or technical training; and procedures for recommending revisions to the course outline. The second part of the document presents the course outline that details the following sections of the program and subject areas within the sections: (1) properties of natural gas; (2) general safety and emergency response procedures (general safety; emergency response procedures); (3) descriptive geometry and applied drafting mathematics (surveying and mapping; transmission and distribution systems; pipeline construction and inspection); (4) operation and maintenance of gas utility systems (corrosion control; operation and maintenance); (6) background knowledge (regulatory agencies and codes; industry advisory network); and (7) practical applications. Each section of the outline includes an anticipated outcome and series of behavioral objectives for each of the job tasks included for each subject area. (MN)
- Published
- 2002
22. Building & Property Maintenance. FasTrak Specialization Integrated Technical and Academic Competency (ITAC). 2002 Revision.
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Ohio State Dept. of Education, Columbus. Div. of Career-Technical and Adult Education.
- Abstract
This document presents an overview of the 2-year competency-based building and property maintenance programs offered in Ohio schools at the secondary and/or adult levels. The overview covers the attributes and qualifications required to be a successful worker in the industry and the typical tasks performed by building and property maintenance workers. It also discusses opportunities for advancement and possible occupational ladders in the building and property maintenance field as a whole and in specific occupations in the field. The remainder of the document lists the enabling tasks required for mastery of a total of 64 competencies covered in 12 units of instruction and 1 optional module. The unit topics are as follows: (1) orientation to the building and property management industry; (2) basic safety procedures; (3) basic procedures; (4) computerized property maintenance management systems; (5) blueprints/layout work; (6) masonry applications and repairs; (7) rough carpentry applications and repairs; (8) roof applications and repairs; (9) plumbing installations and repairs; (10) electrical installations and repairs; (11) interior finish/carpentry procedures; (12) heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and components; and (13) welding and cutting operations. (MN)
- Published
- 2002
23. Successful Career Progression: Exploratory Findings from a Study of Selected Occupations.
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Texas Univ., Austin. Center for the Study of Human Resources., O'Shea, Daniel P., Betsinger, Alicia M., and King, Christopher T.
- Abstract
A study examined the career progression of individuals in the following occupations: registered nurse; physical therapist; medical laboratory technologist; paramedic; ranked corrections officer; dental hygienist; electronic technician; pipefitter/plumber; social worker; and auto body shop manager. Researchers conducted face-to-face interviews in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area with 5-10 individuals in each occupation. Participants were identified and recruited through professional or employer associations, training or educational providers, and personal referrals. One half of the respondents entered their occupation directly at the apex position. Little more than one-third began their careers at the identified entry occupation. Success appeared to be associated with continuous education and training, persistence in the occupational field, and hard work. Persistence was associated with truly enjoying the work, income opportunities, and employment benefits. Higher degree expectations appeared to be becoming the norm for most of the occupations studied. Employers commonly provided continuous training opportunities on the job to keep their work force viable and/or maintain licensure. Seniority played virtually no role in promotions. Career advancement was associated with ability, experience, and education. The study confirmed the importance of continuous training and higher education in today's labor market. (The interview guide and contact strategies for the Career Pathways Project are appended.) (MN)
- Published
- 1999
24. Needs Assessment for Education in Sustainable Technologies on Maui.
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Hawaii Univ., Kahului. Maui Community Coll. and Pezzoli, Jean A.
- Abstract
In Spring 1997, Maui Community College (MCC), in Hawaii, conducted a survey of Maui businesses to determine perceived needs for a certificate or associate degree program in sustainable technologies. Questionnaires were mailed to 500 businesses, including building, electrical, and plumbing contractors, architects, waste disposal, power generators, agricultural concerns, automotive repairers, and hotels. They sought information on the anticipated level and configuration of job openings within the next 5 years; types of inservice training, wages, and class scheduling accessibility. Study findings, based on 54 completed questionnaires, included the following: (1) the projected need for hiring new employees with sustainable technologies skills is about 22.8 per year over the next 5 years (totaling 114 hires); (2) three sectors, electrical contractors, plumbing, and hotels, will generate most of the jobs; (3) the starting wage for sustainable technologies hires was considerably above minimum wage, at least $8 per hour, with half of the companies promising $15 or more per hour; (4) inservice demand was high; (5) the best time for classes is evenings. The study concluded that there is a need for a sustainable technologies program with a capacity for training 16-20 students per year. The cover letter, survey instrument, and employer comments are attached. (ECF)
- Published
- 1997
25. Skill Standards for Open Cut Pipe Laying.
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Laborers-AGC Education and Training Fund, Pomfret Center, CT.
- Abstract
This document identifies skill standards for utility construction in a format that uses scenarios to provide a picture of the construction process under consideration. The scenarios provide a general description of the pipe laying and utility construction process. An introduction describes use and benefits of skill standards. Section 2 presents the skill standards for open cut pipe laying. Each standard has four informational components: (1) scenario describing the construction process, context of applications of workplace skills, and industry standards that can serve as performance criteria; (2) conventional industry standards containing proficiency, health and safety, and production requirements that serve as performance criteria; (3) key tasks; and (4) workplace skills, knowledge, and aptitudes. These skill standards are included: site preparation, excavation operation, elevation and alignment control; pressure pipe installation, pressure pipe repair, gravity flow pipe installation, gravity flow pipe repair, and backfill, compaction, and site restoration. Section 3 provides workplace skills, knowledge, and aptitudes (WSKAs) arranged into these categories: aptitudes and abilities, workplace basic skills, cross-functional skills, and occupation-specific knowledge. Each WSKA page contains the following elements: context, mastery performance level, content, reference to applicable job functions, and sample tasks and activities in which the WSKAs are applied. (YLB)
- Published
- 1997
26. Mississippi Curriculum Framework for General Drafting (Program CIP: 48.0101--Drafting, General). Secondary Programs.
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Mississippi Research and Curriculum Unit for Vocational and Technical Education, State College.
- Abstract
This document, which reflects Mississippi's statutory requirement that instructional programs be based on core curricula and performance-based assessment, contains outlines of the instructional units required in local instructional management plans and daily lesson plans for two secondary-level courses in drafting: drafting I and II. Presented first are a program description and course outline. Section I contains curriculum frameworks for both courses, and section II contains outlines of the instructional units required in each course. The first course consists of 14 units on the following topics: orientation; leadership/personal development; safety; introduction to drafting; tools and equipment; lettering; geometric constructions; orthographic projections; basic computer-aided design (CAD); dimensioning; threads and fasteners; sectional views; auxiliary views; and pictorial drawings. Topics covered in the 12 units constituting the second course are the following: orientation; safety; advanced leadership; employability skills; architectural drafting; area planning; structural systems and building materials; architectural working drawings; advanced CAD; civil drafting; plumbing/heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning drafting; and residential wiring plans. Each unit includes suggested time on tasks, competencies and objectives, teaching strategies, assessment strategies, and resources. Recommended tools and equipment are listed in section III. Appended are lists of related academic topics and workplace skills for the 21st century and student competency profiles. (MN)
- Published
- 1996
27. Mississippi Curriculum Framework for Plumber and Pipefitter/Steamfitter (Program CIP: 46.0501--Plumber and Pipefitter). Postsecondary Programs.
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Mississippi Research and Curriculum Unit for Vocational and Technical Education, State College.
- Abstract
This document, which is intended for use by community and junior colleges throughout Mississippi, contains curriculum frameworks for the course sequences in the plumber and pipefitter/steamfitter cluster. Presented in the introductory section are program descriptions and suggested course sequences for the plumbing and pipefitting programs. Section I lists baseline competencies for each program. Section II consists of course outlines for each course in the following sequences: plumbing and pipefitting (fundamentals of plumbing/pipefitting, blueprint reading for piping trades, sketching, and low-pressure boilers); pipefitting (tacking, brazing, and burning; basic pipe fabrication, pipe specifications and systems, rigging and signaling, advanced pipefitting lab, steel ship building and marine construction, special project in pipefitting and work-based learning in pipefitting); and plumbing (gas piping, drainage and sewer systems, plumbing fixtures lab, back flow cross connection, advanced plumbing lab, heating devices, domestic systems, piping level/transit, special project in plumbing, and work-based learning in plumbing). Each course outline contains some/all of the following: course name and abbreviation; course classification; course description; prerequisites; and competencies and suggested objectives. Recommended tools and equipment are listed in section III. Appended are lists of related academic topics and workplace skills for the 21st century and student competency profiles for both courses. (MN)
- Published
- 1996
28. Mississippi Curriculum Framework for Building Trades (Program CIP: 46.0490--Building Trades, General). Secondary Programs.
- Author
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Mississippi Research and Curriculum Unit for Vocational and Technical Education, State College.
- Abstract
This document, which reflects Mississippi's statutory requirement that instructional programs be based on core curricula and performance-based assessment, contains outlines of the instructional units required in local instructional management plans and daily lesson plans for two secondary-level courses in the building trades: building trades I and II. Presented first are a program description and course outline. Section I contains curriculum frameworks for both courses, and section II contains outlines of the instructional units required in each course. The first course consists of the following units: orientation; safety; construction math, measurement, and blueprint reading; hand tools, power tools, and stationary equipment; introduction to carpentry; introduction to electrical wiring; introduction to masonry; and introduction to plumbing. The second course contains these units: orientation; safety; advanced carpentry; advanced electrical wiring; advanced masonry; and advanced plumbing. Each unit includes suggested time on tasks, competencies and objectives, teaching strategies, assessment strategies, and resources. Recommended tools and equipment are listed in section III. Appended are lists of related academic topics and workplace skills for the 21st century and student competency profiles for both courses. (MN)
- Published
- 1996
29. Housing of American Indians on Reservations: An Overview [and] Plumbing [and] Equipment and Fuels [and] Structural Characteristics. Bureau of the Census Statistical Briefs.
- Author
-
Bureau of the Census (DOC), Washington, DC. Economics and Statistics Administration.
- Abstract
Four briefs use data from the 1990 Census of Population and Housing to examine housing characteristics of reservation American Indian households. Forty-eight reservations with 500 or more American Indian households were compared to all households in the United States and to nonreservation American Indian households. Data revealed that: (1) American Indian households made up less than half (45%) of all households on reservations; (2) 67 percent of reservation American Indians owned their homes, slightly more than all race groups or nonreservation American Indians; (3) homeownership rates for reservation American Indians rose steadily with age; (4) only 16 percent of reservation American Indian householders were 65 years of age or older; (5) a higher proportion of American Indian householders under age 35 lived off reservations, possibly due to younger American Indians leaving reservations because of poor employment and educational opportunities, as well as lack of housing; (6) reservation American Indian households contained a median of 3.65 persons; (7) the typical reservation home had only 4.4 rooms, nearly a whole room less than the national median; (8) nearly one-third of reservation homes were overcrowded; (9) over one-fourth of reservation American Indian homeowners lacked complete plumbing; (10) reservation American Indian households were far more likely than the typical U.S. household to live in new housing units; (11) 14 percent of reservation American Indians lived in mobile homes; (12) American Indian homes on reservations were much more likely to lack complete kitchen facilities; (13) the majority of American Indian homes on reservations did not have a telephone; (14) 22 percent of American Indian reservation households were without a motor vehicle; and (15) the most commonly used heating fuel on American Indian reservation homes was wood. The data is presented in numerous graphs and tables. (LP)
- Published
- 1995
30. Workdays. A Day in the Life of...a Plumber.
- Author
-
Edwards, Hazel and Edwards, Hazel
- Abstract
One of a series of work-based interviews about occupations in Australia, this booklet presents a personal interview with a self-employed plumber about his job. The following questions are answered: what the plumber does, why the person chose the field of employment, how the person got the job, what he does and doesn't like about it, what kind of training was needed, what the plumber does during a working week, his co-workers, the hours, and how the work contributes to society. Cartoons are used to enliven the material, and a glossary listing words is included. Although designed to be used in literacy classes with adult new readers, the booklets are also appropriate for use with elementary and secondary students in career exploration and career education. (KC)
- Published
- 1995
31. [Pipefitting Workbooks.]
- Author
-
Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce, LA., Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Pelican Chapter., East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, LA., and Atkinson, Rhonda
- Abstract
Developed by the ABCs of Construction National Workplace Literacy Project, these seven workbooks are designed to enhance the basic skills of pipefitters. Reading and Solving Basic Pipefitting Problems #1 defines and uses eight basic terms pipefitters need to know, reviews steps a pipefitter must take to identify and solve a simple pipefitting problem, and includes simple problems to find "take out" and welder's gaps. Reading and Solving Basic Pipefitting Problems #2 reviews seven basic terms pipefitters need to know, uses each term while solving 45 pipefitting problems, introduces a five-step method to solve pipefitting problems, and provides practice exercises. Practicing Problem Solving for Pipefitters uses pipes velcroed onto a wall to practice real pipefitter problems, using the five-step method. Exercises are designed to help the worker transfer the method to handling a real-world pipefitting problem. Basic Vocabulary for Pipefitters depicts and explains 11 terms and has a fill-in-the-blanks exercise. Basic Trig for Pipefitters explains right angles, teaches the worker how to "see" one in pipe elbows, reviews what the sides of a triangle are called, practices how to see them in a pipe elbow, shows the worker how to use a trigonometry chart to find tangents, and includes practice exercises. Reading and Solving Pipefitter Take Out Problems shows what a "take out" is, provides exercises on finding one, shows how to read "The Pipefitters Blue Book" to find tangents, and provides practice exercises. Reading and Solving Basic Pipefitting Problems # 3 introduces four steps to solve simple offset problems when the elbows are not 45 or 90 degrees and provides simple offset examples and problems. (YLB)
- Published
- 1993
32. Building Workplace Vocabulary for Pipefitters. Compound Words.
- Author
-
Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce, LA., Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Pelican Chapter., East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, LA., and Atkinson, Rhonda
- Abstract
Developed by the ABCs of Construction National Workplace Literacy Project, this fifth-grade level module teaches strategies for finding the meanings of compound words used in technical writing encountered by pipefitters. It also addresses working with words in context and finding definitions with a dictionary. Four exercises are provided. (YLB)
- Published
- 1993
33. Building Workplace Vocabulary for Pipefitters. General, Specialized, & Technical Terms.
- Author
-
Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce, LA., Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Pelican Chapter., East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, LA., and Atkinson, Rhonda
- Abstract
Developed by the ABCs of Construction National Workplace Literacy Project, this fifth-grade level module teaches different kinds of vocabulary words encountered in work-related texts used by pipefitter trainees. The module covers the following topics: differences between general, specialized, and technical words; learning new words; drills for remembering new words; tips for building vocabulary; and some dictionary use. Twelve exercises are provided. (YLB)
- Published
- 1993
34. Building Workplace Vocabulary for Pipefitters. Structural Analysis.
- Author
-
Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce, LA., Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Pelican Chapter., East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, LA., and Atkinson, Rhonda
- Abstract
Developed by the ABCs of Construction National Workplace Literacy Project, this fifth-grade level module teaches word attack skills for technical terms used by pipefitters, using word parts and root words. Basic information on structural analysis covers roots, prefixes and suffixes, its limitations, and defining words using structural analysis. Next, the module provides hints for retaining meanings by building a card file with visual representations of terminology. Twenty-seven exercises are included. (YLB)
- Published
- 1993
35. Occupational Profiles: The Restoration and Rehabilitation of the Architectural Heritage. CEDEFOP Panorama. Summary Report. 1st Edition.
- Author
-
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Berlin (Germany). and Paulet, J. L.
- Abstract
This report summarizes in tabular form the results of national studies that were conducted in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom to identify the job skills and knowledge required of persons employed in the fields of rehabilitation and conservation of historic buildings. Presented in chapter 1 is a comparative analysis of the situation existing with respect to the following issues/aspects of the rehabilitation/restoration sector of each of the five countries: legislation and regulation, scale of the market, firms and their workers, and training and qualifications. Chapter 2 consists of 14 tables detailing the skills required in connection with each component of buildings needing rehabilitation/restoration. In the tables, information regarding parts of buildings, defects, contingencies, treatment, techniques, and knowledge is provided for each of the following building components/restoration processes: foundations; walls; partition walls; floors; woodwork; roof coverings; waterproofing and drainage; plasterwork; joinery; glazing; tiling and paving; painting; metalwork; and sanitary installations, heating, and electricity. Discussed in chapter 3 are considerations entailed in building a pool of skilled workers in the restoration and rehabilitation trades and factors conducive to formulating occupational profiles (exchanges and networks, instructor training, and official recognition of qualifications). (MN)
- Published
- 1993
36. Tools for Tomorrow: Women in the Trades. Trainer's Guide.
- Author
-
Madison Area Technical Coll., WI.
- Abstract
This guide is intended for use by trainers presenting the Tools for Tomorrow program, a technical college program to train women for employment in 13 skilled trades. Discussed in the first two sections are these topics: the program's purposes, barriers encountered by women seeking to enter trades, and various aspects of implementing the Tools for Tomorrow program. Section 3 consists of 11 lesson plans on topics of general relevance to the skilled trades and 13 trade-specific lesson plans. Among the topics covered in the lesson plans are the following: the apprenticeship system, communicating on the job, hand tool use, job search skills, physical conditioning, print reading, and safety. The following trades are covered: carpentry, civil technology/surveying, electrical, ironwork, machine tool operation, operating engineers, painting and decorating, plumbing, sheet metal, steamfitting, trowel trades, welding, and woodworking/cabinetmaking. Included in each lesson plan are some or all of the following: background information; lists of competencies taught, required supplies, and resources; information on pertinent safety issues; and suggested activities. Section 4 contains supplementary information and overviews of resources on selected topics and a 38-item bibliography. Presented in section 5 are course outlines for each module. Concluding the guide are information updates on the Tools for Tomorrow program and its participants. (MN)
- Published
- 1993
37. Minimum Check List for Mechanical and Electrical Plans & Specifications.
- Author
-
North Carolina State Dept. of Public Instruction, Raleigh. Div. of School Facility Services.
- Abstract
This is the fifth revision of the Minimum Check List since its origin in 1960 by North Carolina's School Planning. The checklist was developed to serve as a means of communication between school agencies and design professionals and has been widely used in the development and review of mechanical and electrical plans and specifications by engineers, architects, and superintendents in planning public school facilities. The checklist has three primary sections: plumbing systems, mechanical systems, and electrical and lighting systems. Specific guidelines on drainage and waste, fittings, fixtures, water supply, gas systems, stack and breeching, boilers, oil burners, piping, heaters, controls, heating systems, air conditioning, service entrance feeders, branch circuits, and alarm systems are provided. Diagrams showing grounding methods, a typical electrical summary, and recommended lighting systems with illumination levels appear at the end. (RJM)
- Published
- 1992
38. Building and Property Maintenance. Ohio's Competency Analysis Profile.
- Author
-
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Vocational Instructional Materials Lab.
- Abstract
Developed through a modified DACUM (Developing a Curriculum) process involving business, industry, labor, and community agency representatives in Ohio, this document is a comprehensive and verified employer competency profile for building and property maintenance occupations. The list contains units (with and without subunits), competencies, and competency builders that identify the skills needed to enter these occupations. The occupational, academic, and employability skills for this occupation or occupational area are included. Within the outline are three levels of items: core, advancing, and futuring. Core items identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes essential for entry-level employment. These items are required to be taught and will be the basis for questions on the state vocational competency tests. Advancing items identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to advance in the occupation; futuring items identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to enter and remain in a given occupation 3 to 4 years from now. Titles of the 11 units are as follows: basic procedures; carpentry applications and repairs; roofing applications and repairs; ceramic tile; masonry applications and repairs; electrical installations and repairs; plumbing installations and repairs; welding and cutting operations; heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration installations and service; painting and wallpapering; and employability skills. (YLB)
- Published
- 1992
39. Architectural Drafting: Commercial Applications. Teacher Guide.
- Author
-
Mid-America Vocational Curriculum Consortium, Stillwater, OK. and Whitney, Terry A.
- Abstract
This curriculum guide contains the technical information and tasks necessary for a student (who has already completed basic drafting) to be employed as an architectural drafter trainee. The curriculum is written in terms of student performance using measurable objectives, technical information, tasks developed to accomplish those objectives, and criterion-referenced instruments for uniform measurement of students' performance against the stated criteria. The guide is activity oriented with emphasis on commercial applications. It contains 11 units of instruction, each including some or all of the following: objective sheet, suggested activities for the teacher, assignment sheets and written test with answers, unit evaluation form, teacher supplements, transparency masters, information sheets, assignment sheets, and student supplements. Units cover the following topics: introduction to architectural drafting; architectural building materials; site conditions; introduction to working drawings; section and detail drawings; structural systems; architectural dimensioning; plumbing systems; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems; electrical systems; and presentation techniques. A glossary contains 322 technical terms. Supplementary materials for teachers include information on using the guide, academic and workplace skills classifications, competency profile, instructional/task analysis, related academic and workplace skills list, and 19 references. (KC)
- Published
- 1992
40. Measuring Fractions. Pipefitter.
- Author
-
Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce, LA., Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Pelican Chapter., and East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, LA.
- Abstract
Developed by the ABCs of Construction National Workplace Literacy Project, these curriculum materials for the occupational area of pipefitter contain a lesson that deals with measuring fractions. The lesson consists of an instruction sheet and three exercises with answer keys. (YLB)
- Published
- 1992
41. Solving Problems with Charts & Tables. Pipefitter.
- Author
-
Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce, LA., Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Pelican Chapter., and East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, LA.
- Abstract
Developed as part of the ABCs of Construction National Workplace Literacy Project, this instructional module is designed to help individuals employed as pipefitters learn to solve problems with charts and tables. Outlined in the first section is a five-step procedure for solving problems involving tables and/or charts: identifying the question to be answered, deciding which operations to use, determining the information needed from the chart, plugging the information into the selected operations, and working the problem. The remainder of the module consists of seven sections that each begin with a table/chart and 1O problems based on the information contained in it. The problems are related to the following pipe fitting-related tasks/topics: stacking and determining pipe diameters, rated capacities for slings, pipe wall thicknesses, and required sizes of concrete pipe and ductile iron pipe. (MN)
- Published
- 1992
42. Reading Diagrams. Pipefitter.
- Author
-
Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce, LA., Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Pelican Chapter., and East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, LA.
- Abstract
Developed by the ABCs of Construction National Workplace Literacy Project, these curriculum materials for the occupational area of pipefitting contain a lesson that deals with reading diagrams. The lesson consists of an objective, instruction, and 10 exercises. Three types of problems are provided in each exercise: "try it,""apply it," and "go with it." The objective for the lesson is for the student to learn to locate and apply information from a diagram. (YLB)
- Published
- 1992
43. Reading Charts and Graphs. Pipefitter.
- Author
-
Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce, LA., Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Pelican Chapter., and East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, LA.
- Abstract
Developed by the ABCs of Construction National Workplace Literacy Project, these curriculum materials for the occupational area of pipefitting contain a lesson that deals with reading charts and graphs. The lesson consists of an objective, instruction, and seven exercises. Three types of problems are provided in each exercise: "try it,""apply it," and "go with it." The objective for the lesson is for the student to learn to locate and apply information from a table. (YLB)
- Published
- 1992
44. Meaning from Context. Pipefitter.
- Author
-
Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce, LA., Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Pelican Chapter., and East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, LA.
- Abstract
Developed by the ABCs of Construction National Workplace Literacy Project, these curriculum materials for the occupational area of pipefitter contain two lessons that deal with getting meaning from context. Each lesson consists of an objective, instruction, and exercises. Lesson 1 contains 11 exercises, and lesson 2 has 12. The objective of lesson 1 is for the student to be able to define unknown words by examining the familiar words that surround them; lesson 2's objective is to define words using clues in the sentence provided by the author. (YLB)
- Published
- 1992
45. Finding the Main Idea. Pipefitter.
- Author
-
Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce, LA., Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Pelican Chapter., and East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, LA.
- Abstract
Developed by the ABCs of Construction National Workplace Literacy Project, these curriculum materials for the occupational area of pipefitter contain two lessons that deal with finding the main idea. Each lesson consists of an objective, instruction, and exercises. Lesson 1 contains seven exercises, and Lesson 2 has three. The objectives for the two lessons are for the student to be able to find main ideas in paragraphs and for the student to be able to recognize sequence and comparison-contrast paragraph and passage structure. (YLB)
- Published
- 1992
46. Reading Charts & Tables. E & I. Pipefitter. Millwright.
- Author
-
Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce, LA., Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Pelican Chapter., and East Baton Rouge Parish School Board, LA.
- Abstract
Developed by the ABCs of Construction National Workplace Literacy Project, these curriculum materials for the areas of electrical and instrumentation (E&I), pipefitter, and millwright contain a lesson that deals with reading charts and tables. The lesson consists of these components: objective, instruction, 10 exercises for E&I, 5 for pipefitting, and 5 for millwright. Three types of problems are provided in each exercise: try it, apply it, and solve it. The charts to which the student is referred in the exercises are attached. The objective for the lesson is for the student to learn to use and apply information from charts. (YLB)
- Published
- 1992
47. Rules and Regulations: Minimum Schoolhouse Construction Standards.
- Author
-
Arkansas State Dept. of Education, Little Rock.
- Abstract
Regulatory guidelines governing the minimum schoolhouse construction standards as well as rules for new construction applications, school site selection, and approval procedures are presented. Appendices (comprising 95 percent of the publication) document the following: educational space guidelines; planning for modern education; school construction laws; suggested measures for maintenance and housekeeping; and recommendations on restroom and plumbing fixtures and on school lighting. Concluding sections provide an example of a bid notice and the state agencies required by law for approving new school construction or addition plans. (GR)
- Published
- 1992
48. Industrial Maintenance. Ohio's Competency Analysis Profile.
- Author
-
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Vocational Instructional Materials Lab.
- Abstract
Developed through a modified DACUM (Developing a Curriculum) process involving business, industry, labor, and community agency representatives in Ohio, this document is a comprehensive and verified employer competency profile for industrial maintenance occupations. The list contains units (with and without subunits), competencies, and competency builders that identify the skills needed to enter these occupations. The occupational, academic, and employability skills for this occupation or occupational area are included. Within the outline are three levels of items: core, advancing, and futuring. Core items identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes essential for entry-level employment. These items are required to be taught and will be the basis for questions on the state vocational competency tests. Advancing items identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to advance in the occupation; futuring items identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to enter and remain in a given occupation 3 to 4 years from now. This profile contains 11 units: safety; equipment installation; maintain equipment and practice predictive maintenance; electricity; hydraulics and pneumatics; machine trades; welding; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning; carpentry; plumbing and pipefitting; and employability skills. (NLA)
- Published
- 1991
49. Constructing English Language Skills while Reconstructing Homes.
- Author
-
Center for Literacy, Inc., Philadelphia, PA., Norris Square Civic Association, Philadelphia, PA., and Janney, J. Saville
- Abstract
This manual, developed as part of an English as a second language program in construction literacy skills in Philadelphia, contains four units of lessons incorporating construction fundamentals along with language instruction. The four units provide lesson plans in carpentry, plumbing, electrical work, and career information. Lesson plans include an introduction, general class discussion, terms, learning activities (such as language experience writing, role playing, or crossword puzzles), assignments, and test questions. Information sheets illustrated with line drawings are provided,d and an answer key and 17-item bibliography are included, along with suggestions for teaching the material. (KC)
- Published
- 1990
50. Pneumatics.
- Author
-
Central Community Coll., Grand Island, NE. and Engelbrecht, Nancy
- Abstract
This unit on pneumatics, for use in postsecondary programs, is organized in eight sections. Each section consists of information sheets with line drawings and multiple-choice questions for each topic in the sections. Answers are provided at the back of the book. The following topics are covered: (1) introduction--pressure, principles of gases, uses of pneumatics; (2) safety; (3) compressors; (4) air treatment; (5) pneumatic piping systems; (6) pneumatic valves; (7) cylinders; and (8) miscellaneous valves/air logic and diagrams. Knowledge-based competency objectives are provided for each topic. (KC)
- Published
- 1990
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