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The purpose of this research was to investigate the possibilities and opportunities for ASEAN and Korea student exchange programs in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, by focusing on the needs of non-participating ASEAN students. To do so, this study conducted an online survey to analyze ASEAN students' understanding, views, expectations, and reasons for not participating in student exchange programs to Korea, while investigating their considerations and preferences for future participation. The findings revealed significant differences between ASEAN students in terms of nationality (especially Vietnamese students), academic field, and gender. They also highlighted the rising role and importance of hybrid and online modes of student mobility, that grew in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, there is a need for universities, government policy makers and educational scholars to reflect the emerging new needs of students concerning ASEAN-Korea exchange programs in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.

Numerous influential policy and scientific bodies are calling for more rapid advances in the scale-up of child and youth mental health services (CYMHS). A number of CYMHS innovations hold promise for advancing scale-up but little is known about how real-world efforts are progressing. We conducted a scoping review to identify promising approaches to CYMHS scale-up across the globe. Searches were completed in six databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science). Article selection and synthesis were conducted in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. A second search focused on low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) was conducted based on the Cochrane Library recommended search filters of the World Bank listed LMIC countries. Authors used a double coding strategy during the title/abstract and full-text review. Twenty-eight articles meeting the eligibility criteria were identified that described 22 initiatives (in 11 different countries). Our review found the majority of published scale-up studies in CYMHS were not informed by scale-up frameworks in design or reporting. The methods and outcomes used in the identified articles were highly variable and limited our ability to draw conclusions about comparative effectiveness although promising approaches emerged. Successes and failures identified in our review largely reflect consensus in the broader literature regarding the need for strategies to better navigate the complexities of system and policy implementation while ensuring CYMHS interventions fit local contexts.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been recognised as a promising technology for methodological progress and theoretical advancement in learning sciences. However, there remains few empirical investigations into how AI could be applied in learning sciences research. This study aims to utilize AI facial recognition to inform the learning regulation behaviors in synchronous online collaborative learning environments. By studying groups of university students (N = 36) who participated in their online classes under the COVID-19 social distancing mandates, we strive to understand the interrelation between individual affective states and their collaborative group members. Theoretically underpinned by the socially shared regulation of learning framework, our research features a cutting-edge insight into how learners socially shared regulation in group-based tasks. Findings accentuate fundamental added values of AI application in education, whilst indicating further interesting patterns about student self-regulation in the collaborative learning environment. Implications drawn from the study hold strong potential to provide theoretical and practical contributions to the exploration of AI supportive roles in designing and personalizing learning needs, as well as fathom the motion and multiplicity of collaborative learning modes in higher education.

This article examines the use of prompt-based lexical collocations in opinion essays by Vietnamese English as a foreign language (EFL) students. Fifty second-year English majors at a Vietnamese university wrote 100 opinion essays on two topics as progress tests. The AntConc programme (Anthony, 2020) was employed to identify the frequencies of use of the prompt-based lexical collocations in the essays. Paraphrases of the target lexical collocations were further identified and calculated for their occurrences. The AntConc concordance lines that target the prompt-based collocations or paraphrases were analysed for errors, with the consultation of the Oxford Collocations Dictionary (OCD), the British National Corpus (BNC), and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The results revealed that students repeated the source lexical collocations and replaced them with various word combinations, though recycling occurred to a greater extent. Erroneous use involved use of i) incorrect word combinations, mainly through wrong choice of verbs, adjectives, or nouns that do not collocate with adjacent words and ii) incorrect grammatical forms of the individual lexical words of the target collocations (i.e., omission of plural marker --s, misuse of parts of speech). Pedagogical implications are discussed to assist students in using lexical collocations appropriately in L2 writing.

Understanding teachers' expectations of university social responsibility (USR) is imperative for formulating effective human resources strategies within higher education institutions (HEIs). This study delves into teacher perceptions of USR within the context of higher education institutions (HEIs) in emerging countries, examining how these perceptions influence teacher satisfaction. The mediating roles of HEIs' reputation and image in shaping this relationship are also explored. Data were collected from 140 teachers across 15 Vietnamese universities. The research model underwent evaluation through structural equation modeling (SEM) utilizing the Partial Least Squares path modeling. The results affirm a positive influence of teachers' perceived USR on their satisfaction with universities. Notably, both HEIs' reputation and image serve as mediating factors in this relationship. Regarding the specific USR constructs, the findings highlight that teachers' overall perception of USRs is constructed based on their engagement with educational, environmental research, and partnership responsibilities within HEIs. This study underscores the importance of cultivating a positive reputation and image when integrating USR into the governance strategies of higher education institutions.

This study investigates and identifies the organizational culture of Indonesian schools during COVID-19 through the lens of principals. We collected survey data from 93 applications of the OCAI instrument. Our data analysis results show that Indonesian schools' organizational culture is a unique blend of the four cultural types, with clan and hierarchy culture dominating, followed by adhocracy and, to a lesser extent, market culture. The most commonly ingrained concepts in the culture are job security and internal stability, coordination to ensure the smooth operation of online education, school commitment to innovation in online education, and school management through collaboration and teamwork. Our findings offer insights regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic transformed or changed the organizational culture of schools in Indonesia, which can be used to respond quickly to the "Merdeka Belajar" (Independent Learning) policy and enhance school performance in the post-COVID-19 pandemic.

This study examines the perceptions and responses of Vietnamese teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to academic integrity concerns that arise from the use of AI, specifically chatbots like ChatGPT, in foreign language education. The study employed an open-ended survey to collect data from 31 Vietnamese EFL teachers who were asked to share their views on AI-based academic dishonesty, identify perceived causes, outline consequences for students engaging in AI-based plagiarism, and articulate their pedagogical responses to the issue. The study found that teachers primarily attributed students' AI-driven plagiarism to a deficiency in original ideas, poor learning attitudes and motivation, and students' linguistic competencies. The over-reliance on AI was identified as a hindrance to the development of knowledge and skills such as critical thinking and language proficiency. In response to academic dishonesty, teachers advocated for increased regulations, the implementation of AI-based plagiarism detectors, and education on responsible AI use. The findings underscore the importance of adapting language teaching pedagogies and assessments to incorporate personalised learning and process-oriented teaching approaches that support critical thinking and genuine learning motivation. The insights derived from this research contribute to a deeper understanding of EFL educators' perspectives, offering valuable input for the development of policies and practices aimed at promoting academic integrity in the AI era. [Note: The page range (28-47) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 28-48.]

This article examines how graduate employability is viewed by employers in six economically disadvantaged mountainous provinces in Vietnam. The study reported in this article identified continuous self-learning, resilience, adaptability, devotion and empathy for the local people and local community to be among the main employability attributes expected of graduates in regional Vietnam. The findings of the study raise the importance of context situatedness in looking at employability and show how employability is characterised by the local structural conditions, demographic features and socio-cultural norms. The study provides significant implications for career guidance and graduate employability development, especially in relation to regional areas.

Perceptual learning theory suggests that perceptual grouping in mathematical expressions can direct students' attention toward specific parts of problems, thus impacting their mathematical reasoning. Using in-lab eye tracking and a sample of 85 undergraduates from a STEM-focused university, we investigated how higher-order operator position (HOO; i.e., multiplication/division operators and the presence of superfluous brackets impacted students' time to first fixation to the HOO, response time, and percent of correct responses). Students solved order-of-operations problems presented in six ways (3 HOO positions × presence of brackets). We found that HOO position and presence of superfluous brackets had separate and combined impacts on calculating arithmetic expressions. Superfluous brackets most influenced undergraduates' performance when higher-order operators were located in the center of mathematical expressions. Implications for learning and future directions are discussed about observing eye movements and gaining insights into students' processes when solving arithmetic expressions.

Writing is consistently regarded as one of the most challenging language-learning abilities. This paper investigates the challenges Vietnamese students face in learning academic writing in English. Ninety-five students from grades 6 to 12 who have been studying English for several years were surveyed using a questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 14 Likert-scale statements and one multiple-choice question to determine their interests, habits, and perspectives toward learning English. Most participants expressed a keen interest in learning languages but felt that their writing skills in English were not up to par, attributing this to inadequate time spent practicing. As a result, it is suggested that secondary school students in Vietnam increase their writing practice time in English and alter their learning routines and habits accordingly.

The training program is the focus of all pedagogical activities in particular and educational activities in general, so the development of training programs and activities related to the development of training programs have become an important issue and are of interest to many educational scientists. The literature review method is used in this study to collect and extract the data from the national database system to show an overview of training program research and training program development that have been conducted in Vietnam. The findings indicate that the training programs have been changed from content training to training to form learners' competence. Furthermore, the programs are developed using a variety of modern perspectives and theories, such as output standards, educational innovation needs, liberal educational philosophy, competency-based performance, and so on. However, many more studies should be carried out to not only point out the limitations of the system of studies on training programs but also provide scientific evidence for new directions of training program development that should be developed and applied by the education system.

A radical change has been witnessed in the English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) sector since COVID-19 appeared. Against this background, this study investigated teachers' perceptions of their collaboration in an online educational platform. The English teachers at our college exploited collaborative online activities using a rostered lesson planning process. Through this process, the teachers took turns to prepare a lesson plan fortnightly for other teachers to use. This time-efficient practice resulted in teachers' strong sense of confidence in the virtual educational environment, a reduced workload, effective classroom delivery, and a sense of uniformity. These findings were derived from eight semi-structured teacher interviews, which were subsequently transcribed and then coded in NVIVO 12. The data was analysed based on Shakenova's (2017) teacher collaboration framework. The findings led to the design of a collaborative practice model that can be used by ELICOS teachers and educators.

The main objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three STEM approaches in implementing STEM activities in lower secondary school students based on knowledge and scientific creativity. A pre-posttest experimental design was adapted. Six classes with almost similar learning conditions were randomly selected and each class was assigned as a group, in which two groups followed the Stand-alone engineering design approach, two adopted the 5E-EDP approach, and two classes used the Jigsaw learning approach. The data were collected from the tests before and after the experiments and were statistically analyzed. The findings revealed that these three approaches enhanced the students' gains in both knowledge and scientific creativity. Despite the overall progress, there existed a statistical difference among these models in their effects on the students' knowledge and scientific creativity. While 5E-EDP and Jigsaw learning approach were proven to make substantial progress in these factors, the Stand-alone engineering design scored less significance. The study also showed that there was a statistical difference between the Stand-alone engineering design approach and Jigsaw learning approach. The respective second approach formed a foundation for better performance of the students' knowledge and scientific creativity compared to the first one. Each approachhas its own value in enhancing students' knowledge and scientific creativity. The result of this study could be a hint for STEM educators to apply appropriate methods in similar contexts to boost achievements.

For students to advance beyond arithmetic, they must learn how to attend to the structure of math notation. This process can be challenging due to students' left-to-right computing tendencies. Brackets are used in mathematics to indicate precedence but can also be used as superfluous cues and perceptual grouping mechanisms in instructional materials to direct students' attention and facilitate accurate and efficient problem solving. This online study examines the impact of operator position and superfluous brackets on students' performance solving arithmetic problems. A total of 528 students completed a baseline assessment of math knowledge, then were randomly assigned to one of six conditions that varied in the placement of higher-order operator and the presence or absence of superfluous brackets: [a] brackets-left (e.g., (5 * 4) + 2 + 3), [b] no brackets-left (e.g., 5 * 4 + 2 + 3), [c] brackets-center (e.g., 2 + (5 * 4) + 3), [d] no brackets-center (e.g., 2 + 5 * 4 + 3), [e] brackets-right (e.g., 2 + 3 + (5 * 4)), and [f] no brackets-right (e.g., 2 + 3 + 5 * 4). Participants simplified expressions in an online learning platform with the goal to "master" the content by answering three questions correctly in a row. Results showed that, on average, students were more accurate in problem solving when the higher-order operator was on the left side and less accurate when it was on the right compared to in the center. There was also a main effect of the presence of brackets on mastery speed. However, interaction effects showed that these main effects were driven by the center position: superfluous brackets only improved accuracy when students solved expressions with brackets with the operator in the center. This study advances research on perceptual learning in math by revealing how operator position and presence of superfluous brackets impact students' performance. Additionally, this research provides implications for instructors who can use perceptual cues to support students during problem solving.

The rapid digital transformation and the widespread influence of the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted higher education in Vietnam. This social setting fosters online teaching and lecturers' online teaching competencies. The aim of this study is to investigate online teaching competence at two universities of technology and education in Vietnam through a survey. Based on a review of the literature, an online teaching competence scale for lecturers was developed and its validity and reliability were evaluated using exploratory component analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients with data from 311 lecturers at two public universities of technology and education. The online teaching competency scale for lecturers consists of 25 items organized into five component competencies: "Understanding student learning", "online session administration", "digital content development and learning facilitation", "technology" and "online learning outcomes assessment". With the exception of "technology", the remaining component competencies were identified as good. Not only online teaching modes but also online teaching activities and productions were also deployed to maintain learning activities especially during the COVID-19 pandemic at two universities. Recommendations for developing lecturers' online teaching competence were also considered.

Situated against the increasingly popular role of English and the internationalization of higher education, English as a medium of instruction (EMI) has become an observable phenomenon in Vietnamese tertiary education. However, there is still a dearth of studies looking at how EMI is viewed and understood by students from different disciplines. This study aims to investigate the attitude of university students majoring in natural sciences and social sciences towards EMI. By exploring the students' attitudes towards EMI, the study attempts to explain the challenges they encountered. Data were collected using questionnaires administered to 215 university students, including a group of 103 natural science students and another group of 112 social science students. The data highlight significant attitudinal differences between these two groups of students. Those majoring in natural sciences were recognizably satisfied with more obviously-defined learning intentions in EMI classes, whereas those majoring in social sciences were more concerned about their levels of concrete achievement in English proficiency. Based on the study findings, it is implied that lecturers should develop an informed EMI pedagogical competence and assist students in developing discipline-relevant EMI learning strategies.

Purpose: The advent of artificial intelligence technologies, exemplified by platforms such as ChatGPT, has created a profound global impact, with a particular resonance in education. This research aims to integrate the information systems success (ISS) model with the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) paradigm to explore how information quality and service quality individually, jointly, congruently, and incongruently affect higher education students' trust in ChatGPT, satisfaction, and continuance usage intention. Design/methodology/approach: We employed a sophisticated methodology -- polynomial regression with response surface analysis -- and conducted our study with a sample of 468 higher education students selected in Vietnam using a three-phase stratified random sampling approach to evaluate the hypotheses developed. Findings: The findings indicate that both information and service quality influence higher education students' trust directly and positively in ChatGPT, satisfaction, and continuance usage intention. Moreover, a balance between information quality and service quality can increase students' level of trust in ChatGPT, satisfaction, and intention to continue using it. Nevertheless, a significant incongruity between information quality and service quality will likely reduce trust in ChatGPT, satisfaction, and the intention to continue using the service. Originality/value: This research is one of the first to offer a shred of empirical evidence about how information quality and service quality interact congruently and incongruently with each other to trigger higher education students' trust in ChatGPT, satisfaction, and continuance usage intention of ChatGPT. It thus offers valuable insights for leveraging the benefits and mitigating potential challenges associated with adopting this innovative technology in educational settings.

Globally, higher education policy is typically framed in terms of the technical employability capabilities to advance the economic productivity of nations, and as such, can be myopic to the wider sustainable development challenge of 'Decent Work' (a form of employment with good working conditions). This form of myopia can fail to materially change the sociocultural conditions in local contexts of learning and work and ultimately perpetuate structural disadvantage. This article draws from policy participation conducted over 4 years which included (i) longitudinal focus group dialogue involving educational policy makers, implementers and students (n = 102) and (ii) document analysis of formal policy and evaluation reports. The study is conducted in one of the fastest growing economies which is rapidly developing its policy frameworks (Vietnam) to enhance the employability of ethnic minority students. Findings highlight the need for (i) a meta-perspective which encompasses the multiple stakeholders involved in enabling students to access and engage in decent work, (ii) building the capacity of students to actively change and improve their situations and (iii) awareness of the ways in which governments, educational institutions and employers can value the diversity of students and their circumstances. In contrast to the dominant institutional perspective, this article conceptualises the "counter-active effects" across education-work ecosystems which mediate policy efficacy and advances an alternative conceptual framework that integrates "ecosystems, empowerment" and "recognition" theory to inform policy formulation and assessment . This article advocates "expansive" rather than "myopic" policy to drive participation in Decent Work.

Aim/Purpose: The main goal of this study is to investigate the factors affecting students' satisfaction and continuous usage of ChatGPT in an educational context, using the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) as the theoretical framework. Specifically, this investigation focuses on identifying how user expectations, perceived usefulness, and satisfaction influence the continuous usage of ChatGPT in education. Background: ChatGPT is an AI-based chatbot that can generate natural language and support multi-turn dialogue. ChatGPT can be used in education for various purposes, such as academic writing, language translating, coding assistance, and information searching. Research indicates that ChatGPT is highly beneficial for students. Specifically, it aids in time-saving by synthesizing information across diverse fields and offers feedback tailored to individual learning needs and progress. Moreover, it enhances learning experiences through a personalized learning process, as well as aids in the translation of learning materials into different languages for improved accessibility. Despite the potential of ChatGPT in education, there remains a gap in understanding the determinants of user satisfaction and continuous usage. Therefore, this study was conducted to bridge this gap by assessing the impact of expectation confirmation, perceived usefulness, and satisfaction on continuous usage of ChatGPT. Methodology: This research employed a quantitative approach, which utilized a five-point Likert scale questionnaire to measure four variables with a total of 14 items. Data were collected from 435 students from eight Vietnamese universities through non-probability convenience sampling. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was examined using Cronbach's alpha. Four-factors Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were then employed through IBM SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 to assess the proposed model and hypotheses, allowing for a comprehensive examination of the relationships between 4 variables: perceived usefulness, expectation confirmation, satisfaction, and continuous usage. Contribution: This paper contributes to the literature on ChatGPT in education by identifying how expectation confirmation and perceived usefulness affect students' satisfaction and their intention to continue using ChatGPT in their learning. This study also has practical implications for educators and students for applying ChatGPT in their learning and teaching. It provides recommendations for effective use of ChatGPT in education. Findings: The study's results show that students with greater expectations, either met or surpassed by ChatGPT, perceived the tool as more beneficial and satisfying for their needs. Additionally, students who perceived ChatGPT as useful and valuable for their learning goals were more inclined to continue to use it. Furthermore, the findings indicate that higher satisfaction with the tool was associated with a greater likelihood of continuous usage. Nevertheless, the results did not reveal a significant relationship between perceived usefulness and satisfaction regarding ChatGPT. This implies that perceiving ChatGPT as useful does not guarantee satisfaction. This finding may be attributed to various factors influencing student satisfaction, such as price value, using habit, facilitating conditions, trust, reliability, and quality. Recommendations for Practitioners: Educators and students should consider the findings of this study to make informed decisions about the use of ChatGPT in educational settings, emphasizing the importance of managing users' expectation confirmation and ensuring perceived usefulness and satisfaction on continuous usage. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers can use the findings of this study as a foundation for exploring a deeper understanding of user expectation confirmation and the factors influencing perceived usefulness and satisfaction with ChatGPT in diverse educational settings. Impact on Society: This study contributes to the broader field of the application of AI technologies in education, potentially reshaping the dynamics of interaction between students and educators with AI technologies for educational purposes. Its contributions have the potential to elevate the overall quality of education by promoting the appropriate and effective use of AI technologies. Future Research: Future research should investigate the roles of ChatGPT in education more deeply and explore its long-term effects on both learners and educators. This includes conducting comparative studies to evaluate the efficacy and advantages of ChatGPT-assisted learning in comparison to traditional teaching methods. Additionally, there is a crucial need to assess the broader impact of ChatGPT on students' academic performance, cognitive development, and critical thinking skills.

This inquiry examines anti-Asian racism in the wake of COVID-19 and focuses attention on the experiences of Asian immigrant students enrolled in programs for English Speakers of Other Languages at a two-year AANAPISI. We draw upon AsianCrit to explore the racialization of these newcomer immigrant students and examine experiences with direct and vicarious racism. Interviews with 20 Asian immigrant students resulted in five initial themes: (1) racism affected students personally and vicariously; (2) students lived in fear of racist attack; (3) Asian racialization was unexpected, (4) students sought community in processing anti-Asian racism, and (5) students expected institutions to address racism.

This article draws on ethnographic research to explore the re-membering pedagogy of Hmong immigrant educators. It explicates the ways in which the work of Hmong immigrant educators within a theater project recenters Hmong ethnicity, reveals marginalization, and re-affirms family. Our study significantly advances an understanding of re-membering pedagogy through an analysis of a program within a co-ethnic, community-based organization as a site of re-membering that reclaims and recalls ethnic heritage and belonging.

This descriptive study examines the experiences of virtually-trained new members in a hybrid distributed community of practice (CoP) focused on undergraduate genomics education. We utilized a sequential explanatory mixed methods research design consisting of an engagement survey for all community members (n=124), followed by interviews with new members (n=15). Survey analysis identifies several areas in which new members do not differ from members with longer involvement, including in motivations for involvement, levels of engagement, satisfaction, and perceived benefits of community involvement. These findings indicate ways in which virtual training and integration was able to facilitate important community outcomes within a new, online context. Our interviews reveal important elements of training new CoP members, including onboarding, implementation, and community engagement opportunities, that successfully facilitated new members' integration into the community and contributed to their meeting the aforementioned outcomes. The findings of this study provide useful lessons and structures for growing communities through virtual means.

The growing prevalence of advanced generative artificial intelligence chatbots, such as ChatGPT, in the educational sector has raised considerable interest in understanding their impact on student knowledge and exploring effective and sustainable implementation strategies. This research investigates the influence of knowledge management factors on the continuous usage of ChatGPT for educational purposes while concurrently evaluating student satisfaction with its use in learning. Using a quantitative approach, a structured questionnaire was administered to 513 Vietnamese university students via Google Forms for data collection. The partial least squares structural equation modeling statistical technique was employed to examine the relationships between identified factors and evaluate the research model. The results provided strong support for several hypotheses, revealing significant positive effects of expectation confirmation on perceived usefulness and satisfaction, as well as perceived usefulness on user satisfaction and continuous usage of ChatGPT. These findings suggest that when students recognize the usefulness of ChatGPT for their learnings, they experience higher satisfaction and are more likely to continue using it. In addition, knowledge acquisition significantly impacts both satisfaction and continuous usage of ChatGPT, while knowledge sharing and application influence satisfaction exclusively. This indicates that students prioritize knowledge acquisition over sharing and applying knowledge through ChatGPT. The study has theoretical and practical implications for ChatGPT developers, educators, and future research. Theoretically, it contributes to understanding satisfaction and continuous usage in educational settings, utilizing the expectation confirmation model and integrating knowledge management factors. Practically, it provides insights into comprehension and suggestions for enhancing user satisfaction and continuous usage of ChatGPT in education.

The present study performs a three-level meta-analysis to investigate the overall effectiveness of automated writing evaluation (AWE) on EFL/ESL student writing performance. 24 primary studies representing 85 between-group effect sizes and 34 studies representing 178 within-group effect sizes found from 1993 to 2021 were separately meta-analyzed. The results indicated a medium overall between-group effect size (g = 0.59) and a large overall within-group effect size (g = 0.98) of AWE on student writing performance. Analyses of moderators show that: (1)- AWE is more effective in improving vocabulary usage but less effective in improving grammar in students' writing; (2)- "Grammarly" shows potential in being a highly effective tool, though Pigai did not demonstrate such effectiveness; (3)- Medium to long duration of AWE usage leads to a higher effect, but short duration leads to a lower effect in writing outcome compared to non-AWE treatment; (4)- Studying with peers in AWE condition potentially produces a large effect; (5)- AWE is beneficial to students at the undergraduate level, students in the EFL context, and students with intermediate English proficiency. Directions for future research are also discussed in the present study. Overall, AWE is a beneficial application and is recommended for integration in the writing classroom.

As a result of systemic barriers, undocumented immigrants are more likely to enroll in community colleges and to enter these institutions with higher prior academic achievement than their peers. I explore the potential spillover benefits of this hyperselection on other students using data from a large community college system and two identification strategies. Fixed effects models show the share of undocumented students in a course is associated with improved outcomes among U.S. citizen students. This peer effect declines after the California DREAM Act policy broadened college access and reduced hyperselection among the undocumented student population.

Purpose: Digital transformation continues to rapidly progress in higher education globally, spanning all aspects of higher education operations, values and culture. Despite expanding literature, guidance remains focussed on emergency application during pandemic lockdowns and/or on single organisational case studies. Digital transformation frameworks that move beyond these foci are heavily criticised for being commercially contextualised (outside of higher education) and are often too narrowly conceptualised. The purpose of this paper is to review the most common framework currently used in the UK, which takes a strategic and organisational perspective on digital transformation. Design/methodology/approach: This is a technical review article that summarises key guidance for organisational digital capability and then reflects on its application in the UK (a developed economy and higher education system) and in Vietnam (one of the fastest-growing economies with a developing higher education committed to digital transformation) as an initial attempt to explore its applicability beyond the UK context. Vietnam has been chosen as a reference context, given its significant current digital transformation policy reform at the national level and as a collaboration partner with the UK in its digital transformation. Findings: The guidance highlights six core areas to consider for digital capability: information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, content and information, research and innovation, communication, learning, teaching and assessment and organisational digital culture. Although the framework is normative, findings suggest it is sufficiently open-ended to enable its users to determine practical steps to drive digital transformation. However, complementary tools are suggested to deal with the rapidly developing digital transformation policy context of Vietnam. Originality/value: This is the first time a review has been conducted from the perspective of different countries, with a view to supporting leaders, managers and policymakers in the UK, Vietnam and other Association of South Eastern Nations (ASEAN) networks in their own digital transformation transitions.

The learning management system (LMS) is a crucial component of the e-learning transformation which is becoming more urgent amid the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The issue of adopting LMS is even more decisive in developing countries, where lots of efforts have been put out to broaden educational opportunities. However, there has not yet been any comprehensive analysis of how LMS-related issues are examined in these countries. To address this gap, this study uses the bibliometric method to construct an overview of research on this topic. The results unveil the distribution of the literature, prominent actors, and dominant themes in the literature of LMS in developing countries. In summary, the topic is a robustly potential research matter. Future researchers can use this study as a starter when investigating relevant subjects.

The teaching method is one of the main aspects to make a huge contribution to the success of any education system, and project-based teaching (PBL) is an important aspect to contribute to the success of education also. This research was conducted through a review of project-based teaching that has been used in the education system of Vietnam, including a sample, and setting that included imperial and theoretical literature selected from the fields of education. Findings show that this method has been applied to various sectors of education, from kindergarten education to higher education, in many disciplines and subjects, in schools and educational settings, and has become more widely popular than ever. This method, however, has its drawbacks because it takes time to master and teachers need more skills to manage the learning atmosphere. This method has been commonly accepted as one that can help teachers and learners understand more and get more benefits in the learning and teaching process.

In 2008, the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities (MSCU) system modified residency criteria for tuition determinations and allowed institutions to charge international students in-state tuition. We use IPEDS data and a difference-in-differences design to determine the impact of the policy change on new international student enrollment in MSCU public four-year colleges relative to those in neighboring states, the Heartland, and all other states. We also derive a synthetic control group and compare the results. The findings indicate the MSCU policy allowing international students to pay in-state tuition drew 385 new international students to the state in the policy's first year. Domestic student enrollment did not change, so we infer the policy resulted in an increase in net revenues. We discuss the benefits of expanding in-state tuition to international students, including how it can attract international students to less selective and regional college and universities, increase the cultural diversity of campus and local communities, and expand access to higher education to a more socioeconomically diverse population of students seeking to study in the United States.

Some states have enacted inclusive policies that reduce constraints and uncertainty for undocumented students, potentially changing their academic decisions and postsecondary goals. We explore shifts in continuing undocumented community college students' course-taking before and after the California DREAM Act, which provided access to state financial aid. We use difference-in-differences comparisons with permanent residents, refugees, and U.S. citizens who were unaffected by these policies to examine policy impacts. After its implementation, continuing students increased their enrollment intensity, primarily in degree-applicable and transferable courses, and decreased coursework in career/technical education. This suggests state financial aid may have broadened postsecondary possibilities and made transfer to a 4-year institution a more viable option for undocumented students. At the same time, access to aid did not increase undocumented students' credit loads to the level of their peers, underscoring the reality that other constraints continue to shape undocumented students' participation in higher education.

This study aims to assess high school students' learning outcomes, their achievement of goals and fulfilling academic requirements and how the entire teaching and learning process takes place. The study, consisting of an experimental group and a control group was conducted for pre-test and post-test comparisons of the academic performance of 88 10th grade students. 44 students were selected as the experimental group that underwent a specific teaching strategy to monitor their development of qualities and competencies in one semester, and the remaining 44 students acted as the control group. The data collected after the tests were analyzed using SPSS software (V20). The results showed that the students in the experimental group had better academic results than those in the control group. The findings of this study have implications for policy, further research as well as approaches for the assessment of students' development of qualities and competencies in Vietnam.

"EFL Teachers' Perceptions of the Individualized Learning (IL) Model: A Case at an English Language Center" was conducted to obtain two research aims: (1) to find out the teachers' perceptions of the IL model; (2) to investigate the benefits and difficulties teachers face when they implement the IL model in their classrooms. The research utilized the questionnaire and semi-structured interview to collect data from 26 teachers from the English language center where the individualized learning model is implemented. The results show that the mean scores of all items related to teachers' perceptions show that their perceptions of the IL were high (M=3.8423) on the five-point Likert scale (see Table 2). As a result, the teacher understood the IL rather well and revealed four main advantages related to the flexibility of the learning pace, the material and the learning schedule; the instant supports from the teachers; the increase in learners' confidence; and the improvement of learners' academic performance. However, the results of the interview also revealed two main disadvantages including time-consuming and lack of interaction between learners and learners. In addition, the results also show that there was a positive correlation between teachers' perceptions and the way they implemented the IL in their classroom. The contention is that decision should be made as to what degree of the individualization will be implemented.

The paper is the first to examine international students in Vietnam despite the country's long-existing effort at internationalization. The empirical study is conducted at a large public university in the capital of Vietnam, a popular destination for foreign students. The study explores socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students and finds that lack of support system severely affects their adaptation, especially in academic adaptation. The paper aims to draw attention to the renovation of university system in order to better serve the needs of a diverse student body.

Examining linked academic transcripts from urban community colleges and their feeder high schools, we identify math course-taking patterns that span sectors. We highlight stifled mobility and chronic repetition of math coursework in the transition to college, and we identify "math traps" from which students do not escape. Math mobility was limited, math repetition was rampant, and nearly half of students found themselves in math traps. All else equal, being trapped in math was significantly linked to race/ethnicity, suggesting that these forms of chronic math tracking across sectors expose previously undocumented forms of inequality in educational experiences.

Background: Prior work has shown that middle school students struggle with algebra and that game-based educational technologies, such as DragonBox and From Here to There!, are effective at improving students' algebraic performance. However, it remains unclear which aspects of algebraic knowledge shift as a result of playing these games and what game design features support algebraic learning. Objective: Using the data from a randomized controlled trial conducted in the 2020-2021 academic year, we (a) examined students' relative performance on assessment items measuring conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge and procedural flexibility in algebraic equation solving, and (b) identified changes in these aspects of algebraic knowledge after playing DragonBox or From Here to There!. Methods: Eight hundred eighty-seven seventh-graders were randomly assigned to playing DragonBox or From Here to There! for nine 30-min sessions throughout the school year. Students also completed a pretest, midtest and posttest measuring their algebraic knowledge. Results and Conclusion: First, prior to the intervention, students scored the highest on procedural knowledge and lowest on conceptual knowledge. Second, students significantly improved and maintained learning gains on conceptual knowledge throughout the intervention. Their performance on procedural knowledge and procedural flexibility items increased at midtest but decreased at posttest. Third, the pattern of results was consistent for students in the DragonBox and From Here to There! conditions, suggesting that both games may support students' conceptual understanding of algebra. The findings have implications for research and practice on supporting algebraic learning through game-based technologies during and beyond educational disruptions. [For the corresponding grantee submission, see ED628258.]

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory (VST) has been increasingly utilised as an effective framework to account for the role of emotions in learning and development. Yet, within VST, emotion has neither been systemically theorised nor investigated. This paper contributes to the literature by offering a theoretical discussion of Vygotsky's perspective on emotion and its relation to cognition. Employing a content analysis approach, three of Vygotsky's key texts on emotions were closely read and analysed with emerging themes grouped into a system of interrelated theoretical tenets. The insights gained from this paper benefit scholars who are interested in understanding and researching emotions from a VST perspective as well as provide important implications for educational practices.

COVID-19 has spawned a critical shift in the landscape of higher education (HE) worldwide, entailing transformations of practices across the field, in which quality assurance (QA) for HE has also evolved to both reflect and stay adaptive to the 'new normal' formed during and beyond the pandemic. Against the COVID-19 context, this paper retells some of the existing debates for Vietnamese QA and accreditation activities, as well as identifies emerging challenges in QA practices in the post-pandemic era. Theoretically, the paper contributes a conceptual tool to examine the QA of the Vietnamese HE system, embracing three dimensions of teaching and learning, inputs and outputs. This further underpins our inquiry for QA practices in the Vietnamese HE context which has been scaffolded and developed accordingly. Drawn from a critical review and analysis of emerging policies and existing literature, practical implications and projections for the directions of Vietnamese QA in the future will be provided. This paper presents a timely insight for the process of policy-making and the implementation process of QA in Vietnamese HE during a time of uncertainties and looks towards building resilience to future crises.

This study was to examine student satisfaction in remote online learning environments during COVID-19 in Indonesia. The participants were 65 undergraduate Informatics students from a private university in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data from Strachota's Student Satisfaction survey responses were examined using quantitative analyses. According to the findings, there was a strong and statistically significant relationship between student satisfaction and interaction. According to predictive models, every type of interaction could predict student satisfaction, with student interaction with content being the most powerful predictor. Furthermore, the findings revealed that self-ability in digital learning, good internet accessibility and connectivity, the presence and feedback of the teacher, website content, and the ability to learn from peer feedback and group discussions all played important roles in influencing student satisfaction. Students reported that they were generally more satisfied with their improved spoken communication skills, which helped them achieve their learning objectives. The findings suggest that integrating synchronous and asynchronous learning effectively promotes student learning and improves student satisfaction in Indonesia's remote online learning environment.

This study examines Vietnamese, non-English major college students' perceived self-efficacy and their comfort in using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in learning English as a foreign language. A survey was completed by 975 students. Findings revealed that half of the students ranked themselves as basic EFL users, and fewer rated themselves as independent users or proficient users. Inferential statistics analysis found students' perceived self-efficacy differed by their comfort levels in using ICTs. Specifically, those with a high to very high comfort level were more self-efficacious in their learning of English compared to those with an average or low level. These findings may help explain the issue of limited proficiency in EFL learning among non-English major college students in Vietnam, in relation to how comfortable they are using ICTs. Further investigation is needed however to clarify the relationship between technology comfort levels and self-efficacy among EFL learners.

Community-university partnerships are increasingly being used to address complex, systemic problems, such as food insecurity. However, this form of research is highly labour intensive and requires substantial time and energy. Several community-university partnerships have begun to appoint individuals who act to 'bridge' such partnerships to navigate complex social and political environments, and stimulate action. However, few examples exist that highlight the specific nature of these positions. To address this gap, the current paper describes the multiple and complicated roles played by a bridge person in supporting a project developed in response to food insecurity among migrant families. We outline three major roles that required varying forms of labour: (1) "Solving Problems" (Adaptive Labour), (2) "Navigating Scarcity" (Political Labour), and (3) "Responding to Urgency" (Emotional Labour). We intend to highlight the ambivalent spaces bridge people operate within and the implications for these individuals and the community-university partnerships they intend to support.

Prior research has shown negative relations between math anxiety and math performance. We posit that one potential pathway through which math anxiety influences performance of math equivalencies is through help seeking behavior during learning. Here, we examine whether middle school students' behavior, specifically the frequency of hint requests, within educational technologies mediates the association between math anxiety and performance of math equivalence. Students completed a pretest measuring their performance of math equivalence and math anxiety prior to the intervention, and a posttest measuring their performance of math equivalence. We examine mediation in two online math learning technologies: From Here to There (FH2T) and ASSISTments. In both FH2T and ASSISTments, students can request hints that provide just-in-time support during problem solving. We examined whether the frequency of hint requests mediates the effects of math anxiety on performance in both conditions. Using multi-group mediation analyses, we found that math anxiety was not a predictor of hint usage in either condition when controlling for pretest performance. Further, we found that students with lower performance at the pretest used more hints in the problem set condition, and using more hints was associated with lower performance of math equivalence at the posttest. This relation was not significant in the FH2T condition, suggesting a fundamental difference in hint usage between the two technologies. These findings have implications for designing educational technologies that simultaneously promote math performance and productive help seeking behaviors in middle school students.

Future work self is a promising concept to understand how young people view and plan their careers in the contemporary workplace. In this study, we attempt to investigate its impacts on two career-related outcomes, namely, perceived employability and career distress. Informed by social cognitive career theory, we also explore the mediating role of career decision self-efficacy in the above relationships. Several hypotheses were developed and tested with a sample of 208 final-year undergraduate students (with a mean age of 21.5 and 145 of them are female) in China. The results of structural equation modeling and bootstrapping indicated that future work self has a positive relationship with perceived employability and a negative relationship with career distress, while these relationships are found to be mediated by career decision self-efficacy. Our study has advanced our understanding about how future work self contributes to career-related well-being among Chinese students.

The advancement of artificial intelligence in education (AIED) has the potential to transform the educational landscape and influence the role of all involved stakeholders. In recent years, the applications of AIED have been gradually adopted to progress our understanding of students' learning and enhance learning performance and experience. However, the adoption of AIED has led to increasing ethical risks and concerns regarding several aspects such as personal data and learner autonomy. Despite the recent announcement of guidelines for ethical and trustworthy AIED, the debate revolves around the key principles underpinning ethical AIED. This paper aims to explore whether there is a global consensus on ethical AIED by mapping and analyzing international organizations' current policies and guidelines. In this paper, we first introduce the opportunities offered by AI in education and potential ethical issues. Then, thematic analysis was conducted to conceptualize and establish a set of ethical principles by examining and synthesizing relevant ethical policies and guidelines for AIED. We discuss each principle and associated implications for relevant educational stakeholders, including students, teachers, technology developers, policymakers, and institutional decision-makers. The proposed set of ethical principles is expected to serve as a framework to inform and guide educational stakeholders in the development and deployment of ethical and trustworthy AIED as well as catalyze future development of related impact studies in the field.

This study examined the differential experience and educational outcomes among two English Language Learning (ELL) student cohorts, namely holders of a high school diploma and individuals who did not complete high school. Our analysis of 39 interviews with ELL respondents demonstrated that premigration experience; personal qualities; interactions at home, in school, and in the community; as well as peer influence, have shaped the differing experience and inequitable educational outcomes of ELL students. The findings brought attention to the areas of support for all ELL students, including quality classroom instruction, explicit and structured ELL education, supplementary academic and literacy programs, responsive psychosocial support, and access to positive mentors.

Our inquiry considers how minoritized youth counter brutal hegemony by re-imagining their identities through arts. In particular, it explores how minoritized youth draw on dark themes to (re)present their lives in creative production. Since K-12 educational contexts are often viewed as sites of convivial ambience where student depictions of violence are discouraged (Phillips [2012]. "Retribution and Rebellion: Children's Meaning Making of Justice Through Storytelling." "International Journal of Early Childhood" 44: 141-156.), research is needed to explicate how youth engage themes of physical violence, destruction, and even death in storying their lives. Our article is guided by the following questions: How do minoritized youth engage dark themes that disrupt discourses of conviviality in re-storying their lives? Why is a curriculum of darkness important for radical healing? Our illumination of the ways in which minoritized youth explored violence and destruction in their creative work significantly extends the literature on young people's examination of identity and inequality. Our study brings attention to the need for a curriculum of darkness, where pedagogy might better reflect the dark themes that are culturally relevant (Ladson-Billings [1995]. "Toward a Theory of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy." "American Educational Research Journal" 32 (3): 465-491.) to the identities and lives of minoritized young people.

This study draws on ethnographic research from three co-ethnic community-based, arts programs serving immigrant youth to examine the ways in which immigrant educators serve as "curriculum texts" for youth. It illustrates the curricular nature of the experiences, being and interactions of immigrant educators who share with youth the same racialized ethnic backgrounds, languages, and cultural heritage. It significantly contributes to the re-imagining of the possibilities for education across formal and non-formal settings, and the re-valuing of the work of co-ethnic community-based organizations and their immigrant staff. Against the backdrop of a paucity of teachers of color, exploring the curricular contributions of minoritized educators in out-of-school contexts is critical for understanding significance of minoritized educators for advancing culturally relevant pedagogy.

Despite the considerable amount of work which has been conducted into teachers' needs for professional development (PD) in mainstream education, this topic has been received little attention in the field of English language teaching (ELT). This paper presents findings from a phenomenological study investigating the perceived needs for PD of Vietnamese tertiary English as a foreign language (EFL) lecturers. Grounded in andragogy theory, this study found that EFL lecturers expressed a strong need for content-focussed, on-going, collaborative and career-stage specific PD activities in the future. The findings from this study shed light on key issues for academic managers and PD planners to focus on when planning, organising and implementing PD activities. This study contributes to current literature related to tertiary EFL lecturers' PD needs within the Vietnamese higher education context and may be applied to other international contexts.