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A collective priority of teachers is to facilitate students in thriving academically, personally, and socially. However, the challenges associated with compassion fatigue (i.e., the mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion that comes with working with and caring for individuals who are impacted by distress and trauma) combined with personal and occupational stressors are quickly pushing teachers outside of the profession (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2022). Until present educational systems are reformed in a way that provides relief to teachers, the second part of this series offers teachers guided opportunities to explore, personalize, and practice practical self-care strategies related to managing compassion fatigue and promoting overall well-being within the educational setting. Considering the personal, sociopolitical, and cultural limitations of practicing capitalistic self-care, the following guided activities include (a) self-awareness exercises that examine possible patterns of personal and contextual emotional distress; (b) the identification and promotion of protective factors that mitigate occupational stress including collegial social support and strengthening self-efficacy through defining and celebrating personal measures of success; (c) self-regulation strategies that relieve the stress response and enhance emotional resilience including deep breathing, and mindful self-compassion; and (d) planning for implementation inside the school setting. Teachers will reflect on techniques and strategies that best support their occupational well-being. Finally, implications in support of protecting teachers against compassion fatigue are discussed, including proactive recommendations for pre-service and early-career teachers. Additional resources that may assist teachers in seeking support for emotional well-being are included.

Supporting students' emotional health has become indispensable considering unprecedented collective trauma and present-day stressors including the COVID-19 pandemic, gun violence, longstanding systemic inequities, and a polarized political climate impacting the educational system. In addition to navigating personal and occupational stressors, teachers are frequently exposed to secondhand accounts and effects of students' traumatic experiences, increasing their risk of compassion fatigue (i.e., the mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion that results from working with and caring for individuals who are impacted by distress and trauma). Teachers' emotional resilience is essential in the fight against compassion fatigue, burnout, and withdrawal from the profession. The first of a two-part series, this article lays groundwork that encourages pre-service, early career, and veteran physical and health educators to reflect on risk factors and protective factors that safeguard their socioemotional health as they are asked to continue to give. It begins by describing the role of teachers as emotional first responders in the classroom, followed by risk factors and symptoms of compassion fatigue. The importance, challenges, and limitations of practicing "self-care" as a commonly suggested way to prevent and manage compassion fatigue are addressed. Finally, a call is made for a paradigmatic shift aimed at protecting and uplifting teachers and students. The second part of the series continues this discussion by providing guided activities that encourage teachers to explore, practice, and reflect on personalized and practical coping strategies for emotion regulation that promote well-being and healthful longevity in the profession.

Thirty-one children with and without autism spectrum disorder were asked to draw the meaning of 10 basic concepts. Following each drawing, children explained their drawing to the experimenter. Transcripts of the drawing task were coded for children's use of personal pronouns and internal state terms. Children's use of on- and off-task comments while explaining each drawing was examined. Both groups of children had a longer mean length of utterance when prompted to explain their drawings than while they were drawing. Analyses revealed no significant differences between children with and without autism in their use of internal state terms, pronouns, or their use of on- and off-task language during the drawing task. Clinical implications for the use of drawings as expressive language supports for children with autism are discussed.

Truncating variants of the "MAGEL2" gene, one of the protein-coding genes within the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) critical region on chromosome 15q11, cause Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS)--a neurodevelopmental disorder that shares several clinical features with PWS. The current study sought to characterize the neurobehavioral phenotype of SYS in a sample of 9 patients with molecularly-confirmed SYS. Participants received an assessment of developmental/intellectual functioning, adaptive functioning, autism symptomatology, and behavioral/emotional functioning. Compared to individuals with PWS, patients with SYS manifested more severe cognitive deficits, no obsessions or compulsions, and increased rates of autism spectrum disorder.

Young children who cannot use their natural speech to communicate their daily wants, needs, thoughts, and opinions often rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies that frequently use graphic symbols to assemble messages. Early intervention strategies typically focus on visual scene displays (VSDs) to place target messages in familiar contextualized scenes. However, there are currently no bridging strategies to assist children in moving from VSDs to displays incorporating discrete graphic symbols. The use of contextualized video vignettes is a potential bridge. This preliminary study implemented an intervention using video and play activities paired with a direct instruction approach to teach 10 graphic symbols of important early concepts to children with complex communication needs (CCN). A single-subject multiple baseline across subjects research design was used. Results indicated that the intervention was effective in teaching the target concepts.

The purpose of this article is to first provide PE teachers with an understanding of the different types of trauma students face, including traumatic events, historical trauma experienced by members of racial, ethnic, sexual, and religious minorities, as well as how trauma exposure interferes with student learning. Second, it will encourage teachers to build their own trauma-informed skills, such as self-awareness, self-care, self-regulation, and mindfulness in order to help them model healthy social and emotional skills for their students. Third, since PE teachers operate in a different environment than their classroom counterparts, they require a specialized set of guidelines for trauma-informed instruction that provides safety for all.

The prevalence of depression increases markedly during adolescence, yet many youth are not receiving the support that they need. One factor that has been speculated as contributing to low rates of care is a lack of mental health literacy about depression and viable sources of support. This pilot study focused on mental health literacy as it relates to adolescent depression and suicidality and represented a pseudo-replication of Burns and Rapee (2006). Overall, participants (N = 36) in this study were able to differentiate depressed vignettes from non-depressed vignettes and identify common symptoms of depression in their assessments. Also, sources of optimal help identified by participants varied upon the perceived degree of seriousness of the difficulties. Such results offer implications regarding the potential benefit of including adolescents in a more direct way when providing outreach or offering services.

Academic preparation is essential to the continued fidelity and growth of the counseling profession and clinical practice. The accreditation of academic programs is essential to ensuring the apposite education and preparation of future counselors. Although the process is well documented for counselors-in-training in the United States, there is a dearth of literature describing the academic preparation of counselors in the United Kingdom and Ireland. This article describes interview findings from six counseling programs at institutions in England and Ireland: Cork Institute of Technology; the University of East Anglia; the University of Cambridge; the University of Limerick; The University of Manchester; and West Suffolk College. It also discusses common and differentiating themes with counselor training in the U.S.

Purpose: This paper aims to explore how in Irish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), problem-based learning (PBL) could possibly provide a paradigm which addresses two key research objectives: What are the learning needs and challenges faced by Irish SMEs? and How could PBL satisfy these needs through integrating formal and informal learning? Design/Methodology/Approach: An action research methodology was adopted using Lewin's (1994) action research cycle. In the reconnaissance stage, surveys and focus groups were conducted with a purposive research sample of Irish SMEs regarding their learning needs and challenges. Based on these results, a plan was formulated to adapt the traditional PBL model into a workplace PBL model (wPBL). Lastly, the wPBL model was implemented and evaluated in 42 SMEs. Findings: The research identified several specific learning needs for SMEs, namely, learning that is cost-effective, tailored to the company and its challenges, immediately applied, demonstrates a tangible outcome (is measurable), organically fostering a learning culture, addresses knowledge gaps, continuous, develops communication, team work, problem-solving and technical skills. The traditional PBL model was adapted into a wPBL model to meet the above learning needs of SMEs. It was found that the wPBL model had the potential to address long-standing company problems (making it cost-effective), facilitate continuous learning and develop horizontal and transversal skills such as problem-solving and communication. Originality/Value: Much of the learning that takes place in SMEs is incidental or informal, and often does not contribute to the long-term sustainability of the organisation. This paper aims to propose a practical framework using wPBL to structure incidental and informal learning in SMEs so that it provides an immediate benefit to the company. To date, there has been little research into the application of PBL outside higher education, and the paper proposes a framework to assist the transition of PBL to a workplace environment.

By 2016, Hanban, a propaganda arm of the Chinese government, had successfully established Confucius Institutes (CIs) at 15% of the largest institutions of higher education, including some of the most prestigious institutions, and in almost every state across the United States. The authors describe in detail the extent of penetration by Hanban and its strategies of cooptation and discuss the public reaction to these "soft power" beachheads. This study employs four sources of evidence to help demonstrate how and why the Chinese "soft power" initiative has been successful in the United States. First, the authors compare 655 of the largest 4-year colleges and universities to assess what kind of universities have been targeted by the Chinese government. Second, we conducted a survey of U.S. directors of CIs to explore their perceptions of their own CI's public image and the relationship between their U.S. university and its Chinese partner university. Third, the authors analyze 2,733 news stories mentioning CIs gathered from U.S. newspapers during the period from 2004 to 2016 to learn how CIs projected their legitimacy as an integral part of universities across the United States. Finally, the authors analyze 107 CI websites at U.S. universities to help describe their general features and their activity in public outreach. With very positive local media coverage, CIs are active in curriculum and public outreach, and the majority of U.S. directors of CIs are confident about their public image and satisfied with their relationship with Chinese partner universities and Hanban. The authors conclude by speculating about why this Chinese "soft power" initiative has been so successful.

This article describes how one strength and conditioning youth development program implements the teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) framework with a portfolio-based system. Some scholars have noted that using portfolios helps connect assessment to instruction by promoting individualized learning for students. The purpose of this article is to share how one program is implementing TPSR by using graphic organizers that make up the portfolio system. First, the important components of TPSR, and how they guide the creation of portfolios, are described. Second, each section of a daily program format, and how a graphic organizer called the workout card guides student work in each section, is described. The workout card helps coaches capture physical activity planning, self-reflection, self-assessment, and written coach feedback. Third, a graphic organizer referred to as the zoom out is explained. This tool collects and organizes student work and coach feedback completed over an extended period of time. Finally, some lessons learned from years of developing the program and portfolio-based system are shared.

The Internet is a source of many resources for graduate speech-language pathology (SLP) students. It is important to understand the resources students are aware of, which they use, and why they are being chosen as sources of information for therapy activities. A national online survey of graduate SLP students was conducted to assess their awareness, use, and value of social networking and online resources. Participants also viewed original interface designs created to support the use of current literature in the development of therapy activities. A total of 683 students (348 first-year and 335 second-year) representing the national population in terms of region, ethnicity, and sex completed the survey. Students were highly aware of and active in social networking. High overall awareness was associated with high overall use. First-year students reported using online resource sites when unsure what to do more than second-year students. Students reported implementing activities obtained from social networking or online resource sites (92%) but few provided feedback (14%) or contributed materials (11%). Students supported integrations between social networking and research articles that created links between activities and the evidence base. Results of this survey have implications for clinical education and academic instruction in the era of digital technologies. Integrative features of online resources may help students to bridge the gap between evidence and daily therapy activities by supporting connections to research literature.

Education providers experiment with different pedagogical strategies that depart from traditional modes of delivery. Problem-based learning (PBL), which enhances and leverages practitioners' competencies and skill-sets, is one such strategy. Transitioning to PBL can prove challenging for course design teams. This paper provides evidence-based insights into this transition by detailing how a management development programme for 10 frontline managers transitioned from traditional to pilot PBL delivery. Drawing on the six stages identified in the transition, and empirical data on the student experience, five conclusions on managing the transition to PBL were identified: (1) critical involvement and input of stakeholders external to the course design team; (2) need to adapt PBL for institutional, discipline and cohort fit; (3) importance of preparing the student cohort to cope with the inherent tensions of PBL; (4) managing their potential demands for additional control; (5) clarification of opportunity and resource costs that arise from implementing PBL.

The TPSR Alliance has become a vital community of practice for my graduate students and for me personally. During the past decade, I (the first author) have worked with graduate students at Boston University to provide a program for youth development through sports and fitness at a large, high-needs public high school in the Boston area. Our program, "Get Ready," is inspired by the teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) framework and has offered a variety of services to hundreds of students. The Get Ready program is run through the Institute for Athletic Coach Education in the School of Education at Boston University. Our efforts have been supported in part by a collaboration among Boston-area universities named "Step Up." The goal of this effort is for universities to provide assistance to Boston public schools in closing the achievement gap and "to give our city's students the best education possible and to help them reach their full potential." The purpose of this article is to describe the aspects of the TPSR Alliance that make it a community of practice for those of us at Boston University involved in the Get Ready program. It will describe the impact the Alliance has had on our youth development program, as well as on us--the coaches and personnel who face the daily challenges of such a program. In particular, I will focus on how the TPSR Alliance is a community of practice that helps us learn about the important aspects of our work.

Despite the perception that face-to-face classrooms provide speaking opportunities, studies by Fassinger (1995), Nunn (1996), and Weimer (2013) have conveyed that there is limited interaction in a traditional college lecture setting. Social media networks such as Twitter provide an opportunity for instructors to utilize popular mobile technology to create a discussion beyond the classroom. Twitter's 140-character maximum creates an efficient method of communication that can be spaced over time. Spacing practice has the potential for improving classroom learning (Dempster, 1989). This mixed-methods study utilizing a convenience sample tested if Twitter could serve as a more effective method of review than a traditional paper study guide in an introductory college history course. No significant differences were found in in the posttest performance of both groups. Participants found Twitter easy to use, were unconcerned about their privacy on social media, and reported that Twitter did not increase student engagement when used only as an information distribution tool.

Between 1999 and 2011, seven international symposia on career development and public policy were held at various venues across the world, and an International Centre was established to support and maintain continuity between these events. These developments were closely intertwined with a number of other significant international developments. The origins of the symposia are described; their core design features are defined; their evolution is outlined and reviewed; and their impact is assessed. This article concludes with a discussion of the prospects for future symposia and for the International Centre.

Relatively little has been published on mental health care and counseling as they pertain to Armenia, a country of approximately three million residents that gained independence in 1991 from the former Soviet Union. Various influences, such as its history, economy, religious and family systems, and a major natural disaster in 1988, have affected the subsequent development of professional mental health systems. Though challenges exist, improvements have been evident in the past 15 years with the development of psychiatric facilities, laws protecting clients using mental health services, and professional associations to educate and advocate for mental healthcare issues. The development and possible role of counseling in this country are also discussed.

This study examined the help-seeking attitudes of graduate students enrolled in an off-campus professional centre. The sample consisted of 217 participants enrolled in 10 graduate programs (130 women [60%], 37 men [17%], 50 unspecified [23%]). Analyses (descriptive statistics and t-tests) indicated that women possessed more favourable attitudes toward seeking counselling than men. Furthermore, an overwhelming majority of graduate students would not travel to the main campus to utilize counselling services. Many participants identified potential obstacles, including lack of time, affordability, and lack of insurance coverage, as important obstacles to help-seeking. Several factors were also found to be significant predictors of help-seeking attitudes. University counselling centre professionals are encouraged to be available and sensitive to the counselling needs of off-campus graduate students.

Objective: Despite concerns regarding elevated psychiatric morbidity and suicide among veterans returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), little is known about the impact of psychiatric conditions on the risk of suicide in these veterans. To inform tailored suicide prevention efforts, it is important to assess interrelationships between OEF/OIF status, psychiatric morbidity, and suicide mortality. This study sought to examine potential associations between OEF/OIF status and suicide mortality among individuals receiving care in the Department of Veterans Affairs health system, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Analyses assessed potential interactions between OEF/OIF status and psychiatric conditions as predictors of suicide. Method: Analyses included data for all individuals who received VHA services during fiscal year (FY) 2007 or FY08 and were alive at the start of FY08 (N = 5,772,282). Results: For this cohort, there were 1,920 suicide deaths in FY08, including 96 among OEF/OIF veterans. Controlling for demographic factors, psychiatric conditions, OEF/OIF status, and the interaction between psychiatric conditions and OEF/OIF status, no main effects of OEF/OIF status were observed. However, a significant interaction was found between psychiatric conditions and OEF/OIF status. Specifically, having a diagnosed mental health condition was associated with a greater risk of suicide among OEF/OIF veterans (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.57, 7.55; p less than 0.01) than among non-OEF/OIF veterans (HR = 2.48; 95% CI [2.27, 2.71]; p less than 0.01). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of mental health screening and intervention for OEF/OIF veterans. (Contains 4 tables and 1 figure.)

Why do some social movement leaders work harder than others? And, how does gender affect the patterns we uncover? Utilizing historical case study evidence of local chapters in the emerging movement opposing drinking and driving we are able to develop and test theoretical expectations about predictors of weekly effort among MADD and RID leaders. Taken together, our model explains 45 percent of the variation in leadership effort. We find bureaucratic complexity and victim support activities are more powerful predictors of effort than are individual leader characteristics, although all are important. Further analysis reveals that gender almost wholly conditions the strong effect of bureaucratic complexity on leadership effort so that increasingly complex chapter structures are associated with substantial increases in work hours for women but not men.

There is a need for further research to understand the potential uses of asynchronous electronic discussions in higher education courses. Electronic discussion boards were conducted with two different graduate speech-language pathology student cohorts to supplement in-class instruction regarding assistive technology. One year's discussions were done as a single large group while the second year's were done in multiple-small groups. These discussion boards were analyzed for emerging themes. Students' opinions of the discussion board, along with their suggestions for improvement, were also requested and analyzed. Results indicated that the discussion boards were a successful tool in maximizing the potential for knowledge acquisition outside the classroom and that several enhancements could be added to improve the overall experience. In particular, instructor involvement was more easily incorporated into large groups and small groups had fewer students reporting about redundancy of posts. Practical applications and future research directions are discussed.

The history of the involvement of the European Union in the development of policy related to career guidance is analysed in terms of three broad periods. In the first two of these, interventions were confined to pilot projects, exchanges and placements, study visits and studies/surveys, with particular attention to young people; whereas the period since 2000 has seen greater attention being paid to lifelong activities that support the implementation of EU policy priorities and their mainstreaming at national level. These trends reflect both the EU's "creeping competence" and the emerging concept of "lifelong guidance."

This study builds on political mediation and movement infrastructure models to highlight contingent and synergistic ways in which social movements may impinge upon the U.S. national policy-making process. Analyses employ a variety of datasets to examine the role of environmental movement organizational capacity, protest and institutional activity in garnering Congressional attention to, and action on, salient issues from 1961 through 1990. We find all types of movement activity, but especially the development of national organizational infrastructures, to be positively associated with the convening of Congressional hearings on the environment. Only when there are high levels of "both" protest and institutional activity is there any evidence that the environmental movement directly influences the passage of environmental laws. (Contains 3 tables and 11 notes.)

This contribution responds to the previous three articles by highlighting common concerns across the Americas. It also offers suggestions for how the field of German might want to move forward in an inclusive fashion. Key principles of orientation are EU language policy and transcultural education as a transformative experience in shaping productive citizens.

The relevance of family income for religious participation in the United States has been largely ignored in recent decades. Addressing this neglect, we focus our attention primarily upon white Catholics, the poorer of whom we reason have fewer options to participate in the context of an increasingly middle-class Church. Analyzing the 1972-2006 cumulative General Social Survey data, we show that net of all other factors low-income white Catholics attend church less often than other white Catholics, although social integration mechanisms significantly moderate the effects of income. Additional analyses suggest that the effects of income on church attendance are greatest for the younger white Catholic cohort. In contrast, the role of income in Latino Catholics' attendance is relatively weak. In our conclusion, we attempt to integrate our most puzzling finding--having children in the home does not increase the church attendance of low-income white Catholics--with our main theoretical line of argument concerning the central role of social integration in understanding the impact of income on religious participation. (Contains 17 notes, 4 tables, and 5 figures.)

Documenting how music therapy can be integrated with speech-language therapy services for children with communication delay is not evident in the literature. In this article, a collaborative model with procedures, experiences, and communication outcomes of integrating music therapy with the existing speech-language services is given. Using established principles of team planning, the co-treatment model is described in a case study, a 4-year-old child diagnosed with global developmental delay. Results indicated increased engagement in the classroom after integrating music therapy and speech-language therapy treatment strategies.

Despite the perception that counseling can be helpful to counselor trainees for both personal and professional reasons, few empirical studies have been conducted on their help-seeking attitudes and behaviors. This article discusses possible barriers to trainees' use of counseling and offers counselor educators recommendations for promoting the use of counseling services.

The importance of parent-teacher communication has been widely recognized; however, there is only limited research on teaching effective listening skills to education professionals. In this study, a pretest-posttest control group design was used to examine the effect of instruction on the active listening skills of preservice education professionals. Instruction resulted in statistically significant improvement for targeted active listening skills. As a measure of social validity, parents of preschool and school-age children viewed pre- and post-instruction videotapes of preservice education professionals in role-play conversations. The parents judged the post-instruction performances of the preservice education professionals to be better examples of effective communication than the preinstruction performances of the preservice education professionals. (Contains 2 tables and 1 note.)

Art is an activity that has historically invited self-reflection, self-immersion, and self-exploration--for example, in self-portraits, exhibitions, experimentation with media--and that as such may open a window onto the relationship between self and activity. In this article, we describe two cases studies involving observation of and interviews with two artists to explore what it feels like to invest oneself in an activity emotionally, cognitively, sensuously, and reciprocally to "make oneself" through this activity. These case studies highlight the importance of authenticity in both the activity of making art and the making of self through making art. The implications for agency, emotion, and ethical activity are analysed and some of the implications for a sociocultural approach to activity discussed.

Various course and program formats have been developed to better meet the needs of graduate students. One of them is the development of weekend-only courses and programs. This article examines one weekend counsellor education format in the United States, the St. Bonaventure University program offered in the Buffalo (New York) area, in detail. This program is offered approximately 60 miles from its main campus, and 10 cohorts have graduated since its inception in 1995. Advantages of the program include closer learner-instructor relationships as well as the community spirit that is created through lengthier class times. Covering and learning course material in shorter time spans are important challenges. Suggestions for implementation of a weekend program are included.

The present paper focuses on the application of a structured template, maximum impact flow (MIF), in order to encourage young students in the area of optics and optical engineering. MIF introduces a template in terms of individual steps and linked functionality and is shown to fuse separate learning tools together into a cohesive unit. Prioritization and teaching structures are also discussed with the promotion of technology identified as a key factor.

Case teaching has the potential to involve students in complex decision settings, enhancing their identification with protagonists facing difficult challenges. This article explores the impact of teaching a printed leadership case study with and without the appearance of the CEO in class--by video or in person. Our investigation shows, via qualitative and quantitative means, that the leader's presence, even through video, significantly affects student engagement and can substantially enhance impressions of leadership effectiveness. We offer implications for teachers and propose future research directions. (Contains 4 tables.)

Adolescents who have sexually abused may pose a serious problem for both the community and the treatment provider concerning the management of risk and the application of effective intervention strategies. Fundamental to providing good clinical treatment is an assessment that results in an individualized treatment plan specifically tailored to the young person's needs. An integral but often overlooked part of this involves interviewing clients in a way that elicits accurate information and facilitates the development of a therapeutic relationship upon which effective therapy can be undertaken. This article will describe interviewing strategies and highlight the importance of the client-therapist relationship in providing effective therapeutic interventions.

A traditional male gender role reflects an affirmation of masculine identity associated with such qualities as success and self-reliance. This gender role is examined from a diversity perspective in counseling, because it may affect many men's help-seeking attitudes and behaviors. Suggestions from the literature are reviewed from the standpoint of the Multicultural Counseling Competencies (P. Arredondo et al., 1996). The counseling profession would benefit from greater sensitivity in aiding men endorsing this role.

In this article, the authors describe the history of women in higher education in Manitoba. The historical perspective chronicles the path of women from 1825-2000. The momentum established by these women pioneers in their quest for higher education, according to the authors, must be maintained for present female students and women in academia because educational opportunity provides hope for their future. (Contains 14 endnotes.)

Discussion of the role of literature in the college second-language program, and in liberal arts education in general, argues that it is an ethical obligation to teach literary competence, or literary sensitivity, in the language of the author, because the "great books" are those that combine stylistic refinement with deep insight into the human condition. (MSE)

Discusses a conceptual framework outlining what is known about language development and metalinguistics, and considers ways in which this may provide a reference framework to guide the work of the various committees responsible for developing the language curriculum. The example of the curriculum in Ireland is used to explore the practical implementation of this proposal. (Author/JL)