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In order to create and foster learning spaces that build upon children's knowledge and experiences, we must respect and value their ways of knowing and being, including their play. Accordingly, this study highlights the ways that young children (re)imagined spaces, materials, and identities through their digital play in an analog (containing no physical, digital-based toys/materials) preschool classroom. This qualitative study utilized a framework of children's play as murmuration (a transmodal assemblage), to analyze and discuss the children's various digital play engagements. Three main themes were identified within/across these engagements, including the ways the children: (re)imagined the digital, drew from popular digital culture and media to make connections and construct meaning, and composed digital identities. Insights highlight the ways the children set aside perceived rules for materials, objects, spaces, and identities and created space for critically (re)envisioned ideas, concepts, realities, and futures to emerge. We encourage educators to continue to create and foster classroom spaces that value and build upon children's playful ways of knowing, being, and becoming in the digital world.

Teachers hold many beliefs, shaped by their educational knowledge, experiences, and cultural, social, historical, and political environments. These teacher beliefs, together with teacher characteristics and school context factors can influence cognitive processes, expectations, instructional decisions, and practices which could affect learning experiences, student engagement, and achievement. Numerous studies have explored these factors, however, often separately or with only one or two others. This paper explores primary school teachers' self-reported perceptions on the relationships between teacher beliefs (including teacher class level expectations, self-efficacy, motivation, goal orientation, work engagement, passion for teaching, relatedness to students), teacher characteristics (including gender, ethnicity, teacher experience), and school context factors (including decile and year level taught), and the impact of these on student achievement and teachers' instructional practices. Associations were found between teaching self-efficacy and all the other factors explored; work engagement and teachers' years of teaching experience, gender, and school decile; and years of teaching experience and student achievement. Further, relatedness to students, passion for teaching, and teaching self-efficacy was found to be associated with teachers' instructional practices.

The COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to manage it have affected mental health around the world. Although early research on the COVID-19 pandemic showed a general decline in mental health after the pandemic began, mental health in later stages of the pandemic might be improving alongside other changes (e.g., availability of vaccines, return to in-person activities). The present study utilized data from a mental health service intervention for individuals at a southeastern university who were exposed to COVID-19 following the university's return to in-person operations. This study tested whether time period (August-September 2021 vs. January-February 2022) predicted individuals' likelihood of being mild or above in depression and anxiety ratings. Results showed that individuals were more likely to be mild or above in both depression and anxiety ratings during August-September of 2021 than January-February of 2022. Suggestions for future research and implications for professional counselors are discussed.

In this "Perspective on Practice," we describe an application of recommendations made in "Formative Assessment in Secondary ­Mathematics: Moving Theory to Recommendations for Evidence-Based Practice" (Kenney et al., 2022), which was recently published in this journal. The authors made recommendations for mathematics teacher educators about conducting professional development sessions related to formative assessment. After conducting our own workshop for K-5 teachers and considering the recommendations of Kenney and her colleagues, we share our observations about the benefits of a good opening task for jumpstarting a productive session on formative assessment.

This qualitative study foregrounded four teacher educators' perceptions of teaching collaboratively at shared school sites over the span of two years. As we reconvened to reflect on our experiences both individually and collectively, we retrospectively examined the affordances and challenges from this shared experience. Our data collection was guided by Pinar's method of "currere" which involves four "steps or moments that are temporal and reflective." These moments are "the regressive'' as past experiences are revisited; "the progressive" as the future was anticipated; "the analytic" to seek understanding of the past and future together; and finally, "the synthetical" to mobilize for action based upon these understandings. In considering the demands of university/school partnership work, methodologies such as currere, an autobiographical curriculum theory and method to support a context for reflection, is one that is rarely afforded due to the demands of higher education in general, and in field-based teacher education in particular. In analyzing these reflective interviews, we began to make sense of how these relationships shaped our perspectives of the past and led us to understand our present. Findings suggest that collaborative teaching created a third space that transformed our relationships with our teaching partners, enhanced our relationships with our students, and informed curricular revisions.

Various theories from the field of educational psychology, including high expectation theory (HET) and self-determination theory (SDT), focus on the classroom conditions which facilitate students' motivation, learning, and well-being. In the current paper, we aimed to breech the theoretical division between HET and SDT through a synthesis of both theories. We identified multiple areas of convergence and complementarity. The teaching practices that are theorized to support students' motivation, learning, and well-being put forward by both HET and SDT show a high degree of conceptual overlap. Moreover, findings from both research fields suggest a gap between theory and practice: although the teaching principles put forward by both theories are believed to be effective for all students, not all teachers optimally apply these principles in their teaching or apply them equally for all classes or all students. Both theories acknowledge that teacher beliefs and contextual factors may account for this gap between theory and practice. In the paper, we put forward an integrative model to show how the two theories converge and complement each other. The integration of the two theories offers a way forward in terms of understanding and applying these two theoretical stances to the classroom.

This article presents findings from a small-scale qualitative study of student perceptions of a High Achievers' Recognition Scheme in a faculty within a UK university. This scheme is unusual in UK higher education in that it provides tailored support and development for students who have been identified as high-achievers. The findings suggest students valued both the recognition and developmental aspects of the scheme and their perceptions of the benefits aligned with the scheme's aims: enhanced personal and professional development, improved engagement, and raised aspirations. Social and individual factors were perceived to enable high-achievement, whilst some operational factors could hinder engagement with the scheme. The findings are relevant to wider understandings of approaches to support high-achieving students; an area where, currently, there is little published research from the UK. We conclude with reflections on possible ways to build support for high-achieving students through focusing on identity, agency, and community.

This study adopted a systemic perspective to examine the perceived role of academic institutions in responding to Chinese international doctoral students (CIDS) double pandemic experiences. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was utilized to guide the research process. The results showed the interlocking relations regarding how individual academic experiences interacted with the social-political-institutional environment during this time of crisis. The discussions highlight the systemic influences on CIDS' experiences. The theoretical and practical implications were included in order to inform systemic interventions.

The purpose of our study is to explore the nexus between trans students' experiences with pronoun usage and naming practices through campus interactions and navigations of campus. Grounded in a Deleuzian conception of becoming, our analysis explores the multiple and simultaneous ways that pronoun use effects trans student's experiences on campus. As a theoretical orientation, becoming centers the multiplicitous and entangled narratives, experiences, and negotiations of pronoun usage and naming practices with the trans students in our studies, disrupting the dominant culture. Our study's findings contribute to the literature on trans collegians' experiences navigating genderist campus environments, as well as theoretical and methodological considerations for centering trans, nonbinary, and agender student narratives. Specifically, our analysis of student narratives emphasized the ways in which students simultaneously experience isolation and affirmation, the ways in which policies designed to affirm and support trans students could also work to silence them, as well as how students practiced resilience and built relationships within these contexts.

An 11-year-old U.S. fifth grader with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participated in a writing intervention using the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) approach for story writing. The child summarized stories adapted from the Read Works® website using POW (Pick my idea, Organize my notes, and Write and say more) and WWW, What = 2, How = 2 (W = Who are the characters?, W = When does the story happen?, W = Where does the story happen?, What = 2, What happens first?, What happens next?, How = 2, How does the story end? and How do the characters feel?). Based on correct word sequence (CWS) calculations, the participant increased CWS from pre-test to post-test, and the total number of words she wrote also increased. This case study aims to provide speech-language pathologists with a guide for implementing the SRSD approach with their students with ASD and to inform future research.

This study examined preservice teacher coursework and experiences related to student trauma, classroom management, and self-care during a junior-year clinical placement (N = 25), as well as through follow-up interviews with a subgroup of participants one year later (N = 8). An inductive, thematic analysis led to the identification of four broad themes related to teacher-student relationships, field-based learning, adopting a philosophy of control versus flexibility, and the professional practice of self-care. All participants observed the impact of trauma in their classrooms, but only a few witnessed trauma-informed strategies that centered relationships and the humanistic side of teaching. Preservice teachers placed in trauma-informed classrooms felt the most prepared to implement trauma-informed strategies, while most preservice teachers questioned their ability to create a positive and responsive space for students who had experienced trauma. Data were used to create a conceptual model of findings to help guide future work with preservice teachers and clinical experiences.

In this article, we think-with nots, knots, and (k)nots in the interstices of theory, methodology, pedagogy, and art. We define the (k)not as a bringing together of nots--openings toward creativity, mapping, and disruption--and knots--openings toward connection, entanglement, and speculative futures. Playing (k)nots within our own relations, we-three-and-more are entangled in a complex (k)not of teachers "and" students, mentors "and" mentees, friends "and" collaborators, artists "and" scholars, who all share lived experiences in/with qualitative inquiry. Thinking with and creating the (k)not as a type of visual string figuring, we pass art back and forth with one another in this artful and pedagogical experiment. Inspired by Donna Haraway, we are pedagogical kin, string figurers who ask together, "what do these (k)nots produce in pedagogy as well as in methodology? What sort of living-thinking-being are we worlding together?"

This paper examines how histories of racism, slavery, and white supremacy continue to resonate in the present through the creation and curation of an audio compilation of student narratives. Grounded in posthuman theories, the sound compilation of layered student narratives offers a starting point for exploring the relational, embodied, and material web of affects that characterize the nomadic posthuman subject. This article takes up Braidotti's call to question who 'we' are in this together, what it means for 'us' to negotiate the convergence of the present together when we are not one and the same. Through compiling and overlapping student voices, this article works to attend to the patterns and differences in their tellings as ethical and relational starting positions. The tracing of stories and threads of student voices in the audio compilation 'puts to work' posthuman theory and offers possibilities for qualitative research methods grounded in posthuman theories.

This paper explores women's experiences in academia through collective biography from a feminist, transdisciplinary, intersectional frame. Crosscutting disciplines, classifications, and subject positions, we use dialogue to explore the nuances of what it is to be a woman in academia, and the experiences of building and developing community as women. We draw on data from a fall 2020 focus group where we each were part of a course in designing qualitative inquiry, as well as our reflections, memos, and conversations in dialogues that followed. These dialogues are accentuated with footnotes that function as a concurrent playlist of research, art, and music reflecting women's lives and experiences. We use poetic transcription and audio poetry to offer the texture of our experiences, offering both methodological and empirical implications for studying and researching women's experiences in academia.

This article reports on the development and initial feasibility of virtual assessment procedures for a sentence-writing probe for remote instructional purposes with intermediate-grade students. The study included a sample of 15 intermediate-grade children. The sentence-writing probe was administered through video conferencing software, an innovation of the times, across three sessions separated by 2 weeks. Scores derived from sentence probes included total number of words, a sentence accuracy score, and a word accuracy score, which were compared across time points. Results indicated no statistically significant differences across time points for the entire sample for all measures except the total number of words at Time 2. Measures obtained from the sentence-writing probe were significantly correlated with standardized measures of oral language. Findings from this study support the proof of concept that virtual assessment procedures can be used to assess sentence-level writing in intermediate-grade students. Future directions are provided regarding the utility of remote instruction for assessment purposes, the types of scores derived from measures, and future plans to scale up the assessment for use in research studies and as a curriculum-based evaluation tool.

Purpose: Literacy instruction is within the scope of practice of speechlanguage pathologists (SLPs) and is a documented service provided among school-based SLPs. The purpose of this investigation was to replicate Davis and Murza's (2019) study of Virginia school-based SLPs in another geographic location. This study gathered information regarding Midwestern SLPs' knowledge of "disciplinary literacy" and confidence providing services to school-aged children and adolescents with literacy goals and aligning their practice to educational standards. Method: Ninety-nine Midwestern school-based SLPs completed a 26-question online survey. The survey was replicated from Davis and Murza's (2019) investigation with a modification to include additional demographic information about participants. Results: The majority of school-based SLPs in this study were not familiar with the term disciplinary literacy but desired continuing education on the topic. A moderate relationship was found between SLPs' confidence in their ability to implement language therapy that impacts students' literacy achievement in both kindergarten through third grade and fourth through fifth grades, and the percentage of students on caseload with Individualized Education Program goals connected to literacy achievement. Conclusions: When compared to Davis and Murza's (2019) study, there are similarities noted, such as Midwestern SLPs are not completely comfortable or confident with implementing literacy intervention. The differences between these two studies exist in the relationship between experience and confidence in supporting literacy achievement. Additional information about the preprofessional coursework offerings, particularly those focused on adolescents, is of interest for future studies to understand the potential impacts on SLPs' confidence levels.

HEAT, an instructional program emphasizing a nontraditional hands-on approach to algebraic instruction for urban, predominantly African American middle schoolers, provides a space to explore teachers' beliefs about urban students' mathematical abilities and motivation and addresses how teacher perceptions can intersect with instruction, learning, and the construction of students' mathematical identities. Using a multiple case study design, we analyzed six urban middle school mathematics teachers' written reflections and interview responses. Findings suggest that teachers' instructional behaviors, along with their perceptions and expectations of urban, African American middle schoolers' mathematical abilities and motivation, interact with students' beliefs and work habits in ways that can promote and support students' positive mathematical identity construction. Thus, HEAT personified thriving learning subcultures and supportive mathematical communities of practice that are far too atypical in urban middle schools.

In this study we investigated the relationship between urban eighth grade students' Hands-On Exposure to Algebraic Thinking (HEAT) competition performance and their subsequent performance on standardized measures of mathematics achievement (ACT Composite Score, ACT Math Scores, and Louisiana Algebra End of Course Exams). It was found that the pictorial portion of the project was a relatively consistent predictor of participants' high school academic performance. That is, as participants' HEAT pictorial competition scores increased, so did their ACT composite, ACT math scores, and Algebra End of Course Exam Scores. Findings from the HEAT Project may contribute to conversations centered on ways to expose urban students to creative, social, hands-on pedagogy in non-evaluative contexts in order to position students for both immediate and long-term mathematics success without sacrificing intellectual rigor.

This study examines preservice teacher coursework and interview data related to encountering student trauma, secondary trauma, and the role of self-care during clinical placement experiences. A thematic analysis of the data led to the identification of four main themes: the power of student stories, recognition of the many forms of trauma, preservice teacher burnout, and barriers to integrating self-care. Additionally, our analysis revealed the ways in which preservice teachers experienced secondary trauma as a consequence of forming relationships with students and listening to their stories. Some of the effects of this secondary trauma were mitigated by engaging in self-care, but those preservice teachers who felt they failed at supporting their personal wellness experienced burnout. More troubling, only one preservice teacher recognized self-care's connection to trauma-informed teaching. Our findings reveal the importance of infusing content on trauma, secondary trauma, and self-care in teacher education coursework and the need to provide professional development on trauma-informed teaching for clinical placement school sites.

This longitudinal ethnographic study involved a professional development project, Project Partnerships Achieve Literacy (Project PAL) in South Africa, with eight rural foundation phase teachers who taught Reception (kindergarten) through grade three (R-3). This Project was designed to support teachers in an under-resourced school as they learned strategic approaches to literacy teaching and learning with the aim to improve the reading achievement of their children. Located in aesthetics theory, researchers engaged teachers in aesthetic experiences, or experiences that were infused with the arts (art, drama, video, music, reader's theater), children's literature, and technology. Research questions were as follows: What can be learned from an aesthetic approach to professional development? What does engagement look like in aesthetic experiences in professional development? Do aesthetic experiences resonate with teachers and inform their instruction? Three findings emerged from an constant comparative analysis of classroom observations, interviews, teacher artifacts, researcher debriefs, video and audio recordings: 1) Feelings and the arts were significant in what and how teachers learned in professional development workshops; 2) Aesthetic experiences led to critical and democratic talk around professional development and issues of social importance; and 3) Aesthetic experiences informed teachers' in and out of classroom practice. Findings from this study suggest that professional development holds significant promise when it is sustained, imaginative, and relatable, and positions teachers to think differently about themselves as learners and teachers through aesthetic experiences. We suggest that drawing only from cognitive approaches and one-shot single-session professional development does not deeply address the qualities, feelings, emotions, and embodied responses that comprise the aesthetic experience in professional development, and argue for a deeper understanding of professional development, one in which aesthetic learning and experiences are central to teacher learning.

Chavrusa is a long-term, dyadic study partnership traditionally used in the context of Talmudic study. Chavrusa study includes pairs reading, discussing, and exploring texts together (Liebersohn, 2006). A guiding principle of chavrusa learning is that students interact with each other as both teachers and learners. While long a pedagogical model used in Jewish institutions of learning (Kent et al., 2012), chavrusa has recently made strides in other areas, such as medical education (e.g., Chung & Lee, 2019) and undergraduate coursework (e.g., Bergom et al., 2011). One application of chavrusa learning is MathChavrusa, a learning model where students are paired and work with a partner for the full duration of a math content course (Flint, 2019). Differing from typical classroom groupwork where students collaborate only for the lifespan of a particular assignment, the student pairings in MathChavrusa last for the duration of the course. As with Chavrusa, text analysis is still central, but MathChavrusa expands texts beyond just a course textbook to include additional course materials like short articles, classwork, and problem sets. In this article, the authors present how MathChavrusa is being implemented in graduate mathematics classrooms through the perspectives of the three authors: one facilitating instructor and two participating students. They discuss MathChavrusa's impact on learning mathematics and the effect COVID-19 remote and hybrid learning had on this learning model. The format of this discussion consists of two overarching questions with written responses from all three participant authors.

The burgeoning work of translanguaging and bilingualism has much to offer adolescent learning spaces in order to provide bi/multilingual students more equitable opportunities to engage in disciplinary literacy at the high school level, particularly where there are many low-incidence languages. Drawing from critical theories in both literacy and language research, we conducted this three-year study in two U.S. high schools (grades 9-12) in order to promote language equity and literacy engagement for emergent bilinguals and heritage speakers. We provided an intensive year of graduate courses on language, literacy, and equity for 27 teachers from various disciplines and school roles. Through analyzing their coursework, observations of their classes, and follow-up surveys, we documented how their heteroglossic language ideologies were nurtured, how they enacted translingual disciplinary literacies, and what benefits they perceived from this instructional approach. The findings illustrate how schools might overcome previously unquestioned monoglossic standards and linguistically oppressive systems through a whole-school translingual disciplinary literacies approach. Providing nuanced descriptions of how teachers engaged in translingual disciplinary literacy in various disciplines, we make a case for constructivist disciplinary literacy teacher education grounded in heteroglossic ideologies. We also draw connections from language equity to literacy engagement, suggesting that a translingual disciplinary literacies approach is a necessary instructional innovation to effect change in high school learning spaces for bi/multilingual learners. Finally, as our field pursues language equity and literacy engagement, like the teachers in this study, we must also critically evaluate our own ideologies toward literacy and language.

This initial study used an equivalent-groups design to evaluate differences in story comprehension scores between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their neurotypical (NT) peers using paper and iPad® storybooks. Fifteen children with ASD of ages 4-6 and 15 NT peers matched for receptive vocabulary age and gender met inclusion criteria. Across two individualized testing sessions, participants answered language abstraction questions about three formats of Pete the Cat stories (paper, iPad adult read, and iPad with the read-to-me feature activated) during shared storybook reading. When examining the entire group of participants, all children performed better with either type of iPad storybook compared to the paper book. The current study indicates storybooks on the iPad function in similar ways for NT children and children with ASD. Further, this research shows promise for using the iPad with young children during shared storybook reading. Directions for future research and implications for special education personnel are provided.

At Lockyer District High School, the inquiry-based learning undertaken by the STEM Signature Program is complementary to the general capabilities, particularly: critical and creative thinking; information and communication technology; and personal and social capability. In this STEM program, numerous different digital technologies were used to create a curriculum to teach digital technologies, inquiry learning and 21st century skills. The authors were early adopters of Kitsunei and have been happy with this digital technology as a platform to enable them to teach STEM. Kitsunei, or Kitsi blocks, are a STEM and Maker platform consisting of electronic modules that can be joined together in numerous ways to achieve outcomes from the very simple to the complex (Kitsunei.com, accessed 2021). This next generation will be familiar with multiple different technologies and an understanding of the fundamentals of coding and programming. They will possess certain personal characteristics such as resilience, problem-solving skills, thinking outside of the box, and communication. The utilisation of the Kitsunei digital technology provides one way of teaching all of these skills in the classroom to hopefully best prepare the students for the jobs of the future.

Purpose: The readability and comprehensibility of Learner's Permit Knowledge Test practice questions and the relationship with test failure rates across states and the District of Columbia were examined. Method: Failure rates were obtained from department representatives. Practice test questions were extracted from drivers' manuals and department websites and examined for readability using Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and comprehensibility using Question Understanding Aid. The influence of readability and comprehensibility on test failure rates was explored. Results: The average failure rate from reporting jurisdictions was 42.76%. In total, 11 out of 28 jurisdictions reported that test takers fail more than half the time, while 25 out of 28 reported that test takers fail at least a quarter of the time. While 33.09% of the variability in failure rates could be accounted for by syntactic complexity of the questions, 54.18% could be accounted for by the reading ease. Discussion: With few exceptions, test failure rates are systematically high across the United States. The current findings suggest that these tests may be inappropriately biased against individuals with lower levels of literacy and language ability. Implications for test developers and clinicians are discussed.

Background: Although mindfulness and yoga interventions for youth continue to gain support, few studies have proposed a systematic way to study the implementation and fidelity of these approaches. Objective: The current study developed and tested the feasibility of measurement procedures for a yoga and mindfulness curriculum implemented in schools through a community partnership. This was accomplished in two studies. Method: In study 1 we created and analyzed the psychometric properties of a fidelity observation tool using data from 165 observations of students receiving a district-wide school yoga and mindfulness intervention. The findings were subsequently refined and implemented to collect 91 additional observations in study 2. Results: In study 1, a principle components analysis revealed a 3-factor solution across items, with 10 of 17 items reliably rated but only 4 of those 10 items rated as satisfactory or better fidelity. The fidelity observation tool was then revised and implemented in study 2, with 13 of 17 items reliably rated and 5 meeting satisfactory or better fidelity. Conclusions: The findings from both studies indicated that yoga and mindfulness interventions for youth can be feasibly implemented and reliably measured within school settings, although there were some limitations in measuring both the content and process of such interventions.

Purpose: Young children often enter formal schooling with a range of digital experiences, including using apps on tablets and engaging with interactive educational toys. The convergence and increased accessibility of digital resources has made it more convenient for young children to navigate multiple modes (e.g. words, images, sound and movement) as they construct meaning across many different texts. The purpose of the study is to examine affordances and choices when students compose multimodal texts. Design/methodology/approach: Three lines of inquiry support this study: the social construction of writing practices, multiliteracies and multimodality and intertextuality. Data analysis used an iterative twotiered process of reading, rereading and coding students' multimodal compositions and supplemental field notes (Creswell, 1998; Strauss and Corbin, 1998). Findings: Analysis of the 23 multimodal compositions revealed three significant findings related to choice and affordances of multimodal texts: the popularity of Minecraft as a topic choice based on the social interactions of students; semiotic concurrence and semiotic complementarity and sophisticated use of literary techniques (e.g. nonlinear structures, shifting point of view, asides and emojis) across the multimodal stories, particularly those that carried Minecraft themes. Originality/value: Students' intentionality with the modes in their compositions suggested they were fully aware of the "complexity, interrelatedness and interdependence between image [animation and sound] and language"(Shanahan, 2013, p. 213).

Purpose: Transcription is an integral component to qualitative research, and as such, the ways that researchers discuss transcription in the literature matter. Scholarly discussions on the "how" and "why" of transcription not only shape discourse within interview data-based fields; they inform the ways that researchers understand the roles and ramifications of transcribing. This study aims to provide a comprehensive literature review of articles on transcription published in qualitative methods journals over the past 25 years, offering implications for research practice and pedagogy. Design/methodology/approach: The literature review asked: How do qualitative researchers discuss transcription/transcribing? The authors first reviewed how transcription was discussed in the literature in qualitative studies in the social sciences broadly. Based on the findings, the authors then conducted a comprehensive literature review in 14 qualitative methods journals. Findings: The authors found that overall, authors discussed transcription either as a technical tool or as a complex, researcher-constructed process. Specifically, utilitarian discussions of transcription emphasized transcription accuracy and efficiency, while theoretical discussions of transcription emphasized a continuously analytic and researcher-constructed process. Originality/value: This study offers a comprehensive overview of the past 25 years of articles published on transcription. The authors conclude with a discussion of articles that bridge the theoretical and utilitarian discussions, as well as considerations for using transcription as a pedagogical tool for teaching qualitative research methods.

What do we, as women, give up? What does it mean to give up as a woman in academia? We explored this question through a study with women doctoral students to reframe giving up as a purposeful, willful act. Sara Ahmed describes willfulness in relation to women who are perceived as resisting norms, shifting away from normative expectations, refusing what is expected. In this work, we push against the prevailing discourses of women in academia as passively encountering problems, facing issues, and making sacrifices. We explore what it means to give up through three women's archives and objects of willfulness. Willfulness becomes a generative, sweaty concept through which we interrogate and understand practices of giving up by women doctoral students.

In higher education, the place of the college campus, as a site of experiences, histories, symbols, and encounters, has important implications for student outcomes. However, the place of campus is often treated as a static or neutral site -- a black box within which student outcomes such as belongingness occur. This article argues that excavating the encounters and memories around campus monuments can serve as an entry point for unfolding how systems of colonization and white supremacy persist in higher education, offering a critical re-imagining of the concept of belongingness. Guided by McKittrick and Massey's feminist decolonial spatial theories and Barad's conceptualization of memory and re-membering, the article excavates two campus monuments: a boulder commemorating confederate soldiers and a clocktower honoring the legacy of the first Black students at the University. These monuments are memory objects, memorializing particular moments in time on campus, and thus becoming part of the current reproductions of place. Through tracing the memories of campus monuments into the entanglements of the present climate of higher education, this article offers implications and considerations for institutions grappling with their history and responsibility to the past.

In this work, we explore first-year students' experiences of belonging through the theoretical and methodological lens of nomadism. Specifically, we problematize conceptions of belonging subjects and spaces as bounded and static, instead taking up belongingness as a dynamic process that enfolds complex experiences and spaces. Using feminist poststructuralism, we move toward an understanding of belonging that disrupts stasis and fixity, conceptualizing belonging as requiring continual negotiation. Our analysis produces a cartography across participants, a narrative mapping of the connections, relations, and flows of belonging that parallel and disrupt static understandings of what it means to belong in higher education. This work suggests new methodological and theoretical possibilities for considering and understanding narratives of belonging in the nebulous, multiplicitous, and shifting places and spaces of higher education institutions.

Anti-immigrant vitriol is growing, even disturbing our educational spaces. Teachers are also affected by the negative discourses around them and need to develop knowledge that shapes their attitudes and actions regarding immigrant youth. This article details a professional development with high school teachers that used reader response to develop critical consciousness, the ability to name, and then act on tensions and unjust practices. Specifically, the purpose was to develop knowledge that might affect teachers' attitudes and actions toward (im)migrant students in their classrooms and schools. The teacher educators engaged in a semester-long reader response initiative that consisted of reading and responding to a series of both informational and narrative texts about the (im)migrant and refugee experience. The high school teachers illustrated various levels of growth from gaining knowledge to engaging in action to better serve students at their schools, suggesting this reader-response model may be used to develop aspects of critical consciousness about other social justice issues in our society that affect teachers and the manner in which they engage with diverse students.

This article describes the impact of asset-based pedagogies in elementary classrooms. Working with concepts such as culturally relevant/sustaining pedagogies, funds of knowledge, and Afro-centric praxis, it is possible to disrupt commonplace and pervasive assumptions about urban and diverse classroom spaces. Drawing from Grade 1 and Grade 4 classrooms, the article highlights a number of engagements that exemplify King and Swartz's culturally informed principles of "locating students," "multiple ways of knowing" and "communal responsibility." As a result, teachers and teacher candidates affirm the importance of culturally sustaining and asset-based pedagogies in teacher education and in classrooms to promote well-being, agency and belonging.

This article explores the landscape of artful research in higher education through a critical qualitative content analysis of articles published in 41 higher education journals between 2000 and 2020. An analysis of 218 articles published over a 20-year period found (a) a steady increase in artful approaches to inquiry over time, across all tiers of journals; (b) an emphasis on participant generated forms of art; (c) an overwhelming use of visual methods, and particularly photography; and (d) the use of artful methods primarily in data collection. An implication of this analysis is that artful methods are not "new" or "fringe"--they are being published across the field of higher education journals at increasing rates. Thus, through mapping the landscape of artful approaches to inquiry, this article makes visible and legitimizes the wide variety of artful methods of data generation, analysis, and representation used in higher education research. Through doing so, this article also intervenes in the saturation of neoliberal research practices in higher education, offering a critical discussion about "what counts" as research in higher education.

This article reflects on a conceptual model for mapping the work that fits under the broad heading of students as partners in learning and teaching in higher education (Healey, Flint, & Harrington, 2014). We examine the nature and purpose of the model with reference to specific examples, and reflect on the potential and actual uses of the model in the development of practice and policy, focussing particularly on students as co-inquirers in SoTL. The article also provides a framework for the other articles in a special section of "Teaching & Learning Inquiry" on students as co-inquirers. [This article contains a student response by Lianne van Dam.]

This qualitative, 8-month study analyzed first-grade children's playful responses to literature in the classroom context. The broad purpose of this research was to investigate the ways that children construct meaning as they respond to literature through play as a form of reader response. The findings presented in this paper highlight the ways the children interpreted and reflected upon body image and ideals of beauty and the ways in which they enacted/performed gender and gender roles as they responded to literature through play. These findings suggest that, as critical readers of texts, children demonstrate great depth in their explorations and analyses of gender and beauty through their responsive play, that the potential for play as a form of reader response is immense, and that the intersection of responsive play and young children's critical literacies requires further investigation, in and out of the classroom setting.

Teacher expectation models have theorized that expectations are likely to affect student socio-psychological as well as academic outcomes. Effects on socio-psychological outcomes, however, have been less frequently studied. Further, ways in which teacher class-level over- or underestimation of students can contribute to relations with student beliefs have been seldom investigated. In a longitudinal study, relations between student reading achievement and student beliefs were explored, as were these relations for students with high and low expectation teachers. The participants were 31 teachers whose class-level expectations were more than 0.5 SD above or below their 692 students' beginning year achievement. Structural equation modeling showed that reading achievement and class-level teacher expectations predicted student self-reported teacher support and academic competence but not student reading self-concept, even though there were no differences in student reading achievement or beliefs at the beginning of the year. By end-of-year, students of high expectation teachers achieved at higher levels and held more positive beliefs than their underestimated counterparts. When multiple student beliefs were explored in one model, many of the paths between teacher class-level expectations, achievement, and student beliefs were indirect rather than direct. This implies a need for researchers to consider a range of student beliefs and relations with academic outcomes rather than a narrow focus on one belief construct as is common in the literature. The study also has practical implications in showing positive benefits for students when teachers have high class-level expectations.

This eight-month study, conducted in a first-grade classroom in the southwestern United States, analyzed young children's playful responses to literature. It focuses on framing a theory that underpins play as a form of reader response, which I term 'responsive play'. It further aims to answer the overarching research question and the sub-question: What are the affordances of play for responding to text in a first-grade classroom? What are the sociocultural resources that children use to respond to and make meaning with text? Findings suggest that the children in this study created a space for learning and understanding, through their responsive play, that allowed them to think through, demonstrate, and share their experiential knowledge, their funds of knowledge, and their intertextual knowledge -- as sociocultural resources -- and to connect these to their literacy learning as they cooperatively transacted with and responded to various books. These findings suggest that children's play, language, and literacy are complementary, that children's responsive play should be encouraged in the classroom setting, and that children's experiences and funds of knowledge should be valued as additive to the academic learning context. Implications of this study include that responsive play can be viewed as a generative source of academic learning and that the notion of reader response, in research and practice, can be reconceived to include responsive play.

Objective: To explore parents' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs, e.g. soft drinks, juice drinks, sports drinks) and other beverages provided by parents at youth sports events. Design: Qualitative analysis of focus group discussions. Setting: Ada County, Idaho, USA. Method: A total of 3 focus groups were conducted with 24 parents of 6- to 11-year-old children participating in one community recreational soccer league. Parents were asked how they selected beverages for their children at soccer practices and games, and shared ideas for improving healthy beverage consumption in this setting. Two coders performed an inductive content analysis of the focus group transcripts, and an external reviewer established the trustworthiness of the data. Results: Parents expressed uncertainty about which beverages other than water were best for children's health and performance. Beverage choices were affected by factors such as cost, convenience, the weather, the level of competition and children's ages. Parents also noted the influence of coaches, other parents, their children's preferences, their beverage habits at home and the media. Parents desired evidence-based guidance on optimal beverages for youth athletes and recommended specific interventions to reduce consumption of SSBs in the context of youth sport events. Conclusion: Results indicate the need for developmentally appropriate expert recommendations for healthy beverage consumption in recreational youth sport, and reinforce findings from existing research which suggest that parents desire support to ensure healthy beverages are offered at youth sports events.

Classroom libraries are an important component of elementary classrooms. These collections support readers' literate identities, their motivation to read, and their access to texts that reflect a world outside of the classroom. Yet, many classrooms lack texts that mirror the racial, cultural, and linguistic diversity of students and their lived experiences. The authors--three elementary teachers (grades 1-3) and three teacher educators--inventoried the hundreds of books in the teachers' classrooms. The team discovered that the libraries lacked diversity across intersectional representations. Teacher-purchased books created the diversity that was present in each library, a lack of Black boy representation in transitional chapter books was evident, and the physical space of the libraries was problematic for young readers. The authors provide a strategy for classroom teachers to assess the contents of their own classroom libraries.

Background: Fall prevention education can increase knowledge of fall risks and promote behavior changes to help reduce the incidence of falls among older adults. Fall Prevention Bingo (FPB) was created as an engaging tool to deliver fall prevention education to older adults. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of FPB on older adults' knowledge of fall risks, their readiness to make health behavior changes, and their attitudes toward reducing personal risks for falls. Methods: A total of 110 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 72.0 ± 10.2 years) participated in the study across 11 senior or community centers in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Results: Knowledge of fall risk behaviors increased after playing FPB (p =0.007). A ceiling effect occurred when measuring readiness to change. Participants reported that FPB was informative and interactive. Discussion: FPB is a fun and engaging educational tool that can be used to improve knowledge of fall risks among older adults. A ceiling effect obtained from the Stages of Change Score indicated that most participants had already made behavior changes to reduce risks for falls. Translation to Health Education Practice: FPB can be an effective method to deliver fall prevention education in community settings.

Across the globe, governments of different countries have recognized the importance and value of digital technologies in language learning. This article is based on the pilot project of Save the Children using information and communication technology (ICT) in education. Through this initiative, interactive multimedia software based on national curriculum of English Class 4 were developed and tested in selected government primary schools. The pre-intervention survey indicated that the teachers do not have the language competence to confidently facilitate English classes using the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach. The results of the project showed that the use of audio-visual content has strong potential for enhancing and promoting interactive language classes. However, the success of the program depends on how the technology is designed and implemented and how the teachers are trained to use it.

Twenty-first century literacy practices demand that children are actively engaged with technology as they participate in a wide variety of literacy activities. Technology-enriched environments, such as using blogs to further discussions on socially significant issues, create opportunities for broader, authentic audiences for students' thinking, encourages student ownership of texts, and promotes critical analysis (Boyd, 2013; McGrail & Davis, 2011). Blogs encourage students to share initial ideas, challenge others' thinking, and offer revised insights in public forums. The purpose of this article is to highlight how students in a third grade classroom navigated a blog site to foster a critical inquiry stance, offer alternative perspectives on salient topics, and display group solidarity as they worked to make sense of issues related to immigration and deportation.

iPad® and paper versions of a receptive vocabulary assessment were administered to 4- to 6-year olds with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). No differences were found between scores on the two assessments. Standardized testing for children with ASD can be challenging; however, testing using the iPad® may offer a different avenue as it provides visual input that appears to be motivating. Findings suggest iPad® assessments offer an efficient format for itinerant speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and SLPs providing telepractice when creating individualized evaluation plans.

Adolescents who are newcomers in a country and beginning to acquire English as an additional language are often in secondary classrooms with teachers who do not speak their languages. Due to these communication obstacles, there is a great need for teachers to build relationships with their students while setting optimal conditions for literacy development across languages (e.g., English and Spanish) and domains (e.g., oral, written, and digital communication). Guided by tenets of culturally and linguistically responsive pedagogy, the authors describe how two self-identifying monolingual English-speaking teachers formed relationships with high school newcomers during a summer literacy institute. The authors highlight three specific literacy activities that facilitated students' oral, written, and digital literacy skills in both English and Spanish while also creating a space for caring relationships to form between students and teachers.