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The ability to associate different types of number representations referring to the same quantity (symbolic Arabic numerals, signed/spoken number words, and nonsymbolic quantities), is an important predictor of overall mathematical success. This foundational skill--mapping--has not been examined in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. To address this gap, we studied 188 4 1/2 to 9-year-old DHH and hearing children and systematically examined the relationship between their language experiences and mapping skills. We asked whether the timing of children's language exposure (early vs. later), the modality of their language (signed vs. spoken), and their rote counting abilities related to mapping performance. We found that language modality did not significantly relate to mapping performance, but timing of language exposure and counting skills did. These findings suggest that early access to language, whether spoken or signed, supports the development of age-typical mapping skills and that knowledge of number words is critical for this development.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to investigate how egotism was experienced in the lives of 15 musicians and music professionals. Participants representing a broad range of musical backgrounds shared accounts spanning teacher-student, conductor-performer, peer-peer, colleague-colleague, and internalized relations with arrogance. Data collection included one-on-one interviews, collaborative phenomenological texts, and hermeneutic reflections. Through the process of epoché, phenomenological reduction, and imaginative variation, four themes materialized: (a) self-preservation, (b) other-relegation, (c) elitism, and (d) interpersonal harms. The essence of the phenomenon surfaced as the social negotiation of power. Participants identified egotism as stemming from one's efforts to (re)gain or preserve power as they worked to strip power away from others. Given pervasive feelings of powerlessness, worthlessness, and trauma among participants, I argue that a sense of urgency in addressing egotism within music scholarship is necessary--particularly in the interest of supporting humane and ethical musical relationships.

Self-regulated learners strategically manage physical, technological, online, and social resources for learning--by selecting resources that could be useful, reflecting on how useful these resources have been, and adjusting resource use accordingly. We propose a model that conceptualizes resource management as learners' intentional, self-reflective decisions to explore new resources, exploit (continue to use) previously useful resources, and prune (stop using) previously ineffective resources. We modeled 4,766 students' reported exploration, exploitation, and pruning between three class exams among four cohorts of an organic chemistry class (i.e., more than 100,000 discrete data points of resource use). Each of these behavioral mechanisms of resource management predicted students' academic achievement: The more students reported exploring, exploiting, and pruning between their exams, the higher they performed on their subsequent exams, controlling for prior performance. These findings enrich self-regulated learning theories by concretizing the behavioral mechanisms of resource management by which learners take control of their learning.

As teacher educators who need to support the next generation of practitioners with technology and practice in the post-COVID teaching landscape, we draw on PICRAT (Kimmons, Graham, and West 2020) to guide our instructional work. This paper primarily addresses the ways that PICRAT has moved beyond TPACK and SAMR, two foundational theories for integrating technology in the classroom, as a more robust avenue for technology integration in online and blended spaces. We believe twenty first Century Learning, which focuses on communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity (Elkordy and Keneman 2022), can be supported through the use of digital graphic organizers. PICRAT can help educators create digital graphic organizers that require students to be interactive and creative, where the effect on learning is amplified or transformed.

Research has shown a link between the acquisition of numerical concepts and language, but exactly how linguistic input matters for numerical development remains unclear. Here, we examine both symbolic (number word knowledge) and non-symbolic (numerical discrimination) numerical abilities in a population in which access to language is limited early in development--oral deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) preschoolers born to hearing parents who do not know a sign language. The oral DHH children demonstrated lower numerical discrimination skills, verbal number knowledge, conceptual understanding of the word "more", and vocabulary relative to their hearing peers. Importantly, however, analyses revealed that group differences in the numerical tasks, but not vocabulary, disappeared when differences in the amount of time children had had auditory access to spoken language input via hearing technology were taken into account. Results offer insights regarding the role language plays in emerging number concepts.

This article examines the results of a study comparing writing centers' mission statements with their statements about changes due to COVID-19. Of the 100 center websites examined, 28 had both mission and COVID statements. Our study unpacks trends found across those 28 websites. Using a content analysis approach, we coded content on these websites for writing pedagogy, political identities, and strategies for addressing COVID. The results suggest that while process pedagogy is the dominant ideology invoked in mission statements, equity in the writing center is a growing concern. The results also suggest that when various centers addressed community safety when discussing COVID, they missed an opportunity to link concerns for community safety with diversity, equity, and access. The results open spaces for discussions about how centers can best convey their ideologies to students via websites and help students feel seen, heard, and understood.

Mind-mindedness (MM) refers to caregivers' proclivity to treat a child as having an active and autonomous mental life. It has been shown to be a powerful predictor of many developmental outcomes and to mitigate the impact of risk conditions. However, longitudinal studies on MM reporting changes over time and individual differences among mothers have been scant and quite inconclusive, mainly due to the investigation of changes between only two time points. The current study analyzes MM's developmental trajectories across four time points (3, 6, 9, and 12 months of infants' age) along with the moderating effects of four variables (maternal sensitivity, age, education, and family income). The sample included healthy mother-infant dyads (N = 93, 46 female infants), belonging to monolingual Italian predominantly middle-class families, with 15% (n = 14) classified as low income (below the relative poverty threshold). The dyads were videotaped during semistructured play interactions and transcripts were coded for appropriate mind-related comments (AMRCs) and nonattuned mind-related comments (NAMRCs). Mothers' AMRCs, compared to NAMRCs, showed more temporal stability. Both AMRCs and NAMRCs showed a linear decrease with individual differences across dyads decreasing over time, and dyads becoming increasingly similar one with the other. Low income moderated the normative trend of appropriate mind-related comments. These findings suggest that MM, while depending largely on an individual trait at earlier ages, when infants' mental states are less intelligible, adapts to the increase of infants' sociocommunicative repertoire over time. They also highlight the importance of ecological constraints on the quality of caregiving.

The SPARK cohort was established to facilitate recruitment in studies of large numbers of participants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Online registration requires participants to have received a lifetime professional diagnosis by health or school providers although diagnoses are not independently verified. This study was set to examine the validity of self- and caregiver-reported autism diagnoses. Electronic medical records (EMR) of 254 SPARK participants (77.6% male, age 10.7 years) were abstracted. Using two different methods, confirmation of ASD diagnosis in EMRs was obtained in 98.8% of cases. Core clinical features recorded in EMRs were typical of autism samples and showed very good agreement with SPARK cohort data, providing further evidence of the validity of clinical information in the SPARK database.

Humility is an important social virtue for musicians as they expose their own egos in the pursuit of artistic self-expression. Research findings have confirmed that humility is an important virtue of strength that lends itself meaningfully to prosocial and ethical interactions among musicians and music educators. In this article, I synthesize research on various forms of humility that emerge from unique social situations in which musicians and music educators might find themselves. In actively seeking to develop their own humility, musicians may relinquish their egotistic self-interest in favor of more meaningful and productive music experiences to be shared by all.

Cultural humility has gained traction as a potentially transformative construct in social justice work, compelling practitioners to engage in a lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique to recognize the limitations of their knowledge, practice openness toward others, and actively work to mitigate systemic inequities. In this paper, we draw theoretical interpretations from an empirical study of cultural humility as negotiated and developed through dialogues within a preservice music education course. By considering cultural humility through an iterative analysis of both empirical findings and theoretical perspectives, we propose that cultural humility comprises a fluid interrelation of "intrapersonal," "interpersonal," and "transformative" dimensions. We further articulate the significant internal struggles and challenges that emerged from this work as students navigated the various complications and contradictions that materialized through the process. [Note: Page range as provided by the publisher.]

Objective: International agencies report the importance of health promotion in planning educational strategies and school management in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to identify the benefits of using a Health Promoting School (HPS) approach to guide educational and school policy during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, the main objectives and practices to be implemented, and the challenges likely to be faced. Design: A three-phase qualitative and participatory approach--(1) identification of study objectives and relevant data, (2) data collection through an online form using open-ended questions (14 participants), and (3) online meetings to analyse the findings and reach consensus (17 participants). Setting: Educational leaders from the HPS Network in the Lombardy region in northern Italy participated in the study. Method: Qualitative content analysis was undertaken. Answers were coded into meaningful units and then grouped under higher-order headings. Codes, subcategories, categories and themes were identified. Results: Results suggested high potentiality, significance and sustainability of the HPS model during the pandemic. Objectives and actions relevant to each HPS component were identified. Adaptations to content and methodology, timing, continuity and inequalities requiring specific forms of intervention were identified. Conclusion: This study sought to develop an HPS model relevant to implementation during the COVID-19 epidemic and identified specific lines of action during this challenging period. [The Lombardian HPS Coordinators co-authored this article.]

Parents of children with special healthcare needs search the Internet to learn about and share health-related information. Indeed, online communities (OCs) often increase knowledge and skills, decreasing feelings of isolation and distress. The current study explored the content and functioning of an Italian OC comprising parents of children with Down Syndrome. Following a netnographic method, data were analysed through the Latent Thematic Analysis. Five main themes emerged: the e-group, the child, prescriptive knowhow, being a parent, and personal experience across time. The findings illustrated the complex relationship between parents and children with Down Syndrome within the OC, exploring psychological themes recurring in parents of children with Down Syndrome. Within the e-group, special children and parental challenges can be described, sharing concerns, conflicting emotions, and experience-based information, countering Down Syndrome difficulties and social isolation. Clinicians and healthcare professionals should consider the OCs-related advantages to enhance the healthcare of parents and children with Down Syndrome.

Much research has found disrupted executive functioning (EF) in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children; while some theories emphasize the role of auditory deprivation, others posit delayed language experience as the primary cause. This study investigated the role of language and auditory experience in parent-reported EF for 123 preschool-aged children (M[subscript age] = 60.1 months, 53.7% female, 84.6% White). Comparisons between DHH and typically hearing children exposed to language from birth (spoken or signed) showed no significant differences in EF despite drastic differences in auditory input. Linear models demonstrated that earlier language exposure predicted better EF ([beta] = 0.061-0.341), while earlier auditory exposure did not. Few participants exhibited clinically significant executive dysfunction. Results support theories positing that language, not auditory experience, scaffolds EF development.

Cooperating teachers are vital in the professional development of teacher candidates. Yet, little research has been done to explore the generative and bidirectional nature of mentoring in the context of a student teaching-mentoring dyad--including the ways that teacher candidates are vital to the professional development of cooperating teachers. This case study addresses this gap by exploring the realized potential of adopting a transformative activist stance in relation to the mentoring of a preservice teacher candidate. The strategic partnering of a veteran teacher (Rick) and undergraduate teacher candidate (Daniel)--both committed to culturally sustaining pedagogies--created an opportunity to reimagine the student teaching experience in one English language arts classroom. Through collaborative reflection and artifact analysis, we examine our roles in contributing to bidirectional mentorship that stressed innovative collaboration rather than adaptation to existing power differentials.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a tactical games model instructional plan on game-play volleyball performances of elementary school students, taking into account their skill level. In total, 39 fourth-grade students (average age: 8.9 years) participated in a 13-week unit, in which each lesson exaggerated the use of small-sided games. In-game performances were assessed via the Team Sport Assessment Procedure, while students played a 10-minute modified game (four versus four). Data were collected pre- and post-intervention, and after the summer vacation (retention test). A 2 (skill level) × 3 (time) analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare students' performance, and the relevant effects were interpreted mainly by means of confidence intervals and effect size measures. At the end of the instructional period, all participants had an overall moderate to large improvement, and this global improvement seems to have remained at least until the end of the summer vacation. Lower-skilled students attained a larger and more established improvement than high-skilled students did. However, some detrimental effects on in-game students' performance existed at the end of the instructional period. Therefore, teachers have to take into account students' skill levels when designing their lessons because, if small-sided games are adequately considered and managed, students' learning processes can be enhanced. Furthermore, the students should be assigned appropriate learning activities to avoid summer learning loss in physical education.

In 2020, the emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic brought a drastic and sudden change in teaching practices, from the physical space of the classrooms to the virtual space of an e-environment. In this paper, through a qualitative analysis of 44 collected essays composed by Italian mathematics teachers from primary school to undergraduate level during the spring of 2020, we investigate how the Italian teachers perceived the changes due to the unexpected transition from a face-to-face setting to distance education. The analysis is carried out through a double theoretical lens, one concerning the whole didactic system where the knowledge at stake is mathematics and the other regarding affective aspects. The integration of the two theoretical perspectives allows us to identify key elements and their relations in the teachers' narratives and to analyze how teachers have experienced and perceived the dramatic, drastic, and sudden change. The analysis shows the process going from the disruption of the educational setting to the teachers' discovery of key aspects of the didactic system including the teacher's roles, a reflection on mathematics and its teaching, and the attempt to reconstruct the didactic system in a new way.

In this study, I build on growing research examining humility in musical contexts by investigating whether band students perceive humility to be a positive and desirable social quality or a social weakness among band directors. Middle school, high school, and undergraduate band students (N = 117) evaluated the likability, knowledgeability, and preference for humble and arrogant band director targets by assessing recorded interviews with each director following a fictitious performance. The humble target demonstrated nonsuperiority and other-orientedness and acknowledged his room for growth in his interview, while the arrogant target spoke with a degree of self-importance, an inflated self-view, and a desire for credit and prestige in his interview. Results indicated that overall, participants expressed greater likability toward the humble director and overwhelmingly preferred him to the arrogant director (82.76%) but did not ascribe greater knowledgeability to either target. These differences were contingent on school level and whether participants were presented with the humble or arrogant target first. Findings support the pertinence of modeling humility in music teaching and refute the implicit premise that teachers who behave in an arrogant manner might appear more competent or capable among students.

Background: We assessed the cost-effectiveness and student outcomes related to providing breakfast in the classroom (BIC) setting versus breakfast in the traditional school cafeteria (Cafe). Methods: The sample included 2906 African American and Hispanic students attending urban elementary and middle schools in a city in the Northeastern United States. Teachers and other school personnel completed interviews. Teachers completed an online survey. Results: School absences were lower for students in the BIC program than in the Cafe program. The school suspension rate was lower for the BIC students than the Cafe students. A larger percentage of BIC students (80%) ate breakfast than Cafe students (30%). The BIC program was more cost-effective than the Cafe program. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that low-income students in the BIC program showed improved attendance and increased breakfast consumption. Students who consume a healthy in-class breakfast may develop better eating habits and academic performance.

In this paper, I critique the ways in which music education professionals--especially the privileged voices within our field--engage in dialogue through social media outlets such as Facebook. While social media has become a valuable and ubiquitous discursive tool within our field, especially in that it theoretically removes the "ivory tower" of dialogue in academia, here I critique its darker side. Were he alive today, I question how philosopher Paulo Freire would respond to the dialogical opportunities afforded by social media and the emergence of "woke culture." Particularly when engaging in the work of antiracism, I highlight how privileged music educators can silence any dialogue through their hostility or fragility alike through various forms of call-out culture, cancel culture, virtue signaling, and tone policing. I draw upon the full corpus of Freire's works to examine the overall veracity of these approaches to antiracist efforts and offer that Freire's pedagogy was interminably rooted in humility, love, and the pursuit of shared humanity.

Christopher Small (1998) famously explored the role of the performance venue in framing the music experiences of audience members. While Small observed how audiences consume music in the classical symphony hall, we might also consider how performance venues frame global music experiences as well. In this article, I suggest that considering the space where music takes place can offer insights into the deeper social and cultural contexts of any given music practice. Specifically, music teachers can foster meaningful world music experiences by embracing the participatory or presentational nature of the music and seeking to reproduce these performance contexts as closely as possible. I explore ways that these ideas might play out among teachers who wish to maximize both the authenticity and integrity of their music performances, and I discuss strategies for music teachers to incorporate these suggestions into their own teaching.

In this paper we analyse the role of the teacher in a Digital interactive Storytelling in Mathematics (DiST-M) activity. involved in the story as a character (the Guru, a math expert), the teacher acts as a mediator in students' problem-solving process. We analyse how the teacher may orchestrate the mathematical discussions to allow students achieve the foreseen educational objectives. We also investigate how to exploit technology to support this activity and increase the reach of her educational interventions by means of an 'augmented reality dashboard' arising from the collection of data from all students' social interactions.

How can a student experience what happens in the mind of a mathematician while solving a problem? In this paper we discuss a theoretical design of an educational script, based on digital interactive storytelling. Parallel to Docter's 'Inside Out', the cognitive functions occurring in problem solving become characters of a story-problem. Students play the corresponding roles, alternatively as Actors or Onlookers. Besides the characters, the story-problem evolves along a sequence of episodes according to the cognitive processes involved. The script aims at developing students' mathematics identity as the community of all of characters, together with their interactions while working.

Gross anatomy dissection in contemporary medical education must balance the traditional value of learning from the cadaver with the possibilities created by the use of digital tools as supplemental resources that personalize and deepen the student learning experience. This study broadly examined the design, implementation, and use of "AnatomyShare," a novel iPad application employing learner-generated content that allows students to securely share annotated images of their dissections with each other and take faculty-generated image-based quizzes during their first-year medical school gross anatomy course. Almost all students enrolled in the course used the application (N = 176; 91% use based on analytics). Seventy-five students responded to a survey asking how and when they used the application, along with their perceptions of its usefulness and contribution to learning. More students reported using the application outside of laboratory (97.3%) than during laboratory (85.3%), despite only in-laboratory use being required. Taking quizzes using the "Exam" feature was the highest rated use of "AnatomyShare," and students cited that the application exposed them to anatomical variation and motivated them to correctly identify structures during dissection. While steps need to be taken to combat low-quality learner-generated content and to enhance meaningful student interaction and collaboration, "AnatomyShare" was a feasible and highly rated supplement to dissection that provided valuable assessment opportunities for students. Future research will examine the impact of use on course grades and engagement in gross anatomy dissection.

Humility is considered to be an important social virtue, particularly in interpersonal contexts. Given the highly social nature of music participation, researchers have begun exploring the potential role that humility might play in music education. The purpose of this study was to examine how middle school, high school, and undergraduate band students (N=116) perceived the virtue of humility, including whether they viewed it to be a social strength among various types of musicians. Results indicated that students viewed humility to be a positive quality and a social strength for different types of musicians (i.e., band directors, section leaders, famous musicians). However, middle schoolers struggled to articulate a meaning of humility consistent with accepted definitions put forth by social scientists. Based on these findings, I offer recommendations for music educators to model and promote humility as a positive and necessary virtue in their ensembles and classrooms.

There is growing interest in foregrounding bodies in literacy research and pedagogy. Drawing across multiple conceptualizations of bodies as tools, mediums, and social texts, this qualitative case study examines the multifaceted nature of embodiment in two adolescent girls' school writing. Situated in a research-practice partnership that included researchers, the teacher, adolescent youth, and their parents, this analysis explores the ways writing acted with/on bodies throughout a poetry-writing unit in an urban middle school English language arts classroom. Data collected over 11 weeks included student and teacher interviews, observations and field notes, and artifacts. Through inductive coding processes, coupled with member-check interviews with participants and their parents, four themes were identified: (a) embodied knowing as inspiration for writing, (b) bodies as a mode of multimodal representation, (c) writing as a way to counternarrate against/with other bodies, and (d) bodies responding to writing.

In this study I conduct a dramaturgical analysis to examine the performance of social identity among the members a competitive high school jazz band located in the western United States. Using dramaturgical theory (Goffman, E. 1959. "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life." Anchor Books.), which uses a metaphor with the theatre to interpret human interactions as manufactured social performances, I seek to dissect the underlying motivations concerning the band's practice of "musical humility" (Coppola, W. J. 2019. "Musical Humility: An Ethnographic Case Study of A Competitive High School Jazz Band." "Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education" 222: 7-26. doi:10.5406/bulcouresmusedu.222.0007). Specifically, I seek to understand the seemingly paradoxical presence of humility during performances and rehearsals alongside transient acts of arrogance as shared during interviews and observed behind-the-scenes. I present my findings through an arts-based storytelling approach divided into three parts: Act I, which explores the "onstage" symbiosis of the Grant Jazz Band; Act II, which focuses on "backstage" behaviours occurring during rehearsals and sectionals; and Act III, which examines "offstage" communications resulting from one-on-one interviews and other interactions occurring off the bandstand.

The authors explored the impact of a novel, interactive performing arts-based program on students' writing skills. The program featured the Story Pirates, a group that teaches children how to write stories and then turns their stories into a musical sketch comedy show. Written stories from the third-grade students in an elementary school were collected before and after the Story Pirates program and then compared to determine the impact of the program on students' writing skills. The percentage of students incorporating key elements of writing--settings, main characters, additional characters, and motives--increased substantially after their participation in the Story Pirates program. These findings suggest that theatre-based interventions may strengthen elementary students' writing skills.

Each fall at harvest time, young students in the authors' part of the Midwest visit apple orchards to learn more about the life cycle of plants. This tradition is one part of a larger unit centered on apples, integrating life science with language arts and social studies. The authors partnered with kindergarten teachers at several schools to design and teach a five day apple-themed engineering design unit. Building on their fascination with things that float and how they apply forces to make them move, they turn apples into sailboats. This lesson utilized inexpensive and common materials, many of which are easily substituted, making it an accessible choice for at-home investigations by students or families.

This case study explores how a research-practice partnership worked to cross-pollinate culturally sustaining pedagogy (CSP) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) over the course of a 9-week spoken word poetry unit in a seventh-grade classroom. The unit reflected CSP's commitment to linguistic, literate, and cultural pluralism (e.g., centering culture- and identity-focused writing) while also intentionally embedding principles of UDL (e.g., multiple means of representation, action, expression, and engagement). The analysis examines how and why some students in this classroom centered dis/ability in their poetry writing and how the design and implementation of the unit invited more complex understandings of cultures and identities. Findings suggest that CSP supported students in making their identities more visible in the classroom, while the integration of UDL principles eliminated barriers for participation. Both were integral in focal students' engagements with aspects of their identities throughout the unit. Ultimately, the unit's design facilitated the movement of the focal students from the periphery to more centripetal roles within the classroom community.

This paper presents a Vygotskian research device that focuses on collaborative activities based on the manipulation of linguistic objects in a primary school classroom, with 8-9-year-old children. Through social exchanges among the different points of view, the children were engaged in a dynamic process of building and negotiating mathematical meanings. How the children may become aware of the possibility that the same language can have different interpretations as well as some aspects of the distinction between syntax and semantic is analyzed. The analyzed activity is the "worlds' game," the final step of a didactic path based on the construction and manipulation of a procedural language. The content analysis of the elicitation interviews allows to reconstruct children's reasoning, individually developed during and after the activities. From a qualitative analysis, it emerges how almost all the children reached a good level of awareness and mastery about the possibility that the same language can have different interpretations and, therefore, about some aspects of the difference between syntax and semantics.

Research indicates there is a need for teachers to experience multiple mastery experiences with engineering teaching in order to improve teaching engineering self-efficacy. To prepare future K-5 teachers to teach the engineering design process, one science methods course integrated 2-day engineering mini-units into the class meeting and school-based field experience. The preservice teachers participated as students in an exemplar mini-unit and then designed their own mini-unit, which they later taught to K-5 students. Pre- and post-testing of the preservice teachers indicated significant improvement in engineering pedagogical content knowledge self-efficacy, engagement self-efficacy, and disciplinary self-efficacy. Significant improvement was not observed in engineering outcome expectancy.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide recommendations for children's physical activity (PA) and nutrition practices. Community partnerships in school-based programs are recommended by the CDC to support children's opportunities to regularly engage in these practices. Purpose: Informing the role of Health Educators and community partners, the research purpose was to explore how to support early-learning providers' healthy eating and PA programs. Methods: Drawing upon interpretive description methodology, 13 Indiana early-learning providers participated in one-on-one interviews. Participants shared experiences of, and recommendations for, building school health partnerships and programs. Three areas for supporting programs were identified and recontextualized into guiding questions for practice. Results: Health Educators and community partners can support providers by developing or acquiring resources, such as examples of classroom PA delivery. They can contribute by providing program planning services, like co-developing PA programs with teachers and meal planning with staff. By creating networking opportunities, community partners can initiate online or in-person knowledge-sharing and mentor-mentee programs. Discussion: These findings inform how Health Educators and community partners can be involved in school-based health promotion by providing insight into partnership roles. Translation to Health Education Practice: The practical questions can be used to guide the development of collaborations.

Purpose: This paper aims to examine how a collaborative narrative inquiry focused on cultivating critical English Language Arts (ELA) pedagogies supported teacher agency, or "the capacity of actors to critically shape their own responsiveness to problematic situations" (Emirbayer and Mische, 1998, p. 971). Design/methodology/approach: Situated in a semester-long inquiry group, eight k-16 educators used narrative inquiry processes (Clandinin, 1992) to write and collectively analyze (Ezzy, 2002) stories describing personal experiences that brought them to critical ELA pedagogies. They engaged in three levels of analysis across the eight narratives, including open coding, thematic identification, and identification of how the narrative inquiry impacted their classroom practices. Findings: Across the narratives, the authors identify what aspects of the ELA reading, writing and languaging curriculum emerged as problematic; situate themselves in systems of oppression and privilege; and examine how processes of critical narrative inquiry contributed to their capacities to respond to these issues. Research limitations/implications: Collaborative narrative inquiry between teachers and teacher educators (Sjostrom and McCoyne, 2017) can be a powerful method to cultivate critical pedagogies. Practical implications: Teachers across grade levels, schools, disciplines and backgrounds can collectively organize to cultivate critical ELA pedagogies. Originality/value: Although coordinated opportunities to engage in critical inquiry work across k-16 contexts are rare, the authors believe that the knowledge, skills and confidence they gained through this professional inquiry sensitized them to oppressive curricular norms and expanded their repertoires of resistance.

Background: The clinical relevance of Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is well established, as well as the association between parents' and children's AS. However, there is little data data on the indirect relation between parents' AS and children's anxiety and somatic-hypochondriac symptoms through children's AS, and the few findings available are inconsistent. Objective: The study examined, in a community sample, whether children's AS was associated to their anxiety and somatic-hypochondriac symptoms, and tested whether children's AS mediated the link between parents' AS and children's anxiety and somatic-hypochondriac symptoms. Methods: A total of 392 children and one of their parents completed a battery of questionnaires. Results: Children's AS mediated the links between parents' AS and children's anxiety and somatic-hypochondriac symptoms. These pathways were moderated by the child's age, in that they were significant for older children (ages 11-17 years old), but not for younger ones (ages 8-10 years old). Conclusions: The findings advance understanding of how parental AS might be implicated in children's AS and clinical symptoms.

An institutionalized program of peer-led study groups (PLSG) adds instructional power to our large-enrollment introductory organic chemistry courses. Concomitantly, there is a challenge to keep the instructional philosophy and subject matter coherent with the faculty expectations and goals across this diverse group of undergraduate instructors. Thus, to improve communication within the instructional workforce of our large organic chemistry course, we have installed a required course for all undergraduate PLSG facilitators and peer tutors hired by the Science Learning Center at the University of Michigan. This liaison course, taught by a graduate student instructor under the direction of the faculty course coordinator, focuses on enhancing subject matter clarity and stemming the flow of misinformation that has sometimes been reported in the PLSG sessions. We examined the perceived value of the liaison course, self-assessment of course content knowledge by the facilitators, and how enrollment in the course has shaped the experience of those leading a PLSG.

In the state of Texas, whose standardized, high-stakes test-based accountability system became the model for the nation's most comprehensive federal education policy, more than 135,000 youth are lost from the state's high schools every year. Dropout rates are highest for African American and Latino youth, more than 60% for the students we followed. Findings from this study, which included analysis of the accountability policy in operation in high-poverty high schools in a major urban district, analysis of student-level data for more than 271,000 students in that district over a seven-year period under this policy, and extensive ethnographic analysis of life in schools under the policy, show that the state's high-stakes accountability system has a direct impact on the severity of the dropout problem. The study carries great significance for national education policy because its findings show that disaggregation of student scores by race does not lead to greater equity, but in fact puts our most vulnerable youth, the poor, the English language learners, and African American and Latino children, at risk of being pushed out of their schools so the school ratings can show "measurable improvement." High-stakes, test-based accountability leads not to equitable educational possibilities for youth, but to avoidable losses of these students from our schools. (Contains 3 tables, 8 figures and 5 footnotes.)

The purpose of the article is to discuss and reflect upon a process of building relationships and conducting community consultations to co-create a relevant community-based participatory research agenda exploring Indigenous youth activity-promoting programming. Four consultations were conducted with approximately 30 community members in Edmonton, Alberta to relevantly and respectfully engage Indigenous Peoples and community members in discussions about Indigenous youth activity-promoting programming. A research question was created from the community consultations to inform relevant knowledge generation. A research agenda was also created with community members to inform future community engagement in the research. We reflect upon our process and discuss the strengths, challenges and recommendations of incorporating culturally relevant practices and sharing knowledge within and outside of the community group. This work contributes to literature enhancing relevant and respectful methodological- and relational-research practices with Indigenous Peoples and communities.

Use of peer instruction and facilitation has surged in undergraduate education at large colleges and universities in recent years. Studies on peer instruction have been directed primarily at student learning gains and affective outcomes among the facilitators. For peer instructors, the relationship between their teaching effectiveness and their foundational content knowledge is assumed but understudied. In an effort to promote instructional coherence (i.e., instructional same-pageness) in the introductory organic chemistry program at the University of Michigan, we observed peer-led study group facilitators' involvement in their study groups (as teachers of groups of 6-12 students) and in a companion course (as learners) designed to reinforce and enhance their content knowledge. Audiovisual recordings of the facilitators in both the companion course and, for ten of them, leading their study groups, were captured over each of the two week periods covering the topics of stereochemistry and also conformational analysis. Recordings were subsequently coded for topic and correctness in presentation of subject matter. Errors made in either study group or the companion course were investigated for error resolution (corrected or uncorrected), source of error, and propagation of corrected errors. Analysis of recordings revealed that facilitators who have their own errors corrected in the companion course, or observe their peers' errors corrected in the companion course, correctly describe these concepts in study groups. On examining errors made by facilitators when they are leading study group sessions, a backwards analysis showed consistently that either the topics had not been addressed in the antecedent companion course, or the facilitator was not actively engaged with the discussion when the topics were being discussed. These findings have implications to inform not only our own implementation of peer-led study groups, but also those interested in designing subject matter companion courses for peer leaders in other instructional settings.

Spoken word is a performative poetry that combines "words, sounds, and movements that privilege a Black aesthetic" (Winn 60). It has roots in blues, spiritual, and hip-hop music and has been popularized in particular by the slam performances exemplified in the documentary "Louder Than a Bomb." Due to its performative nature, audience is a particularly important aspect of this writing pedagogy. This article illustrates an enactment of culturally sustaining writing pedagogy through composing, performing, and responding to spoken word poetry.

A model for environmental literacy in higher education allows development of a curriculum that (1) prepares students for problem solving in authentic contexts; (2) includes the human element in technological solutions; (3) is cross disciplinary; (4) is communication intensive; (5) takes a rational approach to environmental problem solving; and (6) moves students from awareness to action. (SK)

One of the most striking pieces of evidence in attachment research is that attachment security is transmitted from 1 generation to the next. Although there has been an enormous advance in the understanding of this process, this area of research suffers from some significant gaps, as for example the transmission across 3 generations when considering the 2 parents as well as the 2 couples of grandparents. The current study was designed to fill this gap in existing literature by investigating AAI attachment representations in the members of 3 generations, belonging to a total of 32 families, each including an adult offspring, both parents and the 4 grandparents (N = 224). Main findings show that the transmission across 2 generations was stronger in the presence of a female caregiver (either mother or maternal/paternal grandmother), and that across 3 generations was confirmed only in the presence of 2 female caregivers (grandmother to mother to offspring). Conversely, the transmissions across 3 generations with only 1 or no female caregiver were not confirmed. Last, experiencing 2 secure parents increased the likelihood of developing a secure state of mind with respect to attachment among offspring, mothers and fathers, 95% confidence intervals [3.52, 1,238.72], [1.67, 31.17], and [1.67, 19.98], respectively. These findings may have important theoretical implications related to the understanding of the factors involved in the continuity and discontinuity of attachment patterns across generations.

In this article two dimensions of handshape complexity are analyzed as potential building blocks of phonological contrast-joint complexity and finger group complexity. We ask whether sign language patterns are elaborations of those seen in the gestures produced by hearing people without speech (pantomime) or a more radical reorganization of them. Data from adults and children are analyzed to address issues of cross-linguistic variation, emergence, and acquisition. Study 1 addresses these issues in adult signers and gesturers from the United States, Italy, China, and Nicaragua. Study 2 addresses these issues in child and adult groups (signers and gesturers) from the United States, Italy, and Nicaragua. We argue that handshape undergoes a fairly radical reorganization, including loss and reorganization of iconicity and feature redistribution, as phonologization takes place in both of these dimensions. Moreover, while the patterns investigated here are not evidence of duality of patterning, we conclude that they are indeed phonological and that they appear earlier than related morphosyntactic patterns that use the same types of handshape.

Today, elementary school teachers continue to revisit old lessons and seek out new ones, especially in engineering. Optimization is the process by which an existing product or procedure is revised and refined. Drawn from the authors' experiences working directly with students in grades K-5 and their teachers and preservice teachers, the optimizations in this article serve to inform readers of seven of their recommendations for optimizing an engineering lesson. Their goal is to provide practical methods for optimizing preparations, time on task, and the important focal points by minimizing distractions and potential engineering design misconceptions.