Search

This second study of Romanian education reports important reforms that have strengthened the educational system and, moreover, provides a picture of the system at all education levels as of the 1969-70 academic year. Since Communist acquisition of power late in 1947, three major educational reforms have reflected a progressive nationalistic educational trend. The first, in 1947, aligned Romania's Western-oriented educational system with that of the Soviet Union; the second, in 1955, called for reorganization of the schools along polytechnical lines. Revealing a bolder posture toward national independence and also reflecting political aspirations and educational objectives of the regime, the third reform in the 1960's was designed to further Romania's long-range plans for industrialization and technical development and fostered change in general education, higher education, teacher education, and the vocational system. Among the achievements of this latter reform were: 1) the revitalization and modernization of higher education, and alignment of Romania's higher education with the modernization process occurring in the west; 2) extension from 8 to 10 years of free and compulsory education; 3) a rise of enrollment at all levels; and, 4) reorganization of vocational education. (SJM)

This bulletin is the Office of Education's first one on education in Rumania, and the subject is presented in its historical and current political, economic, social, and cultural setting, from a non-communistic perspective. Nine chapters present the country's background, a history of its educational system from 1832, and detailed descriptions of: preprimary education, general education, vocational and technical education, higher education, teacher training, and organizations for children, youth, and adults. A final chapter presents the author's conclusions and evaluations. Appendices cover general education textbooks and a glossary of Rumanian terms used in the bulletin. Both the text and appendices are illustrated with charts and statistical tables. (Author/DJB)

This report contains a comprehensive examination of all major levels and types of education in the Hungarian educational system under communism. The structure, process, philosophy, and history of Hungarian education are described in 10 chapters: (1) "The Country's Background"; (2) "The Educational Inheritance"; (3) "The Postwar Educational System"; (4) "Pre-Elementary Education"; (5) "Elementary and Secondary Education"; (6) "Vocational and Technical Education"; (7) "Higher Education"; (8) "Teachers and Teacher Education"; (9) "Special Types of Education"; and (10) "Youth and Sport Organizations." Appended materials include a glossary; lists of: higher education institutions, institutions specializing in teacher training, and major research institutes; and a topical bibliography. (JH)

THIS STUDY SURVEYS THE ORGANIZATION, SCOPE, STRUCTURE, AND FUNCTION OF INSTITUTIONS ENGAGED IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH IN THE SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA. METHODOLOGY EMPLOYED IN THE STUDY IS BASED ON PERSONAL OBSERVATION, PUBLISHED MATERIALS, AND EXTENSIVE INTERVIEWS WITH LEADING YUGOSLAV EDUCATORS, SCHOLARS, AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS. ALTHOUGH EDUCATION RESEARCH IN YUGOSLAVIA IS CONDUCTED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF (1) SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTES, (2) INSTITUTES FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF EDUCATION, (3) INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING, AND (4) TEACHER-TRAINING INSTITUTES, IT IS CONDUCTED LARGELY BY THE THREE SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTES AND THE 11 INSTITUTES FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF EDUCATION. (DG)

ONE OF A SERIES OF OFFICE OF EDUCATION PUBLICATIONS ON EDUCATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES, THIS VOLUME DEALS WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF MODERN ISRAEL IN ITS HISTORICAL, SOCIETAL, AND CULTURAL SETTINGS. ISRAEL'S EXPERIENCE EXEMPLIFIES THE STRUGGLE OF A NEW NATION IN BUILDING AN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM FOR BOTH INDIVIDUAL AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, IN THE FACE OF CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, AND OTHER PROBLEMS. IT PRESENTS AN OVERVIEW, THOUGH THERE IS AN EMPHASIS ON SECONDARY EDUCATION AND ON TEACHER EDUCATION, AREAS WHICH POSE THE MOST SERIOUS PROBLEMS. CHAPTER DIVISIONS ARE (1) THE COUNTRY'S BACKGROUND, (2) THE EDUCATIONAL INHERITANCE, (3) THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM--ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK, (4) THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM--INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, (5) SECONDARY EDUCATION, (6) TEACHERS AND TEACHER EDUCATION, AND (7) EVALUATION AND CONCLUSIONS. APPENDIXES INCLUDE (1) GLOSSARY, (2) A LIST OF TEACHER-TRAINING INSTITUTES, (3) MATRICULATION EXAMINATIONS IN ENGLISH AND IN MATHEMATICS, AND (4) BIBLIOGRAPHY. THE VOLUME IS INDEXED. THIS DOCUMENT IS ALSO AVAILABLE AS OE-14125 FOR $0.70 FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20402. (DH)