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In this study, it was aimed to determine the views of music teachers who delivered distance musical instrument education within the scope of amateur music education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study group of the research consisted of 19 music teachers determined by the purposive sampling method, and the data were obtained with a semi-structured interview form, most of which consisted of open-ended questions. In line with the findings obtained from the study, it was determined that the musical instrument education carried out by the teachers participating in the research during the pandemic had a positive impact on the lesson process, the motivation of the student, self-confidence, study discipline, and individual responsibility. In addition, it has been determined that teachers have experienced some negativities in terms of the teaching process and technology in distance education carried out during the pandemic.

The aim of this study is to examine the open access theses in the Social Sciences group with virtual reality in the title of the review results made in the Council of Higher Education Thesis Center, through systematic review and content analysis method. It is thought that this study will narrow the wide scope of the notion of virtual reality and can describe the change and development over the years in the context of the field of social sciences. In the research, 54 postgraduate theses were examined and the distribution of the theses with virtual reality in their title were analyzed according to the years they were published, by type, by languages, by universities, by departments, according to the purpose of theses, by type of virtual reality software used, by type of virtual reality hardware, by the names of software and hardware. Since theses on educational sciences were intense, analysis was also carried out according to research methods, data collection tools and samples. In addition, the distribution of keywords in theses was also determined. Based on the obtained data, the highest number of theses was reached in 2019, while most of the theses were completed as master's thesis. While theses on virtual reality are mostly completed at Bahçesehir University, they intensify on the Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology in terms of department type. In the theses, especially virtual reality game experiences are aimed. 3600 Video and 3D Games are the most used software types, while the Virtual Reality Headsets are the most used hardware. Oculus Rift is the most used virtual reality hardware brand. Beside these, it is found that quantitative method is mostly preferred, the most used data collection tool is questionnaire, and the most used sample group is undergraduate students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perfectionism, social competence and psychological well-being on physical activity of physical education students of the University of Gümüshane in Turkey. To measure variables some questionnaires were used: Wells and Cartwright-Hatton (2004) for perfectionism; Julvez et al. (2008) for social competence, Reif (1995) for psychological well-being and Charbonneau et al. (2001) for performance sport. The reliability of the questionnaires was also assessed by Cronbach's alpha test. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the perfectionism questionnaire was 0.74, for social competence questionnaire 0.81, for the psychological well-being questionnaire 0.85, and for the sports performance questionnaire equal to 0.89. Questionnaires were distributed among the statistical sample (142 physical education students of the University of Gümüshane, Turkey). Findings showed that perfectionism has no significant effect on students 'athletic performance, but then the normal perfectionism with a beta coefficient of 0.16 and abnormal perfectionism with a beta coefficient of -0.308 (negative) had a significant effect on students' athletic performance. Also, social competence with a coefficient of beta of 0.631 and its nine dimensions had a significant positive effect on physical activity of physical education students of Gümüshane University. Psychological well-being with a beta coefficient of 0.74 and its six dimensions had a significant positive effect on physical activity of physical education students of Gümüshane University. It can be concluded that with the increase of social competence and psychological well-being of students as well as their normal perfectionism can improve performance of students. But with an increase in abnormal perfectionism, students' athletic performance decreases.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence and optimistic on creativity of team and individual athletes of Trabzon University. In order to measure the spiritual intelligence, the optimism and the creativity variable, the standard questionnaires (Amram and Dryer, 2008), (Webber and Smokowski, 2018) and (Torrance, 2000) were used respectively. The reliability of the questionnaires was also evaluated by Cronbach's alpha test, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the spiritual intelligence, optimism and creativity questionnaires were 0.75, 0.83, and 0.81 respectively. The questionnaires were comprised of a sample of 148 students from Trabzon University: 74 of team athletes such as soccer, volleyball, basketball and handball as well as 74 individual athletes such as tennis, badminton, track and field, swimming, etc.. The findings showed that: spiritual intelligence and optimism has a significant effect on creativity of all team and individual athletes. Spiritual intelligence and optimism has a significant effect on creativity of individual athletes. Team and individual athletes have a significant difference in optimism and creativity variables. So the observed significant difference was due to more creativity of team sportsmen.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of cultural intelligence and creative thinking on the practical technical capabilities of Trabzon University Physical Education Students. In order to measure the cultural intelligence, creative thinking and technical capabilities in sport, the Standard questionnaires of Early and Ang (2003), Torrance (2000) and Behringer et al. (2011) were used respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the cultural intelligence, creative thinking and technical capability questionnaires were 0.79, 0.8, and 0.85, respectively. Questionnaires were distributed to 120 students, (40 for football, 40 for volleyball and 40 for badminton classes). The findings showed that cultural intelligence and creative thinking have a significant positive effect on the technical capabilities of Trabzon University Physical Education students in all three football lessons (foot technical capability), volleyball and badminton (hand technical capability). Also, cultural intelligence and creative thinking have a significant positive effect on the technical capabilities of football classes (foot technical capability). Cultural intelligence and creative thinking have a significant positive effect on the technical capabilities of students in volleyball classes (hand technical abilities). Cultural intelligence and creative thinking have a significant positive effect on the technical capabilities of badminton classes (hand technical ability). Finally, it can be said that cultural intelligence and creative thinking have a significant positive effect on the practical technical capabilities of physical education students of Trabzon University participating in practical lessons (football, volleyball and badminton) both simultaneously and separately in each classroom.

Remote laboratories are technologies that aim to increase the effectiveness of educational programs. European Remote Radio Laboratory (ERRL) is an e-learning project for students, teachers and technicians who will use very important devices of a radio frequency laboratory remotely. As a solution we have developed an e-learning system which aims to support the ERRL learners while studying on how to use equipments in the system. The system is developed according to the electronic performance support system (EPSS) approach. An EPSS is a computer-based, well-structured system which improves the performance of individuals. It is an electronic infrastructure that contains, stores and distributes personal (individual) or corporate knowledge to enable people to reach necessary levels of performance in the fastest possible time and with minimum teaching support of other people. This paper discusses how the content for such a system is developed and how this content is interactively used in the EPSS platform. The technical details of the developed EPSS are also discussed in this study. We believe that this paper will help instructional system designers for designing different alternatives to improve learners' performance.

This study aims to find out requirements and needs to be fulfilled in developing remote Radio Frequency (RF) laboratory. Remote laboratories are newly emerging solutions for better supporting of e-learning platforms and for increasing their efficiency and effectiveness in technical education. By this way, modern universities aim to provide lifelong learning environments to extend their education for a wider area and support learners anytime and anywhere when they need help. However, as far as the authors concern, there is no study investigating the requirements and needs of remote laboratories in that particular field in the literature. This study is based on electrical engineers' and technicians' perspectives on the requirements of a remote laboratory in RF domain. Its scope covers investigation of the participants' perceptions toward computer mediated communication and it attempts to answer the questions: which studying strategies are preferred by the learners and what kind of RF laboratory content should be provided. The analysis of the results showed that, geographic independence, finding quickly the elements of past communication and temporal independence are declared as the most important advantages of computer-mediated communication. However, reading significant amount of information is a problem of these environments. In the context of how to show the content, respondents want to see shorter text on the screen. Therefore the instructions should include little amount of text and must be supported with figures and interactive elements. The instructional materials developed for such learner groups should support both linear and non-linear instructions. While analyzing the content to be provided, we have seen that, most of the participants do not have access to high level equipments and traditional experiments are considered as the necessary ones for both engineers and technicians. (Contains 13 tables.)