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These papers, produced for a graduate seminar at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, represent an attempt to devise a methodology for the comparative study of adult education. "Introduction," by G.S. Bains, provides a justification for the study of comparative adult education. "Comparative Philosophies of Adult Education," by Donald Verwayen, and "An Exploration of the 'Developmental/Rationalistic' Dichotomy for Comparative Adult Education Studies," by Michael J. Heus, examine basic philosophies. "The National Establishment of Adult Education," by Barbara D'Onofrio, concerns the status of adult education. "The Organization of Adult Education," by A. Brian Calhoun, "A Comparative Adult Education Inventory," by Marianne Maynard, and "The Arrangement of Study Activities," by Thomas C. Smrcka, present different forms of arrangement. "Cultural Differences and Evaluation," by D. Merrill Ewert, explores cultural influences creating differences between countries. (KM)

IN THIS REPORT OF AN AUSTRALIAN TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON CASE STUDIES AND RESEARCH APPLICABLE TO PROFESSIONAL EXTENSION WORK, INCLUDING FARMER CONTACTS AND SUCH SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES AS LIAISON WORK AND COURSE WORK IN THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES. THE FIRST SECTION DESCRIBES SERVICES IN EACH STATE AND IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY, NEW GUINEA, AND NEW ZEALAND. THE NEXT THREE SECTIONS COVER COMPARTIVE EXTENSION IN AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, AND THE UNITED STATES, SPECIAL PROBLEMS RELATING TO AUSTRALIAN PASTORAL AND OTHER INDUSTRIES, AND THE WORK AND PROBLEMS OF DISTRICT ADVISORS. THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMERCIAL FIRMS AND PRIVATE ADVISORY SERVICES (INCLUDING FARM MANAGEMENT CLUBS) IN FARM MANAGEMENT EXTENSION ARE DOCUMENTED IN THE FIFTH SECTION. OTHER SECTIONS DEAL WITH PROGRAM PLANNING, GROUP METHODS AND DEMONSTRATIONS, TELEVISION AND OTHER MASS MEDIA. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXTENSION AND REGULATORY SERVICES AND RESEARCH EXTENSION LIAISON, RESEARCH IN COMMUNICATIONS, ADULT LEARNING, DECISION MAKING, AND PROGRAM EVALUATION, ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING (HIGHER EDUCATION, INSERVICE TRAINING, INTERNATIONAL AID), AND POSTCONFERENCE REPORTS BY OVERSEAS VISITORS AND ORGANIZING COMMITTEES. ALSO INCLUDED ARE FOUR FIGURES, 35 TABLES, AND NUMEROUS REFERENCES. (LY)

This paper presents a study of Yanyula nouns and noun modifiers. Yanyula is the language spoken in parts of the Northern Territory and Queensland in Australia. In relation to noun modifiers, the paper discusses adjectives and numerals, demonstrative and possessive pronouns, prefix allomorphs, and noun modifier occurrence in noun phrases. Regarding nouns, the linguistic (semantic, grammatical, phonological) and anthropological aspects of development and current usage are discussed and a complex noun classification system is outlined. (DD)

This paper considers the recent development within political science of an interest in education problems and in the political functions and political aspects of education processes and institutions in societies. The paper further provides an exploratory account of some of the connections between formal education and political life in Australia. (Author)

The eleven papers presented at the 1970 meeting of the Australian Science Education Research Association are arranged in five sections. The first two sections, "Countenance of Science Education Research" and "Cognitive Style," contain one paper each; the first, a review of research trends and the second, an experimental report. "Sequencing and Inquiry/Discovery Studies" contains three papers; one reporting the effects of varying amounts of guidance given students learning graphical skills, one comparing the effects of guided discovery and other methods of instruction in an elementary school science unit, and the third reporting correlations between components of inquiry methods and U.S. biology students' perceptions of instructional outcomes. Two studies using interaction analysis techniques, one in in-service teacher education and the other comparing the characteristics of students who exhibited different amounts of interaction with the teacher, are reported in "Micro-teaching and Interaction Studies." The final section, "Curriculum Evaluation," contains papers that report the plan for the formative evaluation of the Australian Science Education Project units, describe changes in content-free characteristics of students studying the different physics courses (e.g., cognitive preference, enjoyment of physics), outline problems of curriculum evaluation in developing countries, and assess a method of measuring scientific attitudes. (AL)

The papers in this volume were presented at the ninth annual conference of the Australian Association of Adult Education. Included in the program of the conference were discussions on "Recent Projects in Adult Education" and "Research in Adult Education." These were dealt with by two syndicates which met throughout the conference and presented reports on their discussions to a final plenary session of members. The material for Syndicate 2 consisted of papers prepared by a number of adult educators who described one or more projects included in their programs. The basis for discussion by Syndicate 3 was a paper on "The Clientele of Adult Education." The papers and other material in this volume provide a record of the work done by these syndicates. (Author/CK)

The papers presented in this volume were prepared for the ninth national conference of the Australian Association of Adult Education. The Conference was mainly a gathering of professional adult educators from Australian departments and institutions created for the purposes of adult education. The education of adults on a voluntary basis and without provision of qualifications is as yet a very minor social institution within Australian society. It is an institution which responds to a wide range of other more dominant social institutions, such as the political system. It is particularly in the political sense that all the papers which are included have relevance for teachers in whatever setting they work. (Author/CK)

The present situation of biology teaching in Australian secondary schools is described in Part 1 of the proceedings of the 1970 conference on "Biological Education in Australian Secondary Schools." The six papers discuss the relationship of biology to other science and non-science subjects, enrollment trends, teacher qualifications, and assessment practices used in each state. Part 2 contains three papers which suggest some aims of biological education for Australian conditions, and a summary of the discussion of these proposed aims. Papers evaluating the Australian adaptation of the BSCS programs, the biology component of the New South Wales "Science" courses, the Queensland "Zoology" course, and the pilot course in "Human Biology" offered in Western Australia, are contained in Part 3. Three background review papers, on discussion as a teaching technique, on the value of laboratory work, and on research on "inquiry" teaching, are included, together with reports of working groups that discussed evaluation techniques, teaching techniques, and the appropriate content of future courses. The report concludes with a list of eight recommendations to the conference sponsors, the Australian Academy of Science. (AL)

The eight papers included in this anthology were originally presented during the 1968 quarterly meeting of the Public Libraries Section, Victorian Division of the Library Association of Australia. The papers are: (1) Some Current Problems in Public Library Development in Victoria, (2) The Role of Government and Public Libraries, (3) Regional Library Systems and Regionalization, (4) Optimum Sizes of Population and Area of Regional Library Services, (5) Trends and Development in Reader Services, (6) Standardization and Centralization of Technical Services: Possibilities and Limitations, (7) Personnel Administration in Public Libraries and (8) Library Promotion. (MM)

These proceedings of a conference sponsored by the International Biological Programme committee of the Australian Academy of Science contain the six major papers presented to the conference. An overview of the perspectives and responsibilities resulting from environmental change is followed by an outline of a strategy for curriculum development and implementation in environmental education at elementary and secondary levels. Three other papers are concerned with biological education; one an analysis of curricula and textbooks used in Australian schools from the point of view of relevance to environmental issues; one an account of a biologically based environmental education course for non-biologists at university level; and one the discussion of teaching biology to infants. A paper on the responsibilities of the mass media for producing an groups on "Environmental Education in the Schools,""Environmental Education in the Community,""Environmental Education at the Tertiary Level" and "The Education of Environmental Scientists" conclude the report. A list of conference participants is appended. (AL)

Presented are nine papers given at a 1973 seminar at the University of Queensland in Australia on the identification and treatment of children with learning disabilities. Noted are recommendations of the Senate Standing Committees on Handicapped Persons and Teaching Education which would require increased numbers of trained teachers and other professionals. Included papers have the following titles: "Some World Trends in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Learning Problems", "School Problems and the Neurologist", "Children with Reading Disabilities", "Helping the Adolescent with Learning Problems", "Organization and Implementation of Individualized Programs Within the Framework of a Junior High School", "Auditory Immaturity as an Educational Handicap", "Prescriptive Teaching of Children with Learning Disabilities", "A Developmental Approach to Identification and Treatment of Children with Minimal Cerebral Dysfunction", and "Queensland Provision for Children with Learning Disabilities -- Performance and Promise". (DB)

These conference papers on prospects for the future of Australian adult education concentrate on issues in rural adult education, postsecondary education by colleges of advanced education, international cooperation to meet the educational and related needs of developing nations, the future contribution of New Zealand universities to residential and other forms of adult education, and approaches to program research and evaluation. Educational impacts of trends in rural social relationships and groupings are discussed with reference to work, employment, and rural and nonrural community participation. Also considered are influences on innovation in community education and agricultural education, developmental tasks, orientations toward adult education and participation or nonparticipation therein, influences on participation, and different adult educator job orientations. Commentary on the background paper on colleges of advanced education is also reproduced. The document includes 86 references. (ly)

Existing official and unofficial colleges of advanced education (CAE) including numerous technical, paramedical, and agricultural colleges in Victoria, a few institutions in New South Wales, and other schools and institutes in Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia, are described; and plans for future colleges or the upgrading of existing institutions, are noted. Next, in a background paper and commentary, are somewhat divergent opinions on such questions as the balance between vocational and general education in CAEs and overlapping between CAEs and university extension. Evaluating both the background paper and the commentary, Section three stresses the view that a broad, extensive program at the subuniversity academic level has an important place in Australian adult education and that CAEs would be well fitted to the task. Detailed comments from six administrators and other educators also appear. (ly)

These papers cover planning, organization, and administration of programs conducted by the Department of University Extension of the University of New England (New South Wales); they are concerned primarily with rural extension. The first paper reviews elements of program planning and program implementation in general. The second evaluates an extension program by applying a model of the program planning process developed by Boyle. Papers three and four describe in detail the planning and organizing of non-residential and residential schools for adults, with emphasis on the challenge these techniques hold for the adult educator. The fifth paper is a reappraisal of the place of the arts in the education of adults. The sixth paper stresses the importance of thorough program planning and draws some implications of the present monograph for the adult educator. (Editor/NL)

TO FIND THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FINAL RESULTS AND MARKS GAINED IN THE WRITTEN AND ORAL PARTS OF THE 1964 SENIOR GERMAN EXAMINATION, THE RESULTS OF THE TESTS OF 674 CANDIDATES WERE EXAMINED. THIS EXAMINATION, HELD AFTER THE FOURTH YEAR OF SECONDARY SCHOOLING AND USED AS A BASIS FOR UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND MATRICULATION, CONSISTED OF--(1) THE ORAL PART (PREPARED AND UNPREPARED READING, AND DICTATION) CARRIES 10 PERCENT, AND (2) THE WRITTEN PART (A 3-HOUR PAPER) CARRIES 90 PERCENT. THERE WAS A HIGH CORRELATION BETWEEN WRITTEN AND FINAL RESULTS IN THAT 95.25 PERCENT OF ALL CANDIDATES HAD THE SAME FINAL AS WRITTEN GRADE, BUT ONLY 54.3 PERCENT HAD THE SAME FINAL AS ORAL GRADE. OF THOSE WHO PASSED IN THE FINAL RESULT, 94.3 PERCENT ALSO PASSED THE ORAL, AND 56.6 PERCENT OF THOSE WHO FAILED IN THE FINAL ALSO FAILED THE ORAL. THE HIGHEST CORRELATION IS AT THE TWO EXTREMES-- OF THOSE WHO OBTAINED A FINAL "A," NONE FAILED THE ORAL, AND OF THOSE WHO FAILED THE ORAL, NONE GAINED A FINAL "A." OF THE FINAL "A" STUDENTS, 81.4 PERCENT GAINED AN "A" FOR THE DICTATION, BUT ONLY 57.2 PERCENT AN "A" FOR THE READING. OF THOSE WHO FAILED IN THE FINAL, ONLY 14.6 PERCENT FAILED THE READING, BUT 75.3 PERCENT FAILED THE DICTATION. DETAILED FIGURES ARE FOUND IN EIGHT APPENDIXES. THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN "BABEL," VOLUME 2, NUMBER 2, JULY 1966. (AUTHOR)

The objective of this seminar was to increase the awareness of the importance of information to industry and the availability of informational resources in Newcastle. It is directed toward management, research and technical executives. The four papers presented for discussion are: (1) "The importance of information to industry," (2) "The mechanics of supplying information to industry," (3) "The role of government in supplying information to industry" and (4) "Information for industry, the local scene." The appendices contain: a list of participants, a list of organizations represented, and the object and members of the Industrial Library Advisory Committee. Also included are an index and a graphic picture of the cost relationships of information systems. (Author/NH)

Public librarians met at a workshop in Albury, Australia on September 19 and 20, 1970 to discuss areas in which they tend to undervalue their responsibility to the community. The following papers were presented, and appear in this volume: (1) Extension activities for children, (2) Youth, (3) The film society and the public library, (4) The provision of books in foreign languages, (5) Libraries and continuing learning, and (6) Extension activities and the council. (SJ)

The object of this statement by the Australian Advisory Council on Bibliographical Services is to inform the Commonwealth Government of the need for greatly increased financial support for libraries directly serving the public. It is not the intention to analyze the present position in full detail, but simply to adduce evidence that an examination is warranted into the inadequate financial provision now being made for these library services. In this paper the Council has attempted only to indicate in broad terms the nature and approximate scale of the grave deficiencies in public library services. The present situation is viewed with concern, and it is recommended that the Commonwealth Government give it early and serious examination. (Author/SJ)

In addition to complete texts or summaries of a number of papers considering the scope and relevance of "environmental studies" to the secondary and elementary school programs in Victoria (Australia), many teaching techniques are described. Techniques for measuring carrying capacity of roadways, examining published air pollution data, estimation of smoke haze, collecting meteorological data, and tests of observation skills are outlined. A bibliography of books and journal articles, particularly of those useful in Australian schools; a list of films and other audio-visual aids; names and addresses of organizations and government departments interested in conservation and community involvement; and outlines of possible curricula are also included. (AL)

The seventeen papers following the Introductory Address by P. H. Sheats are: Literacy in Territory of Papua and New Guinea by A. Tavai; The Role of the Teacher in Community Advancement by W. Hatton; Financial Education and Community Advancement in Papua and New Guinea by E. V. Fleming; Army Education in Papua and New Guinea by R. T. Jones; Aboringinal Adult Education in the Northern Territory with Particular Reference to Literacy by P. M. C. Turnbull; Aboriginal Adult Education and Community Advancement by A. T. Duncan; Adult Education Amongst Central Australian Aborigins - Some Principles and Methods by Rev. J. H. Downing; The Teacher's Role in Community Advancement by A. Grey; The Maori Leadership Conferences Community Advancement of an Ethnic Minority by S. R. Morrison; The Disadvantaged - Problems of Special Provision by C. Duke; Education and Disadvantage by N. Haines; Education in Prisons by N. F. Nance; The Rural Depressed by N. D. Crew; The Two-Way Processes of Migrant Assimilation by D. Buckland; An Approach to Migrant Education by P. Arblaster; Trade Union Education by P. Mathews; and The Postal Course Scheme for Trade Unionists by E. Williams. (LS)

This paper provides a review of "English Transported: Essays on Australasian English," edited by W. S. Ramson. The book is a collection of articles on the various types of English spoken mainly in Australia and New Zealand. Articles discuss such varieties as nineteenth and twentieth century Australian English, New Zealand English, Pidgin English in New Guinea, migrant English in Australia, informal English in the Torres Straits, spoken versus written English, and Australian English as used by Asian students. The present reviewer considers each article and concentrates on the sociolinguistic and phonetic aspects in each discussion. (VM)

This interim report summarizes ongoing research reported from the Australian Capital Territory, Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia on the relationship between matriculation through the Tertiary Education Entrance Project Series A Test Battery and university performance. In view of the preliminary nature of the findings, the tables are presented with a minimum of comment. The correlations reported are generally low, but it is considered too early to consider the project a failure. Data tabulated concern: (1) summary statistics and frequency distributions for T.E.E.P. Papers; (2) sex differences; (3) comparison of university entrants; (4) comparison of school leavers throughout Australia; (5) relationship between T.E.E.P. matriculation performance and teachers' estimates; and (6) prediction of university performance. (KM)

A paper dealing with the education of handicapped children in Australia, presented at the Pan Pacific Conference on the Education of Exceptional Children (Honolulu, Hawaii, February 9-12, 1971), is featured. The provision for the education of handicapped children in one state, Victoria, is described in detail, and the ways in which other states differ from Victoria's pattern is then outlined. An historical background, the present educational system, the placement of handicapped children, the training of teachers, the curricula, employment opportunities, and successes, problems, and future plans are covered. (CD)

This collection of readings was compiled to provide background information on adult education in Australia, as well as to indicate future aims. The papers discuss goals in adult education; the government's part in adult education; and institutionalizing adult education in universities and in other bodies. Institutions that offer adult education programs are named and their programs discussed. Methods used for teaching these programs are described, and standards utilized in these programs are presented. Surveys of the students who participate in adult education classes are described as to results. Appraisals are made of adult education programs from 1944 to 1965. A subject index is provided. (DB)

Part of a larger research program to determine the principles of effective production and utilization of filmic instructional devices, this paper deals with activities in Great Britain, Canada, and Australia. Activities in each of these countries form the basis for each of the three chapters of this report. The chapter on Great Britain describes: The British tradition in documentary films, instructional films during the war, instructional films in education, the use of instructional films in universities, instructional film research, the producers of instructional films, and organizations interested in promoting the development of instruction films. It ends with references and an appendix describing the technique of factual film production in Great Britain. The report on Canada discusses the National Film Board of Canada and its functions, production facilities, the distribution and exhibition of films, and the documentary tradition. The chapter on Australia comprises reports on audiovisual aids in military training and in education, and concludes with references. (GO)

Part of a report of seminar proceedings, six papers on community development in developed nations review the conceptual dimensions, issues, and directions of community development in the United States; pilot programs of social research, training, and consultation in rural Saskatchewan; the community development efforts of the University of New England in northern New South Wales, Australia; activities and accomplishments of the New England Rural Development Association (New South Wales); examples of community development and cooperations in the Barossa Valley, South Australia, since World War 1; some principles of extension considered in relation to the Upper Caboolture Agricultural Development Group (Queensland); and an environmental and historical perspective on community development needs in the Rockhampton region of Queensland. A final group report introduces eight other Australian case discussions, together with theoretical formulations on program initiation, goal achievement, education and problem solving, sponsorship and finance, research, leadership training, and the community development process. The document includes tables, figures, and references. (ly)

In a report of seminar proceedings, papers are presented on the formation, aims, structure, and organizational relationships of community youth clubs in rural areas of Victoria, Australia; and on the origins, structure, staffing, and overall characteristics and problems of Australian rural youth clubs. An interim group report also defines the objectives and principles which play a major role in meeting the needs of rural youth, together with administrative and other arrangements for program improvement. Useful topics for ongoing research are suggested. (ly)