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2022 opened with World War C, the first major cyber world war. Wanting to capitalize on history in the making, Information Systems faculty are integrating real time events to increase student engagement, comprehension, and application of IS concepts. This paper outlines a successful midterm evaluation pivot that leverages current events. We discuss two different actions taken and objectives, outcomes, and implications for teaching and educational research. We find that incorporating extreme current events motivates students towards self-learning and creative knowledge outlets, which in turn stimulate greater comprehension, application, and retention across the entire class.

This paper reviews cybersecurity laws and regulations in Cameroon, focusing on cybersecurity and information security audits and risk assessments. The importance of cybersecurity risk assessment and the implementation of security controls to cure deficiencies noted during risk assessments or audits is a critical step in developing cybersecurity resilience. Cameroon's cybersecurity legal framework provides for audits but does not explicitly enumerate controls. Consequently, integrating relevant controls from the NIST frameworks and ISO Standards can improve the cybersecurity posture in Cameroon while waiting for a comprehensive revision of the legal framework. NIST and ISO are internationally recognized as best practices in information security systems and cybersecurity risk management. This paper highlights the lack of specific international law provisions addressing cybersecurity audits and risk assessments. Overall, the paper highlights the importance of continuous risk assessment and monitoring, implementation of security controls, and compliance with organizational policies, relevant laws and regulations to ensure the adequate protection of information systems. Finally, the paper underscores the importance of improving Cameroon's cybersecurity regulations by integrating provisions from NIST and ISO.

In response to the adoption of Agile practices and processes by businesses, IT/IS educators are working to add Agile content to their courses. Teaching students about Agile involves teaching them about the history, mindset, and values of Agile, along with an introduction to the practices and processes used in an Agile product. Along with this, it is essential that students gain experience using Agile in a project setting. This paper discusses an Agile practice project where students use all aspects of Agile to address a problem and build a solution using Legos. The use of Legos, along with a project that students can easily see themselves using, the practice project allows students to focus on developing their Agile skills and mindset. The project serves as a useful transition from traditional classroom instruction about Agile to a project for a real-world client.

The academic success of first-year students' learning in science faculties is by no means assured, especially in an Open Distance Learning setting with its limited number of face-to-face encounters between students and lecturers or tutors. Therefore, such encounters should be highly efficient in view of the considerable amount of knowledge transfer to students. The University of South Africa (Unisa) makes provision for contact sessions of 15 hours per semester for selected modules in an attempt to elevate the pedagogical efficiency of these sessions by focusing on the threshold concepts as an innovative way of learning. This paper shows that tutorials adopting the threshold concepts approach have the potential to make students academically more successful. The focus of this study is an introductory information systems module that teaches the Python programming language. Our statistical analysis demonstrated that the year marks and final exam scores of the participating students were frequently higher than those of the students in the control group.

Faculty in the information systems (IS) and information technology (IT) fields are faced with the challenge to keep their curriculum relevant and current. What was taught two years ago will often be outdated and faculty must constantly update their curriculum on which courses should be taught as well as what should be taught within a particular course. This research continues a fifteen-year effort to help understand employer needs in terms of the skills they desire new hires to possess upon employment. This is the sixth version of this employer survey. The survey continues to report the responses of over 500 IS/IT professionals and was expanded to ask additional questions related to salary information. In addition, based on feedback from open-ended questions in a prior survey, new categories were added to the survey. Several key results and changes from prior surveys include that VR/AR (virtual reality/augmented reality) platforms showed the highest anticipated growth rate for all operating platforms in the next two years, analytics tools such as Apache Spark showed high growth rate, and JavaScript maintained the first position for programming languages.

This paper proposes a Project-based team instruction methodology with open-ended projects to teach students critical analysis, design and implementation steps of developing Robotic Process Automation (RPA) for information systems. The use of project-based learning is appropriate for teaching RPA analysis and design with lean Six Sigma tools because of its experimental approach and documentation of logical steps needed to learn how to implement RPA successfully. The approach systematically documents work currently performed and defines future actions of the process while ensuring significant benefits are achieved with the RPA enhanced process. This methodology is important because the application of RPA is not commonly taught in Management Information System (MIS) programs. MIS students may not understand the significance of combined methodology, RPA tool, and usefulness of RPA until they enter the workforce where RPA is rapidly becoming available and easier to implement. The lecture sessions and exercises are valuable because it is easy to communicate the value of RPA in terms of time, quality, volume of transactions, etc. using Lean Six Sigma analytic approaches. The exercises involve hands on activities to make this learning experience interesting for students to readily associate the theoretical process improvement agreement and visualize the practical value of RPA enhanced projects. The paper discusses the need for process changes (and new development approaches) in organization to match the properties and functions within enterprise systems and ERPs that has led to criticism of the enterprise systems. This criticism is attributable to the ERPs' many subfunctions and operations that have limited adaptability and reduced functional and operational flexibility. The RPAs require limited prior knowledge of ERPs or their sub-processes for the improvements that are made in the performance of the organization. Thus, students do not have to "learn" how these enterprise or ERP systems operate to make changes or task improvements. This paper presents a project-based methodology and design approach focusing on development of RPAs that help students learning how to make the improvements using the RPS tools. The students learn that projects can deliver significant and tangible benefits to organizations while engaging students in key activities of the analysis, design and development process from a low code-no code perspective.

Information systems are increasingly using artificial intelligence (AI). However, AI can be tricked into misbehaving, showing bias, or committing abuse. The root causes of these errors and uncertainties can be hidden away while parallelizing AI algorithms on high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure. The project outlined in this paper aims to use artificial intelligence from the ground up to generate teaching materials and curricula for student-teachers. Students embark on a journey of discovery, taking calculated risks in a learning environment. The main purpose of this document is to present the primary research results of the two-year pilot project. A secondary purpose of this paper is to disseminate information about this exciting endeavor to encourage like-minded educators and researchers to participate in this project.

This paper presents field-tested improvements over an 11-year period of a large-scale "Introduction to Information Systems" core business school course and provides a framework for implementation. Engagement and learning in large-scale courses can prove challenging, especially when the class is a requirement within a business school's core curriculum where most students taking the class are not majors in the course's subject matter. The course sections typically have 100 or more students each. The non-IS major student population attends this core course because they must, rather than want to, attend which in most cases leads to indifference and disengagement. A primary need and challenge of a required core course are to create a compelling 14-week "Introduction to Information Systems" course that captures this student population's interest in an engaging manner. This paper identifies an innovative approach to create and foster an enhanced learning environment organized around active learning, dynamic content, and a narrative structure. Major changes discussed in the paper are the abandonment of textbooks, the introduction of in-class activities and JavaScript coding, and the establishment of a narrative.

Purpose: This research paper investigates the theoretical frameworks encompassing a nuanced analysis of the digital divide in the Indian educational context, recognising that it is not merely a matter of technology access but also the ability to effectively use the resource for enhancing learning outcomes. This research provides valuable insights for fostering a more equitable and digitally inclusive learning environment by integrating conceptual insights with empirical evidence. The New Education Policy (NEP), India 2020 firmly emphasises the appropriate integration of technology into the teaching-learning process to develop relevant competencies. The pertinent question is, for India to conquer the second digital divide challenge, is the pace of technology accessibility and skill development sufficient? Design/methodology/approach: The paper is a desk research, using secondary data from the Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE+), the Indian Government database of schools. A structured dataset has been created for all years, where states are grouped in descending ranking order of availability of infrastructure and teachers trained. A colour key segregates the States into three zones demonstrating their different levels of performance - high (green), moderate (blue) and low (yellow). The purpose is to identify state/s that have moved from one zone to another and, thereafter, analyse the reasons behind the movement. Findings: Almost all states remained in the same digital resource availability zone for the four years studied, except for a limited few. Despite government interventions through higher budget allocation and targeted policies, growth rates of teacher training in computer usage slowed down post-COVID-19. A high positive correlation between Teachers' training in computer usage and the availability of computer and Internet facilities in schools indicates that an increase in digital infrastructure in schools is highly linked to teachers' training in computer usage and would ultimately translate into better use of digital resources to impart equitable education opportunities. Research limitations/implications: Primary data collection through interviews might have added to the critical findings. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further on a case-by-case basis for any state under consideration. Practical implications: Enhancing digital infrastructure in schools and building digital competence in teachers must be understood in the context of the learning organisation and the beneficiaries' attitudes at the meso-level to expand stakeholder motivation towards digital internalisation. This requires continuous engagement with education institutions as professional learning organisations, which will thereby help develop a decentralised context for teacher competency building. Collaboration, continuous monitoring of the outcomes of professional development programs, and sharing best practices are crucial in improving teacher readiness for digital education. Social implications: Access to tangible resources, such as computers, Internet connectivity and educational software, and developing intangible resources, such as teacher digital competencies, will play a pivotal role in shaping students' learning experiences. By studying the discrepancies in digital resource accessibility and teacher technology adoption, this research endeavours to add to the efforts towards enhancing the educational landscape. Originality/value: This paper seeks to address a critical issue in the Indian education system and contribute to the ongoing effort to prevent the widening of the second and third digital divide in schools, and help achieve UN SDG Goals 4 and 10.

This article sets out the findings of a systematic review on research into career guidance policy in the Nordic countries between 2008 and 2022. In total 60 papers were reviewed from across the Nordic region. They focused on national career guidance systems, career guidance systems for young people, the adult guidance system and career guidance for migrants. The corpus proved to be methodologically diverse with studies utilizing a wide range of different research strategies, although important differences were found between academic and grey literature. Most of the papers reviewed were atheoretical, with the remaining, mainly academic, literature drawing heavily on critical theory. The thematic analysis identified four major themes in the corpus: the context for career guidance policy; career guidance provision and practice; technologies of governance; and beneficiaries and outcomes of career guidance policies. The findings are discussed in relation to the strengths and weakness of the corpus and used to propose a research programme for the next 15 years.

User Experience Design (UXD) is an often-neglected area of the information systems (IS) curriculum. UXD classes specifically designed for IS students are still uncommon in IS programs and this study aims to add to the body of knowledge to prepare a more well-rounded future generation of IS professionals. With this goal in mind, this study describes the redesign of an introductory UXD course following Kolb's learning cycle and constructivist instructional models. This paper describes the implementation of the supporting pedagogy and the opportunity for students to better master core UXD concepts. UXD, a multi-disciplinary area is built on skills learned in systems analysis and design class while students learn to apply relevant concepts through a hands-on, instructor-led, individual, in-class sample project. The skills are then applied by engaging students in active learning in a team setting to deliver value to a local organization by solving related, real-life challenges. Students work on community-engaged team projects to enhance their appreciation of the impact and relevance of their semester-long project deliverable. Constructivism guides the instructional models of the framework, in which problem-based learning is used to help students build and apply relevant skills. The instructional models and implications for instructional design are discussed along with a proposed pedagogical approach, course setting and structure, tools and techniques engaged, student feedback analyzed, and lessons learned.

The purpose of this study was to determine which of the input and output variables made a statistically significant difference in the efficiency status of undergraduate departments offering Health Management education in Turkey, to identify areas where inefficient departments could improve, and to determine which of the input and output variables made a statistically significant difference in the efficiency status of inefficient departments. The output-oriented data envelopment analysis model was employed in the efficiency analysis. As a decision-making unit, there were 43 Health Management departments. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyse whether or not there was a statistically significant difference between the efficiencies of the departments based on the input and output variables. In Turkey, 15 of 43 state universities providing formal undergraduate education in the field of Health Management are fully efficient. Also, there was a significant difference in terms of the "number of completed projects" and the "number of papers in journals screened within the scope of Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC)" variables. No study examining the efficiency of Health Management departments has been found in the literature. Department administrators are encouraged to increase their publications and look into ways to design more initiatives.

This paper presents the conceptual framework, value chain model and the system architecture of intelligent student relationship management based on cognitive technology with conversational agent for enhancing student's loyalty in higher education. The purposes were to synthesize the conceptual framework and apply it to develop the value chain model and the system architecture of intelligent student relationship management based on cognitive technology with conversational agent for enhancing student's loyalty in higher education and assess the developed value chain model and system architecture. The questionnaire was employed as the instrument to assess and certify the value chain model and the system architecture by the experts. The 5 point-Likert scale was used to identify the level of agreement of the value chain model and system architecture certification assessment. The instrument was verified by five experts using content validity index (CVI). After that, the value chain model and the system architecture were verified based on the consensus assessments of seventeen experts using mean, standard deviation (S.D.), median, interquartile range and quartile deviation. The results revealed that the experts had a consensus on the value chain model developed based on the conceptual framework (Mean = 4.89, S.D. = 0.27, Median = 5, Interquartile Range: I.R. = 0.00, Quartile Deviation: Q.D. = 0.00). They also had a consensus to approve the system architecture developed based on the value chain model (Mean = 4.70, S.D. = 0.55, Median = 5, Interquartile Range: I.R. = 1.00, Quartile Deviation: Q.D. = 0.50).

The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically impacted the global post-secondary education environment beginning March 2020, leaving many classes using the traditional face-to-face delivery method scrambling to adapt. This paper describes the process used in response to COVID to convert a traditional lecture-style business intelligence class to a flipped classroom, while maintaining assignments, groups, and discussion as student engagement techniques. End of term skills assessments of four pre-COVID sections are combined with skills assessments from two during-COVID flipped online sections. The during-COVID sections use prerecorded Kaltura video lectures, supplemented with Blackboard Collaborate virtual meetings, in a flipped online delivery approach. Partial least squares (PLS) regression results indicate a flipped approach augments other student engagement methods and significantly improves skills attainment. Results also indicate that while group formation continues to enhance in-class assignment completion and reflection, discussion is less impactful in an online environment. This research highlights nuances of business intelligence education and provides suggestions for enhancing approaches for improved skills attainment.

With recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) has been identified as particularly useful for organizations seeking to create value from data. However, as ML is commonly associated with technical professions, such as computer science and engineering, incorporating training in the use of ML into non-technical educational programs, such as social sciences courses, is challenging. Here, we present an approach to address this challenge by using no-code AI in a course for university students with diverse educational backgrounds. This approach was tested in an empirical, case-based educational setting, in which students engaged in data collection and trained ML models using a no-code AI platform. In addition, a framework consisting of five principles of instruction (problem-centered learning, activation, demonstration, application, and integration) was applied. This paper contributes to the literature on IS education by providing information for instructors on how to incorporate no-code AI in their courses and insights into the benefits and challenges of using no-code AI tools to support the ML workflow in educational settings.

Quasi-internships can have a transformative impact on information systems' capstone courses. Realizing this potential depends on pedagogical design, course delivery, and student engagement. This paper presents a teaching method based on experiential-learning pedagogical design to engage students via quasi-internships to improve career preparedness and team dynamics. This teaching tip provides a procedure for converting typical Harvard Business Cases into more experiential quasi-internships. We provide a 16-week outline of the typical deliverables for six IS career trajectories aligned with the model information systems curriculum. Instructors can customize these procedures to fit their course- and module-level objectives. The assessment of students' feedback provides support for our customized quasi-internship methodology.

New technological developments, such as 5G networks, smart and interconnected devices, and the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), lead to a new reality in which the secure flow of data is non-negotiable. In this new reality, blockchain technology can play a crucial role, as it has the ability to provide the necessary background for the safe and inviolable operation of systems. Blockchain is a distributed ledger, in which information and data are stored and verified. These blocks of data do not have to be related to financial transactions but may concern any other type of data that needs to be securely recorded and not changed retrospectively. Although the first application of blockchain technology was about digital currency (Bitcoin), its usefulness is not limited to cryptocurrencies or the field of economics. Blockchain, especially in its last stage v3.0, has many applications in various sectors such as data storage, certification of products and services, government, insurance, health, science, and education. This paper focuses on the current and potential educational applications of blockchain and presents how this technology can be used to solve specific education problems. Nowadays, a variety of blockchain applications concerning the issue and storage of certificates and diplomas, the evaluation of learning outcomes, the support and the academic degree management, the protection of intellectual property, the cooperation between students and their professors, learning accreditation, payment for studies, formation of an academic passport (portfolio) or administration of the educational process are implemented in some HEI and institutions. The paper analyzes the features and advantages of blockchain technology, presents some of the current blockchain applications for education, as well as the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology in the educational sector. Finally, special reference is made to applications related to the field of language learning.

The COVID-19 pandemic in Spring 2020 necessitated a sudden shift to online learning. Faculty at Saint Michael's College, in Colchester, Vermont (USA), had ten days to re-plan their courses as well as potentially learn new pedagogies, adapt to technology for instruction, and help students adjust to the changes. In addition, faculty needed to prepare for the likelihood of at least some online teaching in Fall 2020. Applying a structured approach to course design for online and hybrid instruction was accomplished for the authors' courses in business administration, computer science, and information systems by reworking a framework derived from the first author's previous research. This paper explains the framework and offers examples of class projects and assignments that were effective in achieving learning outcomes for both the remainder of the online Spring 2020 and the online and hybrid Fall 2020 semester. Successes and challenges from this application and ideas for future research are discussed.

Cloud computing has grown to become an integral part of information technology (IT) infrastructure. Organizations are increasingly utilizing cloud services to deliver a variety of applications and services in conjunction with their on-premise data center environments. As such, students pursuing careers in information systems and computing need to add cloud concepts and skills to their "tool belts" to meet the demands of employers. Amazon Web Services (AWS) has the largest market share of cloud providers. This paper reports on a systems administration course at a private liberal arts institution that was re-tooled to integrate cloud computing fundamentals using AWS as a platform for hands-on labs. Cloud computing concepts paralleled content for the AWS Cloud Practitioner Certification Exam, which students took at the end of the course. The course provided necessary skills for students in their development as information systems (IS) professionals, as well as important lessons for IS and computing educators as they consider how to incorporate cloud computing skills into their curricula.

Many traditional Information Systems (IS) programs are either redesigning current courses to incorporate business/data analytics or expanding curricular offerings to include business /data analytics; our IS program chose the former route to meet the demand (from employers) for business/data analytics. In that transition, a traditional systems analysis and design (SA&D) course was redesigned to focus on the procedures and skills needed to perform business/data analytics; this required changes to the focal topical areas. In 2017-18, curricular changes transitioned a traditionally focused database systems analysis and design course to incorporate business/data analytic skills. This paper focuses on the course redesign and the new business/data analytic topics, activities, and technologies; we highlight the important shifts created to the topical areas of this course. The paper emphasizes the rationale and student outcomes generated.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the constituent parts of learning in the manufacturing work context and understand why these parts are key in the learning of the employees. Design/methodology/approach: The data was collected from two sources: a literature review of the Information Systems literature to establish an initial picture of what learning in relation to digital technologies entails and in-depth interviews with engineers in the automotive industry whose knowledge-intensive work is exposed to substantial digital transformation. Findings: The authors first identified three constituent parts for learning--change, reflection and deliberation. When the authors cross-checked the initial findings through in-depth interviews with the engineers, it was found that these three themes trigger learning through three different mechanisms, that is, balancing newness, finding point of reference and organizing actively. Thus, the findings of this paper extend beyond a categorical identification of what constitutes learning to also illustrate why learning entails these constituent parts. Research limitations/implications: This paper implies that progressive learning requires active organizing of learning stages. The data is limited to the review of the Information Systems field. The authors have also only focused on the automotive industry as the representative sector in the manufacturing industry. Practical implications: Applying the model of progressive learning can be a primary way to actively plan and organize learning opportunities for employees. This is key for supporting learning culture in organizations that are exposed to continuous and disruptive changes. Social implications: A significant part of social sustainability is based on sustainable employability and feelings of contentment at work. This paper is an attempt to highlight how sustainable employability can be achieved by providing effective learning opportunities at work. Originality/value: The originality of this paper emerges from two sources. First, the authors conducted the literature review and in-depth interviews by devising innovative methods because of the challenges of identifying when (informal) learning has occurred at work. Second, the authors owe the in-depth interviews to the first author's extensive familiarity with the automotive industry and the knowledge and rapport acquired through her prior longitudinal research on the engineers' work. It was this background that allowed the authors to find out when these engineers were about to leave the firm because of discontent about their competence development.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is twofold: to identify and map contemporary research on advanced technology implementations for problem-solving purposes in the manufacturing industry, and to further understand the organizational learning possibilities of advanced technology problem-solving in the manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach: This paper outlines a scoping review of contemporary research on the subject. The findings of the review are discussed in the light of theories of contradicting learning logics. Findings: This paper shows that contemporary research on the subject is characterized by technological determinism and strong solution-focus. A discussion on the manufacturing industries' contextual reasons for this in relation to contradicting learning logics shows that a Mode-2 problem-solving approach could facilitate further learning and expand knowledge on advanced technology problem-solving in the manufacturing industry. A research agenda with six propositions is provided. Originality/value: The introduction of advanced technology implies complex effects on the manufacturing industry in general, while previous research shows a clear focus on technological aspects of this transformation. This paper provides value by providing novel knowledge on the relationship between advanced technology, problem-solving and organizational learning in the manufacturing industry.

This paper is aimed at exploring the contributing factors for the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into higher education teaching-learning practices. For the study, a qualitative case study was used and the stakeholders from higher learning institutions were selected via purposive sampling. The data collected through interview and focus group discussions were analyzed using the QDA Miner Lite software. Information system theories such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology, Organisation, and Environment (TOE) framework guided the discussion of the results. The findings showed that there are limited ICT resources for education in Ethiopian higher learning institutions and the limited resources are not used effectively. The challenges like insufficient ICT infrastructure, lack of skill, resistance to change, wrongly perceiving ICT as an additional burden, lack of cooperative work, and lack of policy for ICT integration into teaching-learning practices are identified as the contributing factors. Based on the discussion using TAM and the TOE framework, the researchers developed a conceptual framework guiding the integration of ICT into the higher education system of Ethiopia. The research suggested that the stakeholders involved in the education sector specifically, higher learning institutions, should follow the framework developed for ICT integration into their education system.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic largely disrupted the continuity of educational delivery. Online learning was the prompt response by educators. However, this comes with a big question on the conduct of assessment. Running examinations traditionally is vulnerable to high security risks and administration costs. A precise mechanism to administer examinations from anywhere is paramount. This paper presents a novel innovative framework for an online oral examination system called OREX. The framework was tested for 31 days between July and August 2020. The system allows questions to be randomly generated, and instantly activated based on the examination timetable. The software controls pairing between examiners and candidates, balances the workload between staff, and uses a virtually enabled examination room through an audiovisual conferencing tool. The OREX framework represents an imperative and profound innovation during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides an alternative assessment system for adoption by higher learning institutions, with new insights for the sustainable digitally enabled future of education.

This design case documents the development of a new online training program to teach circuit court interns in Wise County, Virginia, how to create smart land records, or land record abstracts stored on a blockchain. The authors first describe the instructional context behind land record abstraction and the clients' original specifications for the curriculum. The authors then detail their empathic design approach, design decisions based on clients' feedback, and reflections-in-action at key points in the course's development. Major design decisions included the composition of a frame narrative to link the course modules, the reordering of the curriculum to mitigate the significant cognitive load in the training's content, and the use of both vertical and horizontal development to maintain aesthetic consistency. This paper concludes with the rationale for the evaluation plan and the establishment of a "multigenerational" partnership between the clients and new graduate students in the Instructional Design & Technology program at Old Dominion University.

Distance learning has been adopted as an alternative learning strategy to the face-to-face teaching methodology. It has been largely implemented by many governments worldwide due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the implication in enforcing lockdown and social distancing. In emergency situations distance learning is referred to as Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). Due to this dynamic, sudden shift, and scaling demand in distance learning, many challenges have been accentuated. These include technological adoption, student commitments, parent involvement, and teacher extra burden management, changes in the organization methodology, in addition to government development of new guidelines and regulations to assess, manage, and control the outcomes of distance learning. The objective of this paper is to analyze the alternatives of distance learning and discuss how these alternatives reflect on student academic performance and retention in distance learning education. We first, examine how different stakeholders make use of distance learning to achieve the learning objectives. Then, we evaluate various alternatives and criteria that influence distance learning, we study the correlation between them and extract the best alternatives. The model we propose is a multi-criteria decision-making model that assigns various scores of weights to alternatives, then the best-scored alternative is passed through a recommendation model. Finally, our system proposes customized recommendations to students, and teachers which will lead to enhancing student academic performance. We believe that this study will serve the education system and provides valuable insights and understanding of the use of distance learning and its effectiveness.

This paper contemplates the concept of "typographical advocacy," defined here as a variety of activities, strategies, and policies designed to increase or enhance language support in computing systems, facilitating typing and displaying texts in local languages. Focusing on the cases of Spanish and Paraguayan Guarani, the paper traces some existing efforts in the domain of typographical advocacy and strives to explain their dynamics. An attempt is made to examine both situations in which typographical advocacy is visible and explicit (as in the case of Spanish) and cases in which advocacy seems negligible (as in the case of Guarani). A wide range of enabling and hindering factors are examined, such as the relations between tech companies, nation-state institutions, consumers, and the habitus created by the use of technology. Through these examples, the rationale for advocacy is explored as well as alternative courses of action in cases where advocacy is not desired or fails to achieve its goals. A case will be made for raising the awareness of typographical issues in language planning and policy (LPP) both as part of broader multilingual awareness and as a tool for solving practical language problems in times of increased dependency on computing and mobile devices.

This paper provides an account of the topological and its description of contemporary culture and use as a research methodology, a topological lens, generally, and in education research specifically. Some commentary is proffered on the relationships between the topological and the topographical, between relations and locations. A critical account is then provided on each of the papers in the special issue on the topological in education research and the specific contributions of each. The editors of the special issue make the important point that the topological is a spatio-temporal phenomenon, not just a spatial one. The topological does not exist in time and space, but rather constructs both and they change in a conjoint manner. As such, a topological lens rejects a construction of space as static and of time (and the temporal) as simply linear and chronological. The topological has been facilitated and articulated by and through practices of commensuration, datafication and digitalisation, flows and scapes, global connectivities and new relations, mobilities of various kinds and multiple networks. The paper argues that much greater emphasis has been given to the spatial in topological research; that is, there has been some neglect of the temporal in the spatio-temporal character of topologies.

The use of neurophysiological measurements to advance the design, development, use, acceptance, influence and adaptivity of information systems is receiving increasing attention. Within the field of education, neurophysiological measurements have commonly been used to capture a learner's psychological constructs such as cognitive load, attention and emotion, which play an important role in student learning. This paper systematically examines the literature on the use of neurophysiological measurements in higher education. In particular, using a well-established Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, we identified 83 papers reporting empirical evidence about the outcome of employing neurophysiological measurements within educational technologies in higher education. The findings of the SLR are divided into three main themes discussing the employed measurements, experimental settings and constructs and outcomes. Our findings identify that (1) electroencephalography and facial expression recognition are the dominantly employed types of measurement, (2) the majority of the experiments used a pre-experimental design, (3) attention and emotion are the two foremost cognitive and non-cognitive constructs under investigation, while less emphasis is paid to meta-cognitive constructs and (4) the reported results mostly focus on monitoring learners' states, which are not always the same as the intended purpose, such as developing an adaptive system. On a broader term, the review of the literature provides evidence of the effective use of neurophysiological measurements by educational technologies to enhance learning; however, a number of challenges and concerns related to the accuracy and validity of the captured construct, the intrusiveness of the employed instruments as well as ethical and privacy considerations have surfaced, that need to be addressed before such technologies can be employed and adopted at scale.

As immigration polices increasingly entangle with those of higher education (HE), institutions are being positioned as migrant surveillance actors. HE's participation in state-managed international student compliance regimes (ISCRs), for example, raises political and ethical questions, including those concerning the core mission of HE. This paper traces the Canadian ISCR context over the past decade, focusing on the introduction of the Designated Learning Institution (DLI) student compliance reporting requirement in 2014. It argues that Canadian HE's role in surveilling temporary residents on behalf of the state is a problematic bordering practice. It also posits that this new form of surveillance is not necessarily a novel compromise of HE's values, but rather connected to historical patterns of HE's involvement in border imperialism. It questions the benevolence of both Canada's immigration policies towards international students and, ultimately, higher education itself.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced service providers to resort to online servicescapes across diverse industries globally. However, with the epidemic curve flattening in most parts of the world and the pandemic showing indications to phasing out, educational institutions are now operating on the continuum between blended e-learning and full-scale e-learning services. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of e-learning quality antecedents on university students' e-learning continuance intentions in Zimbabwe post the COVID-19 pandemic. The study adopted a causal research design within the positivism research paradigm. The study population were undergraduate students using e-learning at three universities in Zimbabwe. A random sampling procedure was employed to collect data. A quantitative approach validated 311 responses using covariance-based Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in SPSS AMOS. The study revealed positive and statistically significant relationships between three quality factors (system quality, instructor quality and information quality) and students' e-learning continuance intentions (p < 0.001). However, the impact of support service quality on e-learning continuance intentions was not statistically significant. The paper flags the key roles of instructor quality, information quality and system quality as key determinants of students' willingness to continue using e-learning systems in a post COVID-19 era. Universities were urged to design e-learning systems that engulf state of the art communication technology attributes to ensure robustness, flexibility, speed, security, visual appeal, compatibility, availability and user-friendliness. The study also recommends periodical reviews to motivation, resourcing, training and development strategies for e-learning instructors to enhance their delivery during e-learning service encounters.

This paper introduces a universal framework for service-based learning which provides information systems students with opportunities to gain invaluable hands-on experience. More specifically, through this framework, students can develop hard, soft, and interdisciplinary skills in preparation for their first professional careers upon graduation. In addition to introducing the framework, we provide student testimonials and feedback as well as lessons learned from our experience in efforts to prepare and help other schools interested in offering similar growth opportunities to their students to have a smooth and successful implementation.

Purpose: In the wake of the pandemic (COVID-19) throughout the United States, many educators had to promptly switch to online modality to continue to provide education to students with safety through physical distancing requirements. This study mainly focuses on delivering an Information Systems module aligned with the information systems curriculum model during a pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used data collection techniques from student assignments and course tasks. These data are used for the purpose of academic assessment for the Information Systems program. The student performance is assessed on a 5-point scale (1 being low and 5 being high) for the synchronous and the asynchronous tasks related to the course. The authors compared the student performance during the pandemic to the pre-pandemic semester. Findings: This study revealed that the technical module of an information systems course can be successfully delivered during a pandemic in a remote session. However, the authors found that there is a decline in the student performance in synchronous tasks and asynchronous tasks. But the decline of the student performance in the synchronous tasks is greater than that of the asynchronous tasks. The result of this study helps the Information Systems program with their assessment and to improve their course delivery during a pandemic. Originality/value: In this paper, the authors examine the delivery of a technical module in the field of information systems via online learning models. The authors particularly examine the synchronous and asynchronous online learning models in the delivery of the technical module. The lessons learned from transitioning to the online modality can help universities better prepare for the future during unprecedented times.

This paper investigates the core curricula of Information Systems (IS) master's programs. It examines all 532 AACSB-accredited business schools in the United States and identifies 74 IS master's programs. MSIS 2016 and other curricular models and studies are used in a research framework to survey core courses. The top three required courses are Data, Information, and Content Management, Systems Development and Deployment, and Project and Change Management. One unexpected result is that Business Intelligence/Analytics/Data Mining is now the fourth most popular core course, while Business Continuity and Information Assurance is the fifth. The results are compared to those of a 2012 study to examine IS master curricula' change over the last decade. Based on actual data on core courses being offered, a new IS master's curriculum model is developed.

Neuro-marketing, neuro-economics, and now the field of neuro-information systems (neuro-IS) is growing, and our students want to know more about it all. This paper presents the examination of the learning-needs of new entrants to the field of neuro-IS. The resulting elective course is targeted at IS undergraduate majors interested in learning about the use of neurophysiological tools in organizational settings. The course is focused on the design aspects of brain-based computer interfaces for people with disabilities and the general use of neurophysiological tools to understand human mental states better. Students read seminal papers to gain a background in the latest brain-based technology and its application to various organizations. The course material focuses on the design and usability of systems, the psychological and cognitive states of users, and the evaluation of novel technology. Students demonstrate their understanding of key concepts by designing and conducting a related research study, analyzing a case in the field, or designing their own brain-based interface. This course was taught to forty-one undergraduate students in a face-to-face format and thirty-seven in an online class using active learning principles, and the course was met with highly positive reviews. Delivering a version of the class online did not have a noticeable impact on either student performance or course evaluations.

The intensification of data collection practices in schooling -- often due to state accountability requirements -- has resulted in the widespread adoption of commercial student management systems (SMS) in schools. Drawing on a qualitative case study of a New Zealand primary school, this paper investigates its adoption of a commercial SMS, and the ways this product re-engineers schooling processes, including what student data is collected, how school decisions are made, and when work is done by staff. Through this analysis, we argue direct-to-school commercial relationships constitute a new configuration of public-private partnerships in education. We demonstrate the rise of a local education market for data management where responsibility is placed on individual schools to choose a commercial product that will interface with the needs of a public bureaucracy. We end this paper with a critical discussion about how the commercialisation of school administration affects the broader infrastructures of public schooling.

Eliciting effective requirements is vital for successful Information Systems development and implementation. Interviews with stakeholders and users are an important part of the requirements elicitation process. Thus, teaching students how to better perform requirements elicitation interviews is a critical task for information systems faculty. However, prior to this research, a common tool or rubric to evaluate the effectiveness of requirements elicitation interviews was not found in the literature. The purpose of this research was to develop a rubric that can be used to both evaluate (provide summative measures) and enhance (via formative training techniques) the requirements elicitation interviewing skills of information systems students. The results of this research provide both quantitative and qualitative evidence that the rubric developed and described in this paper substantially improved the ability of our students to conduct requirements elicitation interviews. Along with detailing the various methodologies we used, this paper provides practical pedagogical suggestions and lessons learned along with covering possible future avenues of research in this area.

It is important to ensure educational equity for students with disabilities in online courses as more courses are taught online during the pandemic. This conceptual paper describes the key barriers for instructors to implement inclusive online classes, particularly technology courses, during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggests specific strategies to mitigate the negative impact on students with disabilities. We hope that this paper will motivate more Information Technology/Information Systems (IT/IS) instructors to implement more inclusive and accessible online courses to keep all students, including students with disabilities, motivated and engaged in online environments throughout the pandemic.

Background: Medicaid enrollment and retention among eligible populations remains a challenge. Purpose: We assessed health literacy-related features and content of Internet-based state Medicaid enrollment materials and resources. Methods: In February 2021, using established tools, we evaluated paper Medicaid enrollment applications and scope of enrollment resources (on-line enrollment option, toll-free telephone assistance, live chat function, instructional and/or informational audiovisuals). Results: Forty (78.4%) English- and 28 (54.9%) Spanish-language paper Medicaid enrollment applications were available. Overall, document complexity was high as a large volume of information is required to apply for Medicaid coverage. An on-line Medicaid enrollment option was nearly universal. Medicaid government platforms were more likely to provide toll-free telephone assistance (n = 34; 66.7%) than a live chat function (n = 10; 19.6%). Eleven (n = 11; 21.6%) government platforms provided an instructional and/or informational Medicaid enrollment audiovisual resource. Discussion: Our work suggests the need for states to leverage technology in creation of resources to match language and cultural needs of the diverse US population. Translation to Health Education Practice: Access to continuous health insurance coverage, comprehensive clinical care services, and evidence-based health education programming combined are essential in promoting both individual and community health.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has put into high relief the need for better remote communication and collaboration tools, but also serves as an opportunity to focus on building community capacity and promoting greater community agency in the language documentation process. This paper describes a method for remotely supporting and monitoring a language documentation project conducted by speakers, community activists, and/or academic researchers, through the use of a free and open-source data collection platform called KoBoToolbox. Rather than relying on access to audiovisual data, which are typically large and can be difficult to share remotely, the system is based on the creation of digital linguistic metadata with mobile devices linked to a secure central server, giving project leaders the ability to immediately access metadata as it is submitted, quickly generate summary reports and visualizations, and export metadata for further processing and archiving. The system is suitable for anyone who would like to integrate mobile metadata into a new or ongoing project and is able to provide the necessary training either remotely or in person.

While education increasingly relies on social media technologies to provide richer learning experiences, the rigid and course-centric design of curricula still imposes a challenge for students to construct meaningful connections between social media and formal learning. Building on the knowledge graphs' potential to establish semantic links among data entities, this paper investigates to what extent knowledge graph-based tools help students with integrating and accessing transdisciplinary social media content in formal courses, and contribute to constructivism in online learning environments? This study proposes a framework that includes a set of tools built on a novel knowledge graph designed to help educators in exposing detailed coverage of their formal courses through explicit concepts, which can serve as building blocks for students to integrate and access transdisciplinary social media content in formal learning settings. The framework is piloted in a business school where 180 students used these tools in an information systems (IS) course. The preliminary results indicate the majority (around 68%) of materials shared and accessed by students through this framework was connected to other disciplines beyond IS, reflecting the possible creation and exploration of transdisciplinary links between social media content and formal courses. Thirty-three students were interviewed to evaluate their opinion on the tools with respect to social constructivism in online learning environments. The interviews provide initial insights on the tools' potential to promote constructivism by supporting collaborative, learner-centered, high-quality, authentic, facilitated, and interactive learning principles. The study helps students and educators better integrate and access emerging social media content in formal courses.

Competency repositories have been developed for several years with various objectives: helping to establish competency assessments, helping with recruitment, helping to build training. A repository can bring together the descriptions of several hundred competencies. However, few studies have focused on the structuring of a competency repository. In this paper, the authors propose a general model for a competency repository based on 5 principles. Two of them consist in using a composition relationship to define competencies at several levels of abstraction and a prerequisite relationship to establish prerequisites between competencies. To illustrate the model, an application in the domain of information systems design and implementation is fully developed. The proposed repository, in addition to a new structure, incorporates new competencies compared to existing IS repositories, in particular with regard to strategic management of the IS, development methodologies and techniques, interpersonal competencies, prerequisites coming from basic disciplines. This repository aims primarily to help the organization of academic and professional training and to allow the assessment of personal competencies. This initiative comes from the French network of MIAGE (Méthodes Informatiques Appliquées à la Gestion des Entreprises) masters.

This paper aims to contribute to the literature relating to the way in which numerical data in IT systems were and are used to govern the development of primary education as data provide the government with the opportunity to 'see' the system of education in a new way. Economic growth in the Western world after World War II was linked to education. New IT-based forms of technology with numerical data could help planning as there was great confidence in numerical data as objective phenomena. The article shows how the Danish Ministry of Education established a number of IT systems during the 1960s and 1970s. Data within the systems provided the Ministry with an opportunity to 'see' the system of education in a new way and thereby change the system. On a wider scale, this article contributes to the present debate on how numerical data is used to govern citizens.

Digitalisation does not only transform material constructions of workplaces and work but also social constructions for employees' interaction and learning at work. In this paper, we explore emerging challenges related to the digitalisation of workplaces aiming for an understanding of the changing prerequisites for working and competence. Our findings from a small qualitative exploratory study illustrate the complexity of the development of workplaces, characterised by strong but diffuse relationships between people, technology, and work practices. We argue that in the development of digital workplaces, a sole focus on information systems as new technology, along with training and education of their functionality is insufficient. First, the demand for new competencies in the workplace calls for understanding learning practices in everyday digital work. Second, leading the transition towards a digital workplace requires learning new leadership practices. Thus, an understanding of work rather than systems ought to be central in the future digitalisation of work, in which the systems are one part of development, not the development.

Inclusion in Information Systems (IS) has received significant attention in recent years, but inclusion in IS curriculum design and delivery is comparatively underdeveloped. Understanding and working with diversity in IS student groups has implications for how we prepare students for a diverse workplace and the design and development of IS systems. Although progress has been made towards inclusive higher education, institutions have not transformed into multicultural diverse organizations. This paper showcases an initiative to apply principles of Universal Design in the particular context of an IS postgraduate programme in a leading Irish business school. This initiative is set within the context of two connected research projects seeking to identify barriers to inclusion experienced by students generally, and particularly by certain student groups, in the same school. The findings demonstrate the persistence of inclusion issues in higher education, including in IS, that Universal Design principles are effective in developing more inclusive teaching and learning practices, and that small actions can have a big impact in this regard. A set of key recommendations is provided; while not exhaustive, these contribute to the wider discourse on inclusion and offer practical suggestions to educators on the design and delivery of inclusive programmes at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.