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The influence of 4th generation broadband cellular network technology on education is explored in this paper. With the widespread use of smartphones and tablets, students are increasingly using mobile devices to access learning resources, communicate with peers, and complete assignments. The advent of 4G technology has had a revolutionary impact on undergraduate education, transforming the way students access information and interact with course materials. With 4G, students can now quickly and easily access online resources, download and stream multimedia content, collaborate with classmates in real-time, and participate in remote learning. This technology has had a profound influence on the way education is managed today, providing faster and more efficient access to educational resources and a personalized learning experience while streamlining administrative processes and assisting teachers in instruction. 4G technology has completely revolutionized the way education is thought of and experienced, creating an open environment, interactivity, and increasingly specialized training for students and professionals alike.

India desperately needs good governance in colleges and universities so as to create a culture of innovation, and entrepreneurship so as to become and remain competitive in world market. Poor governance and poor leadership is observed to be the root cause for all ills in university education. Indian students and professors are brilliant but unfortunately they have to work today under poor governance. Governance and leadership both at central and state levels are mainly responsible for poor educational standards. It seems like all the governing bodies, namely MHRD, UGC, AICTE, Board of Governors (BOG), executive councils, are not well familiar with the global winds of change. Truly, they are behind time. No wonder, Indian universities in spite of brilliant students and brilliant professors do not stand high in the world list. Thousands of students every year are flying abroad for education. To rectify the ills and to ensure educational quality; India urgently needs to go first on priority for modernising governance systems, make them effective, imaginative and competent. They ought to engage fruitfully with the Vice Chancellors, Principals and especially listen to the voice of students. In globalization, education can best be shaped by adopting role models of only world best universities. National budget allocation to university education which creates vital human capital, which is a driving force for national development, is unfortunately observed to be dwindling. This is a major problem, and a challenge too. So as to build colleges and universities innovative, creative, and qualitative by world standards some suggestions are made in this paper. Strong leadership, distributed leadership and autonomy at the institution level is recommended. What kind of impact a professor makes on society and the profession of his/her specialization is of vital importance to take the nation to greater heights. Are professors competent by global standards? How can they be? Do the systems enable them to be so? Importance of education is outlined by Nobel Laurate Dr. Amartya Sen needs to be borne in mind. He says there is no better way for economic development of India than to educate people well. If India does not provide better education, and instead even if it implements reforms in all other sectors like food, water, electricity, etc. that is not going to matter much.

The initiatives of the Indian government towards encouraging integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in classroom teaching has made its way to the school system to a great extent. But, has the initiative added value to the teaching learning process in the true sense and are teacher education programmes responsive to these requirements is a question that draws attention to the issues of integrating ICT in classroom teaching. The present paper seeks to study the teachers' and teacher educators' ICT competencies and ICT integrated teaching practices prior to enrolling in the course 'ICT and Education', the experiences they encounter during the course of training, their reflections through their training sessions and their overall perceptions about ICT in the course of training and in general. The key findings demonstrate the opportunities and challenges faced by teachers and teacher educators in using ICT for teaching in classrooms. This paper concludes with suggestions to policy makers and institution heads to include effective practices as a result of the meaningful integration of ICT in the classrooms.

This paper focused on the analysis of test items constructed in the paper of teaching Physical Science for B.Ed. class. It involved the analysis of difficulty level and discrimination power of each test item. Item analysis allows selecting or omitting items from the test, but more importantly item analysis is a tool to help the item writer improve an item. There were 100 objective type questions in the achievement test and was administered to a sample of 100 students from B.Ed. colleges. The result of the work showed that most of the test items fall in the acceptable range of difficulty index and discrimination index. However, 17 of the test items was excluded due to very high or very low difficulty level and poor discrimination power. Purposive sampling was adopted for this study and 100 B.Ed. Physical Science students were taken from private B.Ed. Colleges in Pondicherry, India. A test of 100 items was used for data collection. Using the findings relationship between the difficulty index of each item and the corresponding discrimination index is carried out using the Pearson correlation formula. From the analysis, it was found that item discrimination power increased with the increase in difficulty value but got decreased for very easy and very difficult test items. This work is significant for the researcher in framing test items with optimum difficulty and discrimination power. The findings also show that, most of the items were falling in the acceptable range of difficulty and discrimination level, however, some items were rejected due to their poor discrimination index.

Cyberspace-related risks have increased massively due to the absence of awareness and self-resistance among Internet users to safeguard themselves. One of the vital measures to cultivate knowledge and understanding is the holistic intervention of cyber safety and security programs. Creating awareness through cyber safety and security initiatives is such a great way to address the issue in detail. It ultimately strengthens the discourse about online safety. There are a large number of awareness initiatives available worldwide that meet the requirements of the online community. This paper tries to highlight such initiatives in India to promote awareness about cyber safety and security.

India has made impressive strides in the application of information and communication technology in recent years and this has reflected in a vibrant and fast growing economy. It is now an acknowledged world leader in the knowledge industry. In this paper an attempt is made to highlight the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teacher education. A brief introduction to ICT, and the role of ICT in teacher education is herewith presented. Some suggestive ideas for designing the teacher education course are also presented. ICT is a generic term referring to technologies, which are being used for collecting, storing, editing and passing on information in various forms. Information and Communications Technologies are one of the major contemporary factors shaping the global economy and producing rapid changes in society. Research and evaluation indicate that exposure to ICTs has really changed the lives of lecturers and students in tremendous and positive ways. The teacher training institute is providing the teachers of the future and National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) assumes that teachers are the new figures in arranging learning process. At the degree level an entire paper on ICT titled "Educational Technology and Computer Education" is offered to the students.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has provided the better learning opportunities to the present teachers and learners across the world. In the era of internet, many educational resources are free and lot of free softwares are also available. In our country the basic operating system used in educational institutions are proprietary in nature and we all are dependent to that. But in past few years the Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) movement has broken the outlook of using the paid softwares. In the generation of online learning, where Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are being used by educators for transacting the curriculum based material, we need to use the available FOSS also. The Indian Government is also encouraging the usage of GNU/Linux in all the institutions. Still there are lots of barriers which are making teachers and students reluctant towards the usage of FOSS in education. So in this research paper, the authors have attempted to conduct a small scale research to find out the awareness of FOSS among school teachers along with their usage and barriers. An attempt has also been done to suggest some FOSS, which could be useful for teachers while transacting the curriculum.

Quality of higher education is a very important sector for the growth and development of human resource which can take responsibility for social, economic and scientific development of the Indian country. To achieve the outcome of enhanced quality at all levels of education, Government of India has been focusing its attention on quality and excellence in higher education and teacher education through Web based education and web based training. Today all countries have an integral vision of educational use of ICT. Many teacher education programs now include the ICT courses both in technology and its operations. The National Knowledge Commission (NKC) has recently made a few recommendations to address the importance of Web based education and to increase the amount of Open Educational Resources (OER) and Open Access (OA). In India, there are three major initiatives for creating open educational tools and resources. They are (i) NPTEL (ii) Ekalavya; (iii) E-Grid (iv) OSCAR. Many educators point out the importance of interaction in high quality online education.. For high quality education throughout India there must be some nation wide network, which provides equal quality education to all students, including the student from the rural areas and villages. The solution to this is Web-Based Education. This paper explains the Web based Learning and training with the educational portals. It discusses online teaching and its barriers and the assessments. This paper illustrates the search engines and its easy way of entering methods in WBE. A great teacher inspires first, influences next and third informs. Technology can help teachers to teach more; to reach more; and to touch more but can never totally substitute the teacher.

E-learning is a combination of learning services and technology that allow us to provide high value integrated learning any time, any place. It is about a new blend of resources, interactivity, performance support and structured learning activities. This methodology makes use of various types of technologies in order to enhance or transform the learning process, thereby achieving real business and educational value, and so reaching a larger, more diverse learner population with minimal expenditure. Due to the introduction of advanced technology, e-learning is rapidly becoming one of the top methods of educational delivery. This paper provides a comprehensive insight into the current status of e-learning education in India. In addition, it also presents findings of some of the problems, strategies and key issues in the e-learning process, while focusing on some of the emerging technologies which support e-learning. The paper also examines the effects of implementing e-learning in two organizations--the first of which deals with people with special requirements (visually handicapped), using a specific Case Study, and concludes with the growth of the population interested in education. It will also be shown that successful e-learning models can be developed and implemented in universities across the country. Finally, the paper will analyze a method which may enhance the status of e-learning in India if applied as a future prospect.

Which government does not want to generate hi-tech employment, high pay international jobs, spur industrial growth, and make education globally competitive? Then it must install research parks, incubators, Patent & IPR to facilitate commercial exploitation of sunrise technologies. Industries world over are seen flocking round the advanced knowledge centers to obtain brand new ideas for global competitiveness. Role of higher education has emerged central to industrial and economic development. Association with industry, venture capital firms, international agencies who succeeded in this cause is essential. The paper prescribes "dream big" for universities and colleges. They should aim at technology generation, technology diffusion, which is achieving high significance in enabling a nation to win. The paper emphasizes adoption of new organizational inventions like Research Park, which when implemented will contribute to India's international competitiveness. The institutions should have now to look beyond the traditional lines of teaching and learning and adapt to corporate development, and help industry to win. They should have to restructure themselves to become fountain heads of new knowledge and new technology. They should deserve the status of "Light House" for industry. People demand world class education. How can this be done? Synergy between industry and academics in this cause is vital. Parks have enhanced the scholarship of universities. They jointly can give economic and political stability to India. Will industry-institute interaction become a national priority? The paper recommends reforms in the light of experience elsewhere in the world.

The objectives of the e-content development by the UGC are; (a) Generation of e-content, in all subjects, (b) Development of teachers and experts resources in e-journal creation; (c) Distribution of the e-content to teachers and students from formal and non-formal; educational modes, for supplementing and complementing professional teaching and learning content; (d) Development of partnerships between educational institutions and the IT industry for the continuous development of new content and methodology taking into account contemporary technology. The product of e-content should be technologically friendly, learner friendly, learner-centric, teacher friendly, learner -entric pedagogy, self-evaluation, object based learning / teaching. This paper explains the course material and its content hours of the study with its remunerations. The Course Development team methodology follows eight key steps to ensure the success of any e-content project; i.e., needs assessment, front-end analysis, design, planning, development, quality assurance, implementation, evaluation and customized on-site training. India, BSNL Pune is launching "Multiplayer services" that include e-classes, among other things. Maharashtra Knowledge Corporation Ltd (MKCL) is poised to supply the content for BSNL where the relationship between the two is on a revenue sharing basis. The e-content package development team consists of instructional designer (subject matter experts (SMEs), interface designer, programmer, and audio video editor and project managers. Most e-Learning programs can be taken when needed. E-Learners can go through training sessions from anywhere, usually at anytime. Online e-content sessions are especially easy to keep up-to-date because the updated materials are simply uploaded to a serve Teachers are also review a student's scores and identify any areas that need additional training. Without a set strategy for e-content development, your program may fail. This paper also explains the advantages of e-content.

The academic achievement of any student is the result of a complex interplay of various factors, such as study habits, personality trait, and personal interest of student as well as teaching skills of concerned faculties. This paper examines the relative importance of these factors on student's academic performance. The authors have collected data from 117 college/university students studying in Gurugram. To study the factors affecting academic grades of students, the authors have used factor analysis technique. Also to investigate the impact of these factors on academic grades, the they have used Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) with dummy variable for introducing categorical variable 'gender'. Results of the analysis indicates teaching efficacy of educators, study habits, distraction factors, and family environment of student as significant predictors of academic performance of college students. Results also point towards gender difference in academic achievement of students. On average, girls achieve higher grade than boys. For the purpose of data analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) is used.

The article aims at improving the quality of higher and technical education in India to world class standard. Institutions in knowledge economy are reckoned to be the drivers of development. Indian institutions are making efforts, investing money, appointing professors, students are studying hard but due to the lack of marketing strategy, their efforts do not bring the expected results. Industries do not get new knowledge, new technology from the institutes, and they remain uncompetitive in the global market. Thousands of students with degree in hand are jobless, 25% of people live below poverty line, India remains a low income economy, with Human Development Index as low as 135. Purpose of the article is to drive deep in the minds of key people, global the winds of change. The institutions are expected to be extrovert, benchmarking the world best institutions. Professors and students have high potential and it can be developed by adopting marketing strategies. The article recommends that we should adopt them without any delay and bring fruits of development to Indian people.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are getting popularity among the stake holders of education as they are assets for the learners as well as teachers. The emergence of education hubs and the fast expansion of MOOCs is a reflection of the changing landscape of cross-border higher education. The online mode of distant education has become very easy and expedited using MOOCs. MOOCs are part of latest development in distance education benefitting learners from different locations and diverse academic backgrounds. This paper is an effort to give broader idea of perception of benefits of usage of MOOCs in Universities. Descriptive exploratory survey design was employed in the present study to answer the research questions. The study was carried out in private and government universities and institutes of higher education, selected region wise from eleven districts of Punjab, and also from the Union Territory of Chandigarh. There were a total of 67 heads 174 teachers and 1058 students who provided data for the study. The findings of the present study revealed that the percentage of government university students taking advantage of MOOCs is higher as compared to the students of private universities. Benefits and usefulness of MOOCs to students as highlighted by 68.09% private and 70% university teachers are: Wider exposure of knowledge from worldwide sources; enhancement of new techniques and skill enhancement was stated by private and government university teachers. MOOCs are required to cater the growing needs of higher education sector in development of skills. MOOCs help in bridging skill gap by providing job oriented training and skills.

India as a country has been the proponent of the Gurukul (a kind of residential school for select students) system where the 'guru-shishya' (Master - Student) method of teaching was adopted. Ever since, educational pedagogy has undergone a revolution which has primarily been technology driven with ICT at its forefront. IT firms are moving towards Social media, Mobility, Analytics and Cloud (SMAC) technologies each bringing its own set of advantages. Paper to pixel transformation encompasses cloud learning and other such ever evolving IT technologies to make education ubiquitous not limited to the confines of time and space. After the invention of the printing press which transformed education, the digital domain is now ushering in a brand-new era of learning. Digital transformation is pervasive; it can be understood as the changes that digital technology causes or influences in all aspects of human life. Digital transformation is not a destination, but a journey. Emerging technologies will cause evolution in ways of working, realigning systems and processes across systems, with the aim of adding value to the users. Digital technology enriches learning in many ways. A wealth of information and resources is also available to be tapped. 21st century known as the digital age causing disruption in almost all technological fields has also touched education in a big way. India too has implemented many policies and programmes to reclaims its lost glory of education as in yesteryears.

Multimedia offers exciting possibilities for meeting the needs of 21st century learners. Multimedia learning can be defined in a number of ways. Multimedia learning is the delivery of instructional content using multiple modes that include visual and auditory information and students' use of this information to construct knowledge. Today's students are very different from even their recently graduated peers. These students are digital natives. They live in a world in which digital technology is part of the texture of their daily lives. They have never known a world without technology. Technology is their native language and they expect to use technology in school. While some students have greater access to technology than others, computers with Internet access are now nearly universally available in schools. Internet-enabled computers and cell phones are pervasive outside of school. Use of technology by 5-18 year olds is at its highest level and is projected to increase. This increased reliance on technology combined with brain processing offers enormous potential for instruction. Research has shown us that the brain processes information using two channels--visual and auditory. When information is presented using both channels, the brain can accommodate more new information. By taking advantage of this multimodal processing capability and technology-based tools, we can dramatically enhance student learning through multimedia instruction. This document is intended to provide an introduction to the Merlot community. The paper will collect background information of multimedia, describe its usage, how it functions and key features, and provide further help to educators for integration of multimedia resources in the teaching learning process.

This paper presents a new method to improve the quality in technical education in order to meet the industry expectations. The quality of education and training being imparted in the technical education institutions varies from excellent to poor, with some institutions comparing favourably with the best in the world. Few others are suffering from different degrees of faculty shortages, infrastructure deficiencies, curricula obsolescence, lack of autonomy in academic, financial, administrative, and managerial matters, poor involvement in knowledge creation, and dissemination. Skillful manpower of high quality can play a major role in economic development and in export of technology and services, and observing the growing demand for Indian professionals particularly in the area of software and core engineering in all parts of the globe including the highly developed countries. It is necessary to give very high priority in providing quality technical education for Engineering and Technology. In order for the students to succeed, it is necessary to prepare themselves for the ever changing world of work, which means not only college readiness, but also career readiness.

Higher Education Institutions (HEI) are facing a potential challenge at questioning the means and method as to how education is delivered and learning is credited. The leading agent for this change is online learning and transfer of credit for potential employment. The aim of this paper is to look into these questions by raising the questions locally and getting the response at RK University, Rajkot, India. The responses present an answer on how fast the University is growing, how an educational institution able to adapt to this change by incorporating necessary credit to the transcript, are students ready to pay extra for this, is it noticed by the potential employer as essential skill acquired, and is HEI working in the right direction? This study compares questions with the global trend and proposes a line of action. It seems that as the students are increasingly being hooked to social media, the presence is getting reflected in their public profile enhancing the perception of stated skill. The true reflection of this will be seen after few years, especially if it solves more problems than those created in society. There is no doubt that it is building a new social association, which could never be thought to be formed earlier and now it is getting commented. This accumulation of data helps us to develop new knowledge colonies for all of us. The most detrimental factor in all these is the cult of evaluation of a fake credential. It is considered that the wisdom will prevail even above truth.

Geography as a discipline is a multi-disciplinary science which has an ability to reach out to masses through its very nature. It has an in-built affinity towards technology which has been integrated in the subject even before many other Social Science subjects adopted it. The visible collaboration of Geography with technology started during the post Quantitative Revolution period when computer was adopted for research and study of various aspects of the subject. Since then, integration of technology into the subject has come through various ways and has resulted in achieving far reaching goals. The focus of the paper primarily rests at discussing various ways in which ICT can be integrated in teaching and learning of Geography at the school level. This has been reached through tracing the origin and implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in India, its components and tools.

The computer based tests are capable of putting together a lot of interactions and fascinating question types, such as simulations, online tests, and measurement of skills, rather than simply assessing by paper-pencil tests. The computerized test result has greater standardization of test administration. The aim of this study is to seek out the awareness on computerized test among undergraduate students. Survey method has been adopted. A sample of 450 undergraduate students (226 male, 224 female) were selected from Salem district in Tamil Nadu, India. Awareness scale was used for data collection. Both descriptive analysis and differential analysis were adopted for data analysis. The results found that the undergraduate students had average level of awareness on computerized test.

The paper presents in brief the need and importance of effective, imaginative and responsible governing boards in colleges and universities, so as to ensure educational quality. BOG should engage fruitfully with the principal and activities in college/ university. UGC, AICTE have now prescribed creation of effective boards for both government and private colleges and out lined their functions, duties and responsibilities [NPIU 2012]. Quality of education in colleges is observed to be as good as the imagination and engagement of board. Discussions are made on the role and responsibility of boards for effective governance. Conclusions are drawn so as to make colleges and universities world class.

We all watch Television, read newspapers and magazines, and we also go to see films, because of different means of communications. Because, beyond the physical requirements of food and shelter, man has now another fundamental need that is the need of communication. That communication will derive and cultivate out cultural heritages. Influences of Traditional Media for the rural cultural development, the communities and individuals have utilized a wide range of media local fares, puppet shows, street theatre folk songs and ballads for social purposes and schemes for health and family welfare campaigns, also political awareness. The Internet has the same revolutionary impact-individuals and businesses can overcome geographical, cultural and logistical barriers and improve the way they live and work. The life style of people has changed due to media exposes. One of the famous reports in 2011 says the 52 million active users in India used the Net facilities. IMAI and IMRB suggests that more than 75% of Internet usage is still driven by youngsters that include young men, school and college going students. A crucial engine of cultural influence and transformation, Indian television programming now reaches 253 million households across the country. We share more things through Amazon, Google & Android, Microsoft and maybe even Facebook. People can book tickets via mobile, even pay bills through mobile and can transfer cash from one mobile to another mobile. Through books and magazines, radio and television programs, films, art and theatre, museums and historic sites, Indian culture helps us to understand and to celebrate our lives as Indians. This paper discusses the importance of cultural heritage of Indian activities and the detailed reports of influence of technology and act as a creative agent of cultural renaissance.

The Indian educational system has to meet the challenges of knowledge explosion and its requirement of increased enrolment in higher education. Computer and technology plays a pre-dominant role to meet out its challenges. Recent innovative Educational approach recommends self and sensory oriented instruction. Computer based multimedia is a tool rich enough to enhance the knowledge and skills. In the present scientific and technological age, the conventional teaching methods are not sufficient to arouse interest among the students and do not meet up to the intellectual, psychological and emotional needs of the students. A teacher being a pivot in the process of teaching and learning, knowledge of ICT and skills to use ICT in teaching-learning has gained immense importance for today's teacher. With the advent and popularisation of internet and worldwide-web (www) the world has become higher cohesive and interconnected in nature. This paper is an attempt to highlight the role of Multimedia technology in teaching learning process.

Technology offers tremendous opportunities for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of education. Students, faculty and administrators now use technology extensively in their daily activities and have become technologically literate. The trend of using e-learning as learning and teaching tool is now rapidly expanding into education. Many educators and researchers have high hopes for e-learning, believing that it would provide more access to information and communication, and would ultimately lead to a new revolution in education. This paper focuses on impact of e-learning environment on the teacher effectiveness, with reference to Personal effectiveness, Teaching skill and Research and academic activities. This study intends to find the relationship between the teacher effectiveness and the selected background variables, to identify the background variables which are contributing to the impact of e-learning on teacher effectiveness and to estimate the extent of the contribution of the background variables to the impact of e-learning on teacher effectiveness. In order to measure this researcher developed a research tool to measure the teacher effectiveness. The tool was administered to 250 teachers serving in colleges of engineering and technology and university departments. The finding of the study reveals that the teacher effectiveness of the teachers on the whole is high with the assistance of e-learning environment.

In this paper the investigators focus on the relationship between "Information Literacy" and "Institutional Climate Perception" of post graduate students. The study was conducted on four hundred Post Graduate Students' from four districts of Kerala, India. Instruments used were; "Information Literacy Inventory" and "Institutional Climate Perception Questionnaire." The study revealed that there exists positive and significant relationship between "Information Literacy" and "Institutional Climate Perception." The study also proved that there is no significant difference in correlations between Institutional Climate Perception and Information Literacy for the comparable sub samples based on Gender and Locality of the Institution.

This paper is intended as a gender issue to the rural finance practitioners. It highlights the questions that need to be asked and addressed to the gender mainstream. It will also be useful to gender experts to wish to increase their understanding on specific gender issues in rural finance through mobile services. It focuses on rural microfinance that is accessible to poor and low-income rural households and individuals. The delivery of other types of rural finance involves different challenges and issues. The lack of reliable information on gender issues makes it difficult to derive any conclusion. The mobile services are further integrated with a mobile cash application. It provides cash in the absence of banks to the isolated remote communities. So the product buyers and companies can outsource the work of the rural women and can pay the women, and in turn, enable women to buy their necessaries.

Automated essay grading or scoring systems are no more a myth, but they are a reality. As of today, the human written (not hand written) essays are corrected not only by examiners/teachers but also by machines. The TOEFL exam is one of the best examples of this application. The students' essays are evaluated both by human and web based automated essay grading system and then the average is taken. Many researchers consider essays as the most useful tool to assess learning outcomes, implying the ability to recall, organize and integrate ideas, the ability to supply, merely than identify interpretation and application of data. Automated Writing Evaluation Systems, also known as Automated Essay Assessors, might provide precisely the platform we need to explicate many of the features those characterize good and bad writing and many of the linguistic, cognitive and other skills those underline the human capability for both reading and writing. They can also provide time-to-time feedback to the writers/students which can improve their writing skill. A meticulous research of last couple of years has helped us to understand the existing systems which are based on Al & Machine Learning techniques and finding the loopholes and at the end to propose a system, which will work under Indian context, presently for English language influenced by local languages. Currently most of the essay grading systems are used for grading pure English essays or essays written in pure European languages. In India we have almost 21 recognized languages and influence of these local languages in English, is very much here. Newspapers in sometimes print like "Now the time has come to say 'albida' (good bye) to monsoon." Due to the influence of local languages and English written by non-native English speakers (i.e., Indians) the result of TOEFL exams has shown lower scores against Indian students (also Asian students). This paper focuses on the existing automated essay grading systems, basic technologies behind them and proposes a new framework to overcome the problems of influence of local Indian languages in English essays while correcting and by providing proper feedback to the writers.

In this article, author Bobby Leonard asserts that the best institutions in India today are good in Policies Systems and administration. However, the key is developing a new generation of education based workforce under the hands of a good leader. India requires transformational leaders, leaders who can transform educational systems and who are capable of building successful, globally accepted models of education with high consideration given to quality of the outcome. Herein, Leonard suggests that the critical issue is the leadership qualities of administrators and principals, their responses to change, and effective uses of technology. He goes on to discuss transformational leadership, the Transformation Leadership Matrix, and how transformational leadership correlates to a strategic framework. Leonard concludes that in order to put India on the global education map, it needs leaders who can change, are powerful in aligning their vision, can wade smoothly through complex situations, and are willing to explore themselves.

Transactional Analysis (TA) of teaching and learning process reveals actions and reactions triggered from the ego-states of teacher and learner. The teacher has to switch between these ego-states to achieve effective communication and learning results. Ego-states of teacher and learners are worth studying in the context of e-learning, as the e-learning system has to emulate the teacher's behavior. Present problem is how to integrate the behavior of teacher in the system. This paper presents the behavioral models of interactions between teacher and learner. The case study of Indian Scripts Typing Tutor software is presented to show how some of these behaviors are modeled and incorporated with consideration of egostates. It has helped in the design of interface metaphor, interaction, dialogs, color schemes etc. Indian Scripts Typing Tutor is being developed for school children and adult learners.