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Abstract Background Early recognition and response to deteriorating patients in general wards are core competencies for nurses. Clinical deterioration is a worsening condition that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Although objective measures are commonly used, recent research suggests that subjective data and nurses’ intuitions can serve as valuable indicators for early detection of deterioration in patients. This study aims to comprehensively identify and classify the indicators used to detect clinical deterioration in patients hospitalized in general wards from nurses’ perspectives. Methods This is a mixed-methods systematic review followed a Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology convergent integrated approach. Four electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus) were searched. Studies were screened based on the population of interest (nurses), the phenomenon of interest (patient deterioration), the context (adult care in acute hospital settings), the study type (original studies), and publication in English peer-reviewed journals from January 2014 to December 2023. Two authors independently conducted all screening steps and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion. This review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Results Twenty-one studies met the eligibility criteria. Key indicators included vital signs, intake and output, laboratory data, and observational data. Nurses also relied on subjective data from patients’ complaints and their own intuition to predict patient deterioration. The frequency and pattern of specific nursing interventions also play an important role. Conclusions This review identified vital indicators from nurses’ perspectives, underscoring the value of subjective observations, intuition, and specific nursing interventions in predicting patient deterioration. Integrating subjective factors with objective data can improve early recognition of and response to clinical deterioration, thereby enhancing patient safety and outcomes. This review provides a foundation for future research aimed at quantifying subjective elements, such as patient complaints and nurses’ intuitions, to be included in nursing records as key indicators for predicting patient deterioration. Trials registration This study was registered with PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42024552344.

A comprehensive statistical analysis of energy poverty indicators is undertaken in the present paper, in an attempt to further understand the roots and results of the problem in Greece. Specifically, time-series data sets were analysed using various objective indicators, i.e. 10%, 2M, 2M EXP, M/2, M/2 EXP, as well as subjective indicators. Chi-square tests of Independence were performed and binary logistic regression models were developed to predict energy poverty (indicators of 10%, 2M and M/2), based on critical socio-economic factors. The logit model based on the 10% indicator presented the highest performance, reaching 32%. According to this model, the types of households mostly exposed to energy poverty were single families with dependent children and households located in Macedonia, increasing the relative probability of energy poverty by 7.0 and 6.5 times per unit, respectively. The outcomes derived can help policy-makers towards designing more targeted policies for tackling energy poverty in Greece.

The paper studied the phenomenon of energy poverty in the Municipality of Agrafa, a mountainous region of Greece, aiming to enhance knowledge on the phenomenon within mountainous areas. For this purpose, a primary survey was undertaken, and various objective and subjective indicators were monitored. It was found that 62.4% of households in Agrafa are classified as energy poor according to the 10% index based on actual energy costs, while the percentage escalates to 91.3% based on required costs. Also, the compression of energy needs emerges as a significant side of the problem. The subjective indicators highlight supplementary behavioural aspects of the phenomenon. A set of statistical tests was applied, i.e. cluster analysis, Chi-square tests of independence and regression analysis, enriching the outcomes of the research. Finally, the directions of energy policy are evaluated, highlighting the need for targeted research and policy measures adapted to mountainous areas.

Relevance. The article is devoted to the issue of scientific measurement of the quality of life of the population. The relevance of this issue is determined by the need to overcome the differences in modern science in the interpretations of the concept of «quality of life». The aim: systematization of research concepts of quality of life in sociology and related sciences. Methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature. Results. The novelty of the work lies in the formulation of a universal, integrative definition of the concept of «quality of life», which would not contradict the interpretations existing in scientific practice, but, on the contrary, synthesize them. The following definition is proposed: quality of life is a comprehensive subjective-objective characteristic of the existence of society, which is expressed in the level of satisfaction of its current needs and can be measured both by objective indicators of the adequacy of resources to satisfy the needs of society, and by subjective assessments of the level of satisfaction of their own needs by members of this society. As a result of a detailed study and systematization of various concepts of quality of life, the author concludes that there are two main scientific ways of measuring this phenomenon – subjective and objective. The reasoning of the conclusion is given that the subjective way of measuring the quality of life of the population is to measure its social well-being (subjective well-being, satisfaction with the quality of life, level of happiness, or harmony), and the objective way of measuring the quality of life of the population is to measure the standard of living. Findings. The distinction between subjective and objective methods of measuring the quality of life of the population allows not only explaining the reasons for the discrepancies in the definitions of the concept of «quality of life», but also proposing a universal definition. Refining the measurement method when designing quality of life indicators avoids confusion in interpretations, and to achieve the most accurate measurement result, subjective and objective indicators must be analyzed. To systematically measure the quality of life of the population, a comparison of objective and subjective indicators is necessary. Objective indicators are an external (expert) assessment of the adequacy of resources that are necessary to meet the needs underlying a high quality of life, and subjective ones as a measure of how these needs are met in terms of their carriers. A minimum list of necessary and mandatory areas for assessing the quality of life is proposed, taking into account its objective and subjective nature: work, financial situation, age, family, personal desires, social status, education, state. It is assumed that such a system of indicators not only allows taking into account the subjective-objective nature of the phenomenon of quality of life as an indicator of the degree of satisfaction of human needs, but also makes it possible to make a full comparison of the results of measuring the quality of life of different subjects.

The phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the whole globe, the consequences of which are long lasting and difficult to estimate. The Republic of Moldova, being a developing country, could not overcome these serious consequences, caused by the reduction of public health, the reduction of the work capacity of the population, the deplorable condition of the medical system, caused by small investments in health, etc. Human society has been put to hard tests of survival of patients with this virus, the incidence rate of diseases was about 11%. Thanks to the financial aid of the European Union, Romania and other countries, the Republic of Moldova managed to cope with things in the fight against Covid. This article presents the results of the research of the authors, participants of the national project "Assessment of health of post – COVID - 19 patients in the Republic of Moldova", which aimed to develop the Electronic Register of patients with Covid - 19 (March 2020 - June 2021), which will allow monitoring the process of treatment and recovery of the consequences of this disease, by assessing the state of health and quality of life both at admission and at discharge of the respective patients. Based on the concept of quality of life as a socio-economic category and its interconnections with health, the authors proposed the system of medical indicators to assess the health and quality of life of patients affected by covid. In the authors' opinion, a special role in the treatment and treatment of comorbidities belongs to comorbidities, so the authors selected them as separate study subjects to prove their negative impact on the form of the disease and the state of health and quality of life at discharge of patients.

The built environment has great influence over the sustainability of societies as well as over people’s quality of life. Quality of life (QoL) is a broad concept that has different definitions across diverse bodies of knowledge. The social–cultural environment and the characteristics of the built environment influence people’s perception of QoL. This study aims to identify and analyse the factors that impact QoL and sustainable development in the urban context. A systematic literature review was developed to understand QoL concepts and to identify urban indicators that contribute to the multidimensional evaluation of urban QoL. The results include (1) a holistic overview of QoL concepts and indicators; (2) the proposal of a holistic urban QoL concept; (3) the identification of urban QoL dimensions and indicators that contribute to urban QoL evaluation. The main contribution of this study is its discussion of the multidimensional nature of QoL, including objective and subjective dimensions.

The paper will discuss the characteristics of transition in adulthood of young people with mental health problems. Foreign, and especially domestic scientific research on how these young people reach adulthood and whether they differ from their clinically invisible peers, is extremely rare. Therefore the aim of our analysis was to describe the characteristics of the way young people with the diagnosis of mental disorders grow up. In constructing the conceptual framework of the study we proceeded from the integrativesystemic model of transition. This is a model that respects the so-called, structural, as well as subjective markers of adulthood. The first group consists of objectively visible indicators of the place on the growing-up scale. The second group of indicators relates to the degree of the subjective independence of the young person from his/her parents. Our main research assumption is that along with gaining the structural indicators of growing up, the subjective independence of young people is increasing. The sample included 50 respondents - users of psychiatric services at the Daily Hospital of the Institute of Mental Health in Belgrade. The data were collected via a questionnaire and processed by statistical methods. Findings have shown that the respondents are highly dependent on their parents: in financial, residential, and emotional respects. The transition of these young people to the adulthood is difficult, and what is particularly concerning is that, compared to the younger people, the older respondents in the sample are more dependent on their parents in all analyzed indicators of the place on the growing-up scale. Further research should deal with the causes and consequences of the ongoing and/or discontinued growing-up process of young people diagnosed with mental disorders.

This article examines approaches to defining and measuring quality of life. Each approach to measuring the quality of life contains information that is not contained in the other measures. It describes the economic, subjective and social indicators. The strengths and weaknesses of those indicators are also analyzed.

In recent decades, the quality of life has been one of the many topics of interest to scientific researchers, planners and governments. Since the socio-cultural and environmental factors influence quality of life, there are different levels of subjective indicators for quality of life in different societies. Also, to this important debate, the lack of scientific research in the study area and ethnicity there with their special features in this region, by using descriptive and analytical studies relying on documents, the subjective indicators of quality of life in South Jafarbay (Turkmen county) have been investigated. The traditional culture of Turkmen people in the study area with their specific social, religious and livelihood characteristics was one of the reasons of selecting this issue. Unlike the results of other researchers across the country, these people believe they are living a desirable life. They also believe that achieving higher levels of well-being generally requires moving away from the beliefs and their ethnic – cultural characteristics. In this regard, eight dimensions of life quality including education, health, security, environment, infrastructure, employment and income, leisure time and social cohesion and interaction have been taken into consideration and the questionnaires for collecting field data was provided. Also, to understand the factors affecting quality of life, 11 independent variables including age, education, number of people employed in the household, facilities, household income, assets, housing built up area, attachment to the rural and regional environment, and specific ethnic-cultural features were examined. The reliability of questionnaires was assessed about 0.9 using Cronbach;#39s alpha. Based on stratified sampling, 8 villages out of 17 in the district were selected. The villages were selected based on potential model (for development classification) and totally 228 questionnaires were distributed. The results of the questionnaires using field study and statistical tests such as one-sample T test, Pierson mean and correlation were analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that despite the subsistence and enjoyment of the facilities in the area was relatively low, but because of some reasons such as Turkmen traditional culture and social characteristics, religion and their livelihood, attachment to their ancestral places and also properties of introversion and isolationism, these deficiencies seem relatively low. So it can be said that the more the influence of ethnic features and adherence to Turkmen culture in the people of the area, the more their satisfaction level based on subjective indices of quality of life.

In this paper the objective and subjective measures (objective and subjective indicators) of the concept of quality of life research have been discussed. Since the measures are specific, the most part of the paper discusses separately their development and their methodological specifics. At the end of the paper the value of their joint use in the research has been emphasised. Both kinds of measures have their advantages and disadvantages, but in conceptual sense they are complementary. The quality of life is a complicated and multileveled construct which requires complex research approaches. Research has proved that parallel use of both kinds of indicators significantly improves comprehension of the quality of life of inhabitants of a certain geographical area.

This paper analyzes poverty in Brazil, measured by objective indicator of per capita income and subjective indicators of income and food insufficiency. Analyses highlight spatial differences, both differences between States and differences between urban and rural areas. Analyses are based on results of the Brazilian Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2002/2003 and 2008/2009. Overall, results show a substantial reduction of the level of poverty in Brazil, specially for those related to more severe conditions of income and food insufficiency and in the more vulnerable regions. Analyses also suggest that people with similar income are more likely to declare income and food sufficiency in rural areas, although the percent of insufficiency is higher in the rural areas.