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Purpose – This study evaluated the determinants of augmented reality (AR) adoption in Malaysia's travel and tour operator sectors through an integrated technology-organization-environmental (TOE) and diffusion of innovation (DOI) model. Design/methodology/approach – The TOE and DOI were considered the primary theoretical models but are combined and extended by including few additional variables. Data were collected from 220 respondents of travel and tour operating businesses in Malaysia and analyzed by applying PLS structural equation model technique. Findings – The empirical results established that perceived cost, relative advantages, complexity and compatibility, observability, competitor pressure, value alignment, customer pressure, and trialability are positively connected with the behavioral intention except for external support. The results reveal that value alignment partially mediates the association between relative advantages and behavioral intention, complexity and behavioral intention, compatibility and behavioral intention, perceived cost and behavioral intention except in between trialability and observability. Originality/value – This research is unique as the value alignment construct is included in the model, and thus it fulfills the literature gap by adding the mediation construct. This study contributes to enhancing AR's understanding of the Malaysian travel and tour operator industry through the lenses of owners or managers. It offers an integrated model that combines the TOE and DOI models, rare in this sector, and can be replicated or extended with validated scales.

Cooperative-based Islamic retail businesses need to measure and improve their service performance to increase customer satisfaction to be superior in competitive markets. The adaptation of the SERVQUAL (service quality) measurement to the RSQS (retail service quality scale) scale has no sharia and co-operative dimensions. Therefore, the RSQS scale needs to be adapted to be SC-RSQS (Sharia_Co-operative_Retail Service Quality Scale) with the addition of sharia and cooperative dimensions. This adaptation has been validated by the panel of experts. On the other hand, SERVPERF (service performance) serves as a solution to the SERVQUAL weaknesses in measuring service performance. Satisfaction- and dissatisfaction-causing factors can be classified using Kano’s Model. Records of consumer desires are needed to qualitatively fill deeper substances, which are analyzed using coding analysis. The integration of SC-RSQS in SERVPERF and Kano’s Model was emphasized in this paper and was clarified using the coding analysis of customer records. This paper aimed to measure service performance, categorize customer requirements, and identify things that need to be considered in improving the performance of the 212 Mart cooperative retail store service in South Jakarta, Indonesia. The results show the level of satisfaction of cooperative members as the main consumers of this business is lower than non-cooperative members, 87% of customer requirements are in one-dimensional category, and the potential for customer dissatisfaction is higher than the potential satisfaction. 212 Mart must give cooperative members greater benefits than non-cooperative members, be more sensitive in providing services, and try to be more communicative with customers, especially cooperative members.

This research investigates the role of data science in understanding customer behavior and enhancing sales, focusing specifically on the application of Apriori and FP-Growth Algorithms at a retail store, Deli Point, in Labuan Bajo. It illuminates the impact of 'rubbish data' on transactional data analysis, emphasizing the need for robust data cleaning procedures to ensure accurate results. Utilizing the faster FP-Growth Algorithm, the study effectively analyzed customer purchasing patterns to identify optimal product combinations for sales improvement. It discovered that 'parsley local' and 'mint flores' items had the highest support with a value of 0.036, indicating that strategic placement of these items together could enhance sales. The rule between chicken leg bone, orange sunkist, and chicken breast boneless was found to have a high confidence value and a lift value higher than 1, implying a higher potential for these items to be sold when positioned near each other. This study contributes to understanding consumer behavior and provides insights for enhancing sales and competitiveness in the retail industry. An association rule involving 'chicken leg bone’, 'orange sunkist', and 'chicken breast boneless' demonstrated high confidence and a lift value above one, suggesting significant sales potential when these items are grouped together. This study not only contributes valuable insights into retail consumer behavior and effective product placement strategies but also underscores the transformative role of data science in optimizing sales and boosting competitiveness in the retail sector.

Point of Sale (POS) system in the business field, especially in the field of sales in retail stores is needed. This is because POS can replace business processes from conventional to systemized using electronic devices, namely computers. Toko Kafindra currently has not implemented a computerized business process. Therefore, this research implements a POS that can help Toko Kafindra in facilitating the management of business processes so that the retail store business can grow rapidly. This research uses a prototype model to facilitate the identification of user needs for the system to be built. The results showed that the Kafindra Store POS not only made it easier for the owner to know the outgoing goods but also could make it easier for the owner to know the incoming goods using the system of purchasing goods to suppliers. In addition, based on the results of the blackbox test on the system, the test results are valid and the system functions properly

AbstractProduct portfolio analysis is a critical aspect of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) strategic planning and decision-making. It helps SMEs assess their existing product offerings, identify areas for improvement, and make well informed decisions about which products to keep, discontinue, or add to their portfolio. This type of analysis is crucial for SMEs as it enables them to optimize their product mix, allocate resources effectively, and respond to market changes, thereby ensuring growth and profitability. The objective of the research is to present a new product portfolio analysis tool that SMEs with a more efficient and effective way of evaluating their product offerings paying attention to those that cause a negative impact on performance. The Contribution Margin and Quantity Matrix (CMQ matrix) enables SMEs to gain a deeper understanding of their product mix, identify areas for improvement, and make informed decisions about which products to keep, discontinue, or add to their portfolio. This can lead to increased efficiency, better resource allocation and increased competitiveness, ultimately contributing to the success and profitability of the SME. The proposed instrument allowed decisions to be made after being applied in the analysis of the product portfolio of a retail store. The application of the proposed matrix allowed the analysis and decision making in relation to the product portfolio of an SME, facilitating an improvement in the performance indicators of the products studied.

In today's world, where consumption is increasing rapidly, the designs of retail stores have gained importance with the increasing competition between institutions. One of the most predominant factors in the contact of the store with the customer is the spatial quality, which reveals the ability of the spatial features to meet user expectations. The study aims to determine the spatial quality indicators in retail stores and to expose the relationship between the importance and performance perception of these criteria among user groups. For this purpose, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), which has been a user-participated method and has powerful advantages in measuring service quality, was used in the study. In the first stage of the study, we determined the spatial quality indicators (functional, technical, and aesthetic) and sub-indicators by a literature review. The second stage is fieldwork performed in the determined study area, Koçtaş. At this stage, visual data of the study area was obtained, and 119 people (97 customers and 22 personnel) participated in the survey. In the third stage, IPA was used in analyzing the data. In the fourth stage, results were evaluated by supporting the visuals of the space. As a result of the study, the store was weak, especially in terms of aesthetic indicators, and significant differences were perceived by users between the importance and performance of spatial performance indicators. The study will lead up for research on examining the relationship between importance and performance in spaces with different functions by including the user in the process of determining and improving spatial quality.

Efficiency management is increasing its importance in the improvement of the chain sustainability. As such, this study aims to assess the performance efficiency of retail stores in fashion industry. The integrated approach of Delphi and DEA techniques was employed to address the performance efficiency assessment problem. The Delphi method was used to define the input and output variables, whereas the DEA was applied to evaluate the performance efficiency. The proposed approach was then applied into a fashion company in Hochiminh city of Vietnam to assess its retail chain performance. The results showed that labour, operational costs, size of store, number of customers, and sales revenue are considered as input and output variables in the retailing performance efficiency evaluation. Besides, it is also concluded in the study that most of efficiency retail stores are located in the dynamic districts and the efficient stores can be at any size. The proposed approach verifies its usefulness in the retailing sector. Therefore, it can be applied to the performance efficiency of retail stores in all industries. In terms of theoretical contribution, the input and output variables proposed in this study may devote to the literature in the concept and assessment of the performance efficiency. Moreover, comprehensive and multi-variable assessment of retailing sector may bring lots of benefits not only to the decision-making units but also the authorities or association with constraint funds.

Aim/purpose – Olfactory marketing is a phenomenon that is in the current trend of usage by marketing experts to ensure that consumers are more involved in the purchase decision-making process. This paper aims to review the studies involved in consumer purchase intentions influenced by fragrance and develop a framework for modeling consumer responses.

In today’s competitive retail environment, retailers struggle in order to increase their sales and to carry their brands to the wider masses. The best way to achieve this purpose is to consider the significance of visual merchandising. Ries (2012) asserts that aesthetics within the retail environment not only affect shopper comfort level but can influence employee morale and productivity. It helps the retailers constructing a strong and positive image for their store. V.M is the process through which a retail store’s display of products is made appealing, attractive, and enticing to the customer, not only as a stimulus to enter the store, but to create an impression in the customer’s mind. Van den Bosch, De Jong and Elving (2005) argue that visual messages in corporate communication benefit the organization in the visibility, distinctiveness, authenticity, transparency, and consistency of corporate identity. Thus, window displays with various visual messages of the corporation are assumed to have the responsibility of communicating corporate identity. Westcott Alessandri, (2001) argue that visual presentations can consistently bridge the corporate mission and corporate identity. Topalian, (1984) argue that VM supports effective corporate communication as it comes with the deep understanding within the company in terms of what the corporation is and what the corporation stands for. The purposes of the paper are to investigate the importance of visual merchandising as a mean of communication, and to analyse how visual merchandising communicates the corporate identity for the store. The significance of the paper to contribute towards understanding the persuasive effect of visual merchandising in making the first impression, representing and promoting the corporate identity. The major results of the paper are: V.M is a retail strategy that maximizes the aesthetics of a product with the intent to increase sales, the V.M remains an important channel of corporate marketing communication.

The Internet of Things (IoT) or Internet of everything gives new opportunities to retailers by linking each consumer with the retail facility and the activities it performs in the purchasing process by connecting to Internet and combining physics and the virtual world. In the modern world, the amount of business data is growing steadily, raising the question of how to manage it main occupation of retailers. The key factor in introducing Internet of Things in retail is reducing costs. Internet of things in retailing is the connection between physical sales facilities and products and the virtual world of retailers and consumers. Implementation of Internet of Things involves application of technology in retail store, use of mobile devices by consumers, interaction with the consumer, the availability of data on the cloud or on social networks, as well as the backend system, the infrastructure for collecting, monitoring, storing and processing data.

Small grocery stores are forced to look for ways to retain customers. One possibility is through collaboration with suppliers. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the forms of collaboration between small Czech grocery stores and suppliers and to specify the differences in this collaboration depending on store location and the possible affiliation of the store with a retail chain. To achieve this goal, quantitative research was carried out among 65 Czech retail stores using face-to-face interviews with predetermined questions. Collaboration was assessed on the basis of four criteria defined by the authors. It was found that the most frequently occurring element of collaboration was the provision of trade credit to retailers – less often, long-term contracts and synchronization of replenishment. The least used was information sharing. The research results show that the form of collaboration is significantly affected by customer value. Therefore, the level of collaboration can be improved by building horizontally interconnected retail chains. The paper enriches theoretical knowledge by specifying possible elements of collaboration between small retail stores and suppliers and mapping the frequency of their implementation.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has a lot to offer and contribute to the retail industry, from the innovations in retail store experience to the increased efficiency in the store management and supply chain optimization. On its way to real-world applications, Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) became the main enabler for the final IoT deployment. However, to improve the technology performance even further, it is important to overcome the fundamental limitations of its physical layer and, consequently, to better understand how to use the technology in an optimal way. The analysis provided in this paper employs the simulation/measurement study on RFID technology advancement and the influence of radio propagation in a realistic model of the retail environment. The results are provided for different types of the retail layouts and materials that influence tag responsiveness.

The main objective of this article is the calculation of the Huff Model and the comparison of obtained data with the questionnaire survey results. Afterwards, we will try to assess the validity of this theoretical model of shopping probability for practical use as well as its overall objectivity. Calculation of the Huff Model of Probability will be calculated for nine large-scale retail stores in fifteen local regions within the area of the third largest town in the Slovak Republic - Prešov. These results will be compared to results of the questionnaire research which was conducted during the period of November 2013 until March 2014 on a sample of 1,096 respondents. The questionnaire was addressing customers' preference for various large-scale stores as well as their place of residence. Based on the calculation results and the results obtained from the questionnaire survey, cartographic outputs were created, pointing out overall consistency as well as differences in the already mentioned results.

Technological development and the process of globalization influence the increase of customers' awareness. In these circumstances they are becoming more demanding, expecting retailers to offer them the right product at the right time and at the right place. The result is one of the basic tasks of retailers, which reflects in providing an adequate level of product availability in retail stores. In order to prevent the stock-out situation, special attention should be dedicated to its identification and measurement. These operations are very important for establishing and implementing other various measures for increasing product availability and thus sales and competitiveness of retail companies. In this regard, besides theoretical considerations of product availability, we presented the basic methods for its measurement. Also, by using the sample of six Fast Moving Consumer goods categories, we applied the method based on the analysis of POS data. In addition to identifying the out-of-stock rates, we confirmed the results of other studies that product availability varies among different categories and retail stores.

This paper has developed and deployed a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon-based indoor positioning system in a two-floor retail store. The ultimate purpose of this study was to compare the different indoor positioning techniques towards achieving efficient position determination of moving customers in the retail store. The innovation of this research lies in its context (the retail store) and the fact that this is not a laboratory, controlled experiment. Retail stores are challenging environments with multiple sources of noise (e.g., shoppers’ moving) that impede indoor localization. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work concerning indoor localization of consumers in a real retail store. This study proposes an ensemble filter with lower absolute mean and root mean squared errors than the random forest. Moreover, the localization error is approximately 2 m, while for the random forest, it is 2.5 m. In retail environments, even a 0.5 m deviation is significant because consumers may be positioned in front of different store shelves and, thus, different product categories. The more accurate the consumer localization, the more accurate and rich insights on the customers’ shopping behavior. Consequently, retailers can offer more effective customer location-based services (e.g., personalized offers) and, overall, better consumer localization can improve decision making in retailing.

In the conditions of growing competition, retail companies seek to minimize the efforts of consumers in the purchase process. In addition to the affordable price offer, one of the main demands placed upon them refers to the provision of adequate levels of product availability. However, the out-of-stock still remains one of the most common problems, not only for consumers, but for retailers and their suppliers, as well. As effects of this problem primarily depend on consumer reactions, special attention is dedicated to the factors that affect them. In this regard, in the article the emphasis is on the impact of loyalty on two groups of consumers' reactions in OOS situations. The results have shown that this factor has a positive impact on consumers' decisions to realize the purchase, despite the unavailability of the desired product. Therefore, in order to reduce the negative effects of the out-of-stock problem, retail companies need to focus on customer loyalty, factors that influence it and the effects that it produces.

Work-family balancing (WFB), usually associated with women, is affected by scheduling, flexibility of working arrangements, organizational support, and other workplace parameters. Following a request from the women’s committee of a union confederation, we analysed retail work done on unpredictable, variable, extended schedules. Among other procedures such as workplace observations and study of company registers, we performed cluster analysis on the schedule choices of 247 male and 303 female staff.We found that: 4 clusters characterized schedule preferences; men and women were not uniformly distributed across clusters; choices varied within a gender. Diversity of choices was sufficient to allow the employer in principle to match preferences to schedules, but the employer showed little interest in WFB or gender equality. We conclude that cluster analysis lends itself to ergonomic analysis and to strategic intervention. We discuss its advantages and disadvantages for promoting workplace equality.