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In order to determine the damage law of narrow coal pillars in the roadway along the goaf, taking the 4-5(06) working face of a mine in Xinjiang as the research object, the 3D finite difference software FLAC3D is used to analyse the stress and displacement distribution characteristics of narrow coal pillars in the mining process. The results show that the internal stress of the coal pillar reaches the peak when the narrow coal pillar advances from 11m to 12m, and the coal pillar is subjected to the pre-supporting pressure, the range of the rupture zone is increased, and the bearing capacity is obviously reduced. When the working face advances 65m, the displacement in the coal column reaches a peak, and the deformation of the coal column is more serious. The field test results show that the damage law of the narrow coal pillars in the working face mining process is basically consistent with the simulation results. After the bolts, the cable-stayed anchor cable and the shotcrete, the deformation of the narrow coal pillar is in a controllable range, and the safety production requirements of the working face are realized.