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The effects of different water flow rates and feed training on the production of "pacamã" Lophiosilurus alexandri juveniles were evaluated. In the first experiment, nine day post-hatch larvae (n= 2,400) were stocked at a density of 5 larvae/L. Different water flow (F) rates were tested: F1 = 180; F2 = 600; F3 = 1,300; and F4 = 2,600mL/min. Artemia nauplii were offered as food during the first 15 days of active feeding. In the second experiment for feed training, 720 juveniles (total length of 22.2mm) were stocked at a density of 1.5 juveniles/L. A water flow rate similar to F1 was used. The use of extruded dry diet was tested, and feed training was done with and without other enhanced flavors (Artemia nauplii or Scott emulsion). The water flow rates did not influence the survival or growth of L. alexandri. Cannibalism occurred during feed training. The worst survival, specific growth rate and high mortality were found with the use of extruded dry diet, while similar values were registered with the different feed training diets used. Reduced water flow rate can be used to lower water consumption during larviculture and feed training of L. alexandri.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da densidade de estocagem e da salinidade da água, na larvicultura do pacamã Lophiosilurus alexandri, alimentado com náuplios de Artemia sp. Foram utilizadas três densidades de estocagem: 20, 40 e 60 larvas L-1 (D20, D40 e D60, respectivamente). Para cada densidade testaram-se três índices de salinidade da água: água doce (S0), 2‰ (S2) e 4‰ (S4), em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x3, com três repetições. Foram analisados: crescimento, sobrevivência, mortalidade, canibalismo, produtividade e níveis de amônia não ionizada. As concentrações de amônia não ionizada foram maiores nas densidades D40 e D60. Aos dez dias de alimentação, o peso foi afetado negativamente em D40 e D60 associado à maior salinidade da água (S4). A maior sobrevivência foi obtida no tratamento D20S2, enquanto os menores valores foram registrados em relação à salinidade S4, independentemente da densidade testada. Foram verificadas baixas taxas de mortalidade e ausência de canibalismo. A produção de juvenis também foi influenciada pelos fatores avaliados. Larvas de L. alexandri podem ser criadas, durante os dez primeiros dias de alimentação exógena, em água doce ou a 2‰ com maior produção de juvenis na densidade D60.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of stocking density and water salinity levels on Lophiosilurus alexandri (pacamã) larvae rearing fed with Artemia sp. nauplii. Three stocking densities were used: 20, 40 and 60 larvae L-1 (D20, D40 and D60, respectively). For each density, three different levels of salinity were tested: freshwater (S0), 2‰ (S2) and 4‰ (S4), in a completely randomized design, in a 3x3 factorial scheme, with three replications. The growth, survival, mortality, cannibalism, production and nonionized ammonia levels were evaluated. The nonionized ammonia levels were higher at D40 and D60. At 10 days of feeding, the weight was affected negatively in D40 and D60 associated to higher water salinity (S4). The higher survival was verified in D20S2 treatment, while smaller values were found in S4, regardless of the density used. Small mortality rate and no cannibalism were observed. The juvenile final production was also influenced by the evaluated variables. Larvae of L. alexandri can be reared, during the first ten days of exogenous feeding, in freshwater or slightly saline water (2‰) with higher juvenile production at density D60.