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Background: Complementary feeding is the corner stone of child’s nutrition. Most malnourished children had their predicament originating from the period of transition from breast-feeding to family diet. Objectives: To determine the complementary feeding practices and nutritional status of young children in Gwiwa community. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Gwiwa community, Wam- makko LGA, Sokoto State between January and June, 2018. Three hundred and ten mothers with their children aged 6 – 36 months were interviewed using structured interviewer administered questionnaire and the children’s nutritional status was assessed using WHO classification of malnutrition. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0.A pvalue ≤0.05 was taken as significant Results: One hundred and forty (45.2%) respondents were aged 15 – 24years and 168(54.2%) were of low socio- economic class. There were 190 males and 120 females with 66 (21.3%) children exclusively breast fed for 6months. The mean age of cessation of breast feeding was 17.8 ±3.6 months. One hundred and sixty-nine (54.5%) children commenced complementary feeding at 6 - 8month of age with the mean age of 5.7(±2.6) months. One hundred and eighty- four (59.4%) used plain pap with 41.2% fed more than 3 times per day. Eighty – two (26.5%), 56(18.1%) and 76 (24.5%) children were under weight, wasted and stunted respectively. Conclusion: The complementary feeding practices were suboptimal in this community and might explain the poor nutritional status of their under fives. Efforts should be geared towards optimal complementary feeding practices in this community.

Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is an herbaceous spice that is grown worldwide, including in Ethiopia. To date, only small numbers of improved varieties of black cumin seeds have been produced by farmers in Ethiopia, and their composition has not been studied. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the composition of such improved varieties since black cumin seeds are often affected by geographical differences, climate, soil, harvesting and storage. This study investigated the nutritional and ant-nutritional composition of Improved Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seeds and the physicochemical properties and antioxidant profiles of the oil. All the analyses were conducted according to official standard procedures with grade chemicals and reagents. The results of the study showed that the proximate composition (mg/100 g dwb) significantly (P

This study investigated the nutritional, antinutritional, functional, and antioxidant properties of six different soybean seed varieties collected from the Bako Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Ethiopia. The proximate composition of the soybean seed varieties varied significantly from one variety to another. The moisture content ranged from 8.44 to 9.66 g/100 g dry weight basis, crude protein ranged from 35.31 to 47.63 g/100 g, crude fat ranged from 17.53 to 23.75 g/100 g, crude fiber ranged from 5.85 to 11.43 g/100 g, crude ash ranged between 3.4 to 4.8 g/100 g, utilizable carbohydrate ranged from 4.16 to 27.19 g/100 g, and gross energy ranged from 409.82 Kcal/100g to 429.98 Kcal/100g. The minerals in mg/100 g of seeds of soybean varieties also had the following ranges: sodium 2.94 to 4.06, potassium 1062.04 to 1360.80, calcium 174.16 to 268.84, magnesium 153.30 to 204.54, iron 9.84 to 14.30, copper 1.16 to 1.93, zinc 3.24 to 4.61, and phosphorus 691.73 to 1124. In particular, Gute-19 soybean varieties contained significantly high amounts of crude protein, ash, crude fat, calcium, iron, and zinc. Principal component analysis showed nutritional variability and six independent clusters in varieties; this category was useful for preparing products such as soymilk. The antinutrient in mg/100 g of soybean varieties ranges as follows: phytate 198.53 (Keta) to 271.84 (Gute-19), oxalate 1580 to 2020, and tannin 134.93 to 191.62. The molar ratios of the soybean varieties in this study were below the critical/standard value, except for the phytate: Fe ratio. The soybean varieties had total phenol ranges from 1.19 to 2.02 mg GAE/g and total flavonoids from 0.25 to 0.81 mg CE/g. The IC50 values (mg/mL) of the soybean varieties were as follows: DPPH scavenging is 2.10-10.30. The antioxidant activity of all soybean varieties was high, with Gute-19 exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity. Hence, increasing the cultivation, promotion, and consumption of soybean in the country could help in new product development, in addition to soymilk and food supplementation, and mitigate food insecurity and alleviate malnutrition in the country.

AbstractBread is extensively consumed food that could benefit from being supplemented with a variety of nutrients that are lacking. Making bread with samma leaf flour could be one way to combat malnutrition, particularly in regard to shortages in protein and minerals. The current study aimed to fortify wheat bread with samma leaves flour. The samma leaves flour (sun and oven dried) at three fortification levels [5, 10, and 15% (w/w)] were added using factorial experiment and were blended and co-fermented for bread baking using 100% wheat flour as a control. The breads were subjected to analysis of physical properties, proximate composition, minerals, vitamin C, β-carotene contents, and sensory evaluation. The results revealed that wheat bread substituted with samma leaves flour at 5, 10, and 15% showed a significant (p

Nowadays, virtually all major food stores offer a wide selection of plant-based milks made from almonds, oats, cashews, macadamia nuts, coconut and our old friend, the soy-bean. These forms of milk are typically lower in calories than dairy milk, and they do not contain saturated fat. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to investigate the preparation and nutritional evaluation of soursop juice milk as partial replacement for dairy milk in yoghurt production using appropriate standard methods. Data obtained shows that yoghurt enriched with soursop juice received a colour score of 7.57, which was slightly higher than that of plain cow milk yoghurt, indicating a positive contribution to colour acceptability. Aroma and taste ratings for soursop-supplemented yoghurt were above 7, placing them in the “I like it” category, suggesting favourable sensory attributes. Furthermore, it achieved an overall acceptability score of 7.00, indicating strong consumer preference and potential market appeal. The addition of soursop juice provided additional nutritional value, including increased dietary fibre and ash content of 1.98 and 2.00 respectively. This enrichment may offer enhanced health benefits compared to plain cow milk yoghurt. The presence of dietary fibre from soursop juice improved the stability of the yoghurt, reducing whey separation and enhancing texture. This suggests that the addition of soursop juice contributes to a more stable and desirable product. Soursop juice enhances the sensory attributes, nutritional profile, and stability of yoghurt compared to plain cow milk yoghurt. These improvements suggest that yoghurt with soursop juice may offer a competitive edge in the market, appealing to consumers seeking both better taste and nutritional benefits.

This study classifies foods based on their nutritional content using K-Means and DBSCAN clustering methods. The clustering quality was evaluated using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) and Silhouette Score. K-Means was tested with different k values, while DBSCAN was analyzed with varying min_samples parameters. Additionally, a function was developed to group foods into three categories: Weight Gain, Obesity Prevention, and Weight Loss, based on calories, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content. The results show that K-Means is more effective than DBSCAN in clustering foods by nutritional content, yielding lower DBI values and higher Silhouette Scores. For example, K-Means with k = 3 achieved a DBI of 0.694930 and a Silhouette Score of 0.538921, while DBSCAN with eps = 0.75 and min_samples = 4 produced a DBI of 0.34546577 and a Silhouette Score of 0.492830814. This study concludes that K-Means provides superior clustering performance, enabling more specific dietary recommendations tailored to individual nutritional needs.

Introduction and purpose: In the past, fungi were considered a very low-value meal, however in modern literature, they are increasingly more frequently studied for their nutritional and medical properties. They are being currently reconsidered as an abundant source of nutrients that may be incorporated in diets of individuals of special medical needs, such as obese and diabetic patients. The purpose of this review is to evaluate one of the most common edible mushroom species, Cantharellus cibarius (girolle, golden chanterelle) for its health promoting properties with particular emphasis on its vitamin D content. It was of considerable importance for us to analyse the amount of vitamin D in the mentioned mushroom, as this micronutrient deficiency is fairly common in the human population. Material and method: The available literature was reviewed as provided by PubMed database and Google Scholar, with the use of keywords. State of knowledge: Golden chanterelle mushroom is a valuable source of proteins, mineral ingredients like potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and calcium, while containing low amounts of sodium and fat. The mushroom is especially valuable for its rich content of vitamin D, ranging up to 63 μg/100g fresh weight. Conclusions: This paper may help other scientists expand their research on golden chanterelle properties. Moreover, girolle, as naturally containing many pro-health metabolites, may serve as natural supplementation of microelements.

BackgroundThe combined effect of depression and nutritional-inflammatory status on mortality in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population is unclear.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed 3,934 (weighted population: 22,611,423) CKD participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2018). Depression and nutritional-inflammatory status were assessed with Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index (ALI), respectively. Weighted multivariate COX regression models, restricted cubic splines (RCS) models, and stratified analyses were used to investigate the association of PHQ-9 scores and ALI with all-cause mortality.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 5.8 years (interquartile range 3.4–8.6 years), a total of 985 patients died (25.0%). Each point increase in a patient’s PHQ-9 score increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 4% (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.06; p 0.05 for interaction).ConclusionIn a nationally representative sample of US patients with CKD, coexisting depression and poorer nutrition-inflammation were associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality.

Abstract Hylocereus undatus, occasionally referred to as the dragon fruit or white‐fleshed pitaya, is a rich in nutrients fruit appreciated because of its colorful look and health benefits. It is inexpensive in calories but packed with minerals like iron, magnesium, and calcium in addition to essential nutrients like vitamin C and B vitamins. Similarly rich in dietary fiber, particularly promotes gut wellness and improves digestion, is pitaya. It additionally contains antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and betalains, which help with scavenging free radicals and reducing the detrimental effects of oxidative stress on the human body. The substantial amount of betalains in Hylocereus undatus phytochemical composition is notable because it contributes to the plant's anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. There has been an association among these phytochemicals and a decreased likelihood of contracting long‐term conditions such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Omega‐3 fatty acids and omega‐6 fatty acids, in particular, that reduce cholesterol levels while improving blood circulation, are plentiful in the fruit's seeds and are beneficial to heart wellness. The objective of this review is to highlight the nutritional profile, phytochemical and health benefits of Hylocereus undatus in detail.

Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional breeding. In this study, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples, field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environment-based sets: one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population, evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries, Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal, under rainfed conditions. NIR elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample, after three rotation scans, with a spectral resolution of 16 cm-1 over the spectral range of 867 nm to 2530 ​nm. Spectra were then processed by principal component analysis (PCA) coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). As results, a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between environments. The magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 ​nm, usually related to oil content and fatty acid composition. PCA yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs (i.e., eigenvalues >10), which together captured 93% of the total variation, revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters, corresponding to the four samples sets. The pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers, remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection, turning out to be the largest. Interestingly, a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6% was achieved for the four sets, aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment origin. The confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100% of instances classified correctly with 100% at both sensitivity and specificity, confirming that their seed quality was different from each other and all other samples. Overall, NIRS chemometrics is useful to assess and distinguish seeds from different environments and highlights the value of the interspecific population and core-collection, as a source of nutritional diversity, to support the breeding efforts.

Background: Cholecystectomy often requires dietary and lifestyle adjustments, making adherence to educational programs crucial for optimal recovery. This study evaluated patients' compliance with a post-cholecystectomy educational program and examined how socio-demographic factors influenced adherence. This study aimed to evaluate patients' adherence to an educational program following cholecystectomy and to investigate the relationship between adherence and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed at AL Imam Sadiq Teaching Hospital. Non-probability sampling was used to recruit 30 patients for the study group and 30 for the control group. A 9-item instrument was developed, and a panel of 11 experts established its validity. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed on the collected data. Results: The study found that socio-demographic factors play a significant role in patients' adherence to the educational program. The pretest adherence was (3.19) for the case group and (2.92) for the control group. Posttest adherence significantly improved to (5.78) for the case group and (3.13) for the control group. Notably, patients' employment status, educational level, and monthly income were found to significantly influence the effectiveness of the instructional program on nutritional adherence. Conclusion: The instructional program had a positive impact on patients who underwent cholecystectomy, effectively improving their nutritional adherence in both the case and control groups. This success underscores the potential of such programs in post-cholecystectomy patient care. The study recommends increasing patients' knowledge regarding nutritional adherence and explaining dietary recommendations through social media. Additionally, it suggests implementing the present program for all patients undergoing cholecystectomy.

In recent years, the demand of consumers for products rich in protein is of significant growth. Due to its structure in tissues, protein is considered an essential nutrient for maintenance and growth. It is well known that dairy foods differ from plant-based milk alternatives in their composition. In addition to protein content, nutrients in milk and plant-based beverages vary greatly in composition and content, such as: Calcium, fiber and fat. The nutritional quality of dairy protein sources depends on both their amino acid composition and bioavailability. Indeed, dairy products are considered to be excellent sources of proteins with high Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) values varying from 100 to 120. However, plant proteins are considered to have generally lower essential amino acid contents and lower DIAAS values than dairy proteins. For example, pea and rice proteins are known to have medium and lower DIAAS with values of 62 and 47, respectively. The present review is dedicated to study the nutritional quality of animal and plant-based milk alternatives, where a focus on protein composition and amount are determined.

Symptom management remains challenging in cancer care. Emerging from nutritional science, nutritional metabolomics has seen exponential growth over recent years, aiming to discern the relationship between dietary habits and health consequences. This protocol aims to present the rationale and methodology for conducting a scoping review to summarize the extent of evidence on synbiotics utilization in cancer symptom management among adults. The scoping review will be undertaken in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) principles and the research process guided by the PRISMA 2020 scoping reviews extension. The following electronic databases will be searched from the inception: PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science and Scopus. The authors expect to map the literature regarding the clinical outcomes, including patient-report measures and patient-experience measures, on which the effects of probiotics were tested, and identify potential gaps. This protocol presents a rigorous methodological approach to map the literature on the clinical outcomes that the utilization of synbiotics might improve. This analysis will shape future researchers to examine the efficacy of probiotics on specific clinical outcomes in oncology care. Nurses are uniquely positioned to influence cancer symptom management through the selection and use of appropriate interventions in the field of nutritional supplements, along with nutritional counseling.

Abstract Background and objective Oropharyngeal interventions are an accepted method to improve the nutritional performance of premature infants. Considering the countless benefits of breast milk and the few studies on the use of breast milk as an oral-pharyngeal intervention, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of oral-pharyngeal administration of breast milk on nutritional outcomes in premature infants. Materials and methods In this clinical trial, 80 premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Amir al-Mu’minin Hospital in Semnan (a city in Iran) were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 40) and control groups (n = 40). Infants in the intervention group were given breast milk, and infants in the control group were given sterile water as a placebo. The data collection tool included demographic and clinical questions checklist, including sex, gestational age, weight, milk administration time, lavage and its amount, vomiting, abdominal distension, and so on. Data analysis was performed using SPSS23. Results The mean volume of total milk received by infants (p = 0.047) and the mean volume of milk received by mouth (p

The nutritional status of women of childbearing age in Sinaputra Village, Cigalontang District, Tasikmalaya Regency, shows a low level of 25.5% of the total 1,227 women of childbearing age, caused by the habit of consuming an unbalanced diet. To overcome this problem, community service activities were carried out to provide an understanding of balanced nutrition through outreach using lecture and discussion methods. The results showed an increase in knowledge in 38 participants, most of whom were women of childbearing age who actively participated in the discussion. This activity reflects success in providing understanding to women of childbearing age about the importance of adequate nutritional intake to prepare themselves for pregnancy and childbirth; it is hoped that this can improve the quality of nutrition, reduce the risk of nutritional problems, and create optimal body conditions for a healthy pregnancy.

Background: The introduction of complementary food is the most important factor determining the nutritional status of the children in the first 2 years of life. This study aimed to find out the determinants and patterns of complementary feeding practices and their impact on the growth and development of children of 6–24 months of age group. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done on immunization out patient department (OPD) in the field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine. The sample size taken was 250 using a systematic random sampling method. Results: One hundred and seven (42.8%) were given the optimum amount of complementary food for their age. One hundred and three (41.2%) were fed with an adequate frequency for their age. One hundred and ninety-five (78.0%) were given food that was appropriate in consistency for their age. Among 183 (73.2%) children who were not fed appropriately during and after their illness episodes, 119 (65.0%) were malnourished. On using logistic regression it was seen that the variables which had statistically significant association with the complementary feeding patterns (P0.05). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between the feeding patterns of normal and malnourished children. The association of complementary feeding practices and the anthropometric status of study children was not found statistically significant in the present study. Advice on complementary feeding from healthcare workers is seen to be having a positive impact on complementary feeding practices (P < 0.01).

India is renowned for its mango diversity, with more than 1000 genotypes reported. However, the Himalayan plains bear some elite genotypes which supposed to bear high postharvest value, the systemic postharvest study of which is yet to be attempted. The aim of present study is to evaluate the postharvest quality and ripening behviour of these important genotypes. Thus, 15 un-explored mango genotypes of this region were selected and evaluated for ripening behaviour and detailed postharvest profiling via internal (total phenolic and total flavonoid content), nutritional attributes (Brix: acid ratio, total carotenoid concentration, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity), sensory evaluation, fruit softening enzymes (polygalactouronase, pectin methylesterase and lipoxygenase), shelf life attributes (respiration rate, physiological loss in weight and storage life in days) external attributes (fruit weight, fruit firmness, peel thickness, fruit shape and dry seed weight) and mineral contents (Calcium, potassium and phosphorous) under ambient storage (25 ± 4 °C and 65 ± 5 % RH). The results revealed that the highest total flavonoid content (682.40 μg g−1), ascorbic acid (46.88 mg 100 g−1) and antioxidant activity (4.84 μmol TE g−1) exhibited by ‘Sukul’. The total phenolic content was recorded as the highest in ‘Safed Malda’ (510.42 μg GAE g-1 FW), and total carotenoid concentration was recorded as the highest in ‘Sipiya’ (7.30 mg 100 g-1) ‘Zardalu’ (7.04 mg 100 g-1) and ‘Mithua’ (6.98 mg 100 g-1). Interestingly, genotypes such as ‘Sukul’, Sipiya’ and ‘Krishna Bhog ‘exhibited a 4–5 days higher storage life than other selected genotypes. Screened genotypes exhibited a high diversity of nutritional and biochemical contents. The results of this study bear practical utility for research (quality improvement programme) and the processing industry.

Tender coconut water is a beverage distinguished from mature coconut water as it's harvested during the early stages of coconut development. It's a well-liked natural drink in tropical regions where coconut trees are abundant. This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical, nutritional and antioxidant properties of different varieties of tender coconut water such as tall, dwarf, intermediate and hybrid varieties with a maturity stage of 5–7 months old. Standard assays assessed nutritional and antioxidant properties. The results of this study showed that the King coconut (Intermediate variety), had significantly higher total protein (0.59 mg BSA/ ml), Total soluble solids (5.0° Brix) and Total sugar content (63.58 mg/ml). The coconut water of Ran thembili (Tall variety) showed significantly higher antiradical activity (DPPH) (82.75 %), total tannin content (22.32 µg TE/ml) and reducing sugar content (43.80 mg/ml). Nawasi (Tall variety) showed significantly higher total flavonoid content (1.23 µg QE/ ml). Total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity were significantly higher for Ran thembili and King coconut. In essence, our findings illuminated the diverse and appealing attributes of tender coconut water. Importantly, the distinct coconut varieties examined in this study exerted a noticeable impact on the composition and properties of tender coconut water.

Apple pomace resulting from juice processing and thermal processing (50 °C/12 h and 80 °C/5 h) were optimized in order to obtain apple pomace powders with an organoleptic profile suitable as ingredients in food products. Proximate composition (moisture, titratable acidity, ash, soluble substances, and fat content) was analyzed using ISO standard methods. The Folin–Ciocâlteu method, a DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test, and flavonoid determination were used to assess antioxidant potential and bioactive compound contents. Antimicrobial potential and cytotoxic and anti-proliferative potential were also assessed. Aroma was characterized by a volatile compound analysis performed using ITEX/GC-MS for the by-products, the powder, and some muffins developed with the proposed functional ingredient. For the sensory analysis of muffins, the acceptability was evaluated using the hedonic test and texture analysis was done using the CT3 Texture Analyzer. The cytotoxic potential of the methanol extracts of the by-products ranged between 70.42 and 78.80%. The hedonic test revealed that the evaluators highly appreciated the aroma, which was attributed to the volatile compounds responsible for the pleasant aroma. The addition of 20% apple pomace powder led to similar texture and sensory scores to the reference samples.

ABSTRACTAlthough quince may be the finest source of dietary fiber, it has recently been recognized that eating a healthy diet has considerable health advantages. It has a long history of usage in traditional medicine and ethnobotany and is native to the Mediterranean area and Central Asia. Its fruit has hard, bitter, and astringency of the flesh therefore its use are rare. Heat treatment affects the organoleptic and therapeutic properties. The antioxidant, antibacterial, antihemolytic, aphrodisiac, antiallergic, and anti-diabetic properties of C. oblonga flour are well documented. It is a reliable and reasonably priced natural metabolites with unique biological characteristics. The metabolic characteristics and biological ability of this species have been extensively studied. Particularly, quince leaves show promise as a natural supplier of biologically active phytonutrients and are appropriate for use in the food and drug industries. It is primarily produced for fruits and acts as a pear root. The present review highlights the chemical and biological properties of quince fruit flour in detail.

ABSTRACTS. sesban is mainly used as economical purpose and S. grandiflora is known for medicinal as well as economical. Chemical characterization and antidiabetic activity of seed extracts were not explored yet. Seeds of S. sesban and S. grandiflora were separated in seed coat, germ, and endosperm by domestic grinder mixer. Successive soxhlet extraction of separated parts of Sesbania seed were carried out. Chemical profiling of methanolic extract was carried out by GC-MS, HPLC, and in vitro alpha amylase inhibitory assay. D-pinitol was found to be maximum (48.39%) in seed coat and minimum in seed (8.35%) of methanolic extracts of Sesbania seed. Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of methanolic extracts of different parts were also studied in which DSSh, DSSp, & DSSe showed similar IC50 to acarbose, antidiabetic drugs. The result showed that S. sesban and S. grandiflora seed and endosperm is rich in health promoting mineral like Na (241 mg/100 gm and 238 mg/100 gm), K (103.1 mg/100 gm) and (60.2 mg/100 gm), Ca (525 mg/100 gm) and (500 mg/100 gm) and Fe (67.5 and 91.9 mg/100 gm). Hence, it is similar to some edible legumes which possess bioactive compound with therapeutic value and can be efficiently explored for the development of new functional or nutraceutically valued food products.

ABSTRACTBambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) is an African legume that belongs to the family and subfamily of Fabaceae and Faboidea, respectively. It is becoming one of the most utilized legumes after being underutilized for many years in Africa. It is the third most significant legume after groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and cowpea (Vigna hypogea). Bambara groundnut (BGN) is a complete food because of its richness in nutritional properties such as crude fiber, iron, protein, carbohydrate, fat and minerals. Moreover, BGN possesses antioxidants properties as it contains phytochemicals, such as tannins, flavonoids and phytic acids which possess health benefits for humans such as preventing diabetes, stroke, atherosclerosis, heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, these phytochemicals extend the shelf life of food products and have antimicrobial properties which can inhibit microbial growth. This paper highlights the current findings on BGN nutritional composition, health benefits, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, it is advisable for food industry to exploit BGN grain to its full potential to tackle challenges of food security and nutrition globally.

Anchote is an indigenous tuber crop with a good source of protein and calcium. Despite the presence of different accessions of the crop, little is known about the nutritional and anti-nutritional content. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and anti-nutritional content of anchote accessions grown in the East Arsi Zone of Ethiopia. Tubers from 20 accessions of anchote were collected from the research farm of Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in Ethiopia. The dried tubers of each accession were grounded separately into fine powder following standard procedure and used for nutritional and anti-nutritional content determination. Result showed that, the nutritional compositions varied from: water (65.38%–77.13 %), ash (1.82%–2.85 %), crude fat (0.55%–1.45 %), crude fiber (2.22%–4.02 %), crude protein (6.29%–13.00 %), carbohydrate (6.78%–19.68 %), total starch (39.22%–72.74 %), and energy (74.73%–123.66 %). Phytate concentration ranged from 208.06 mg/100 g to 273.87 mg/100 g, while tannin content was recorded at the lowest (1.19 mg/100g) and highest (44.4 mg/100g). Mineral contents were in a range from calcium (66.81–177.13 mg/100g), magnesium (19.64–35.82 mg/100g), potassium (250.47–523.72 mg/100g), sodium (0.51–4.19 mg/100g), phosphorus (38.91–93.45 mg/100g), iron (0.16–0.65 mg/100g), manganese (0.08–0.27 mg/100g), copper (0.17–0.29 mg/100g), and zinc (0.23–0.46 mg/100g). This study showed that anchote tubers contain a significant amount of essential nutrients. Accessions greatly vary in their nutritional and anti-nutrition compositions. Therefore, anchote accessions with higher nutritional values could be used in breeding and food product development targeting nutritional enhancement.

Abstract Fresh apple juice is one of the most popular and consumed juice, owing to its pleasant taste, natural flavour and nutritional richness. Regular consumption of apple juice is associated with reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular related diseases, asthma and diabetes. However, the shelf life of apple juice is limited by detrimental effect of enzymes. Due to the demand of wholesome nutritious product, there arises a need for adoption of novel non-thermal techniques as they help to retain the nutritional content and at the same time aid in improving the shelf life as compared to the thermal treatment. High pressure processing (HPP), pulsed electric field (PEF), ultrasound, pulsed light, UV, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) are all examples of novel procedures tested and tried for the better retention of nutritional and phytochemical composition in apple juice. This study aimed to find the influence of these mechanisms on the quality and composition of apple juice. Apple juice processing has been successfully examined using non-thermal techniques. These exhibited promising results in terms of minimising physical, chemical, enzymatic and microbial deterioration of the apple juice while still retaining a high percentage of nutritious components. Though all the non-thermal process require a hurdle approach for inactivation of enzymes, HC can be a better alternative in terms of operating costs and ease in handling the bulk volumes of juice. Graphical Abstract

To learn more about the nutritional composition and health benefits for human consumers of peas, we used a widely targeted metabolomics-based approach to reveal the metabolite components from three main varieties, and a total of 1095 metabolites were identified. A comparison of 487 differentially accumulated metabolites shared among three varieties of fresh and dried peas found most of the amino acids and derivatives were downregulated and most of the lipids and flavonoids were upregulated in dried peas. Furthermore, comparing the main nutrient profiles exclusively showed that there were few differences in free fatty acids, sugars, vitamins, and alkaloids between dried and fresh peas. Peas are especially enriched with B-group vitamins. Through detailed identification and classification, the flavonoid pathway of peas was revealed; a variety of glycosylated derivatives from kaempferol, quercetin, and luteolin were confirmed to be abundant in peas. It was also found that isoflavones are richer in peas than in many other plants, and putatively the isoflavone synthesis pathway originates from liquiritigenin and naringenin. Our study not only offers guidance for understanding the nutritional components of peas, but also provides the basis for healthy diet analysis of the edible value and health benefits of peas.

The seed of Citrullus lanatus mucosospermus, known as egusi, is versatile and explored for its oil and flour functionality. Raw flour can be used as a raw material in a nutritional program due to its oil-rich, remarkably high protein content, and richness in omega-6 fatty acids. There is a need to explore eco-friendly defatting methods using the supercritical CO2 extraction method (SFECO2) to preserve this seed’s generic richness and to control the flour–oil ratio in processing formulations. The supercritical fluid extraction method uses temperature, pressure, and CO2 flow rate to determine the best yield and extraction parameters. Defatted egusi flour (DEF) was extracted using three runs. Firstly, at 60 °C, 30 g/h, and 450 bar (DEF1); secondly, at 55 °C, 30 g/h, and 600 bar (DEF2); and thirdly, extraction was performed at 75 °C, 30 g/h and 600 bar (DEF3). Trace and major elements were analysed using Agilent 7700 quadruple ICP-MS (Agilent Technologies Network, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and Thermo Cap 6200 ICP-AES (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), respectively. The sugar was separated on a gas chromatograph coupled to a Mass Selective Detector (MSD). The fundamental pasting property measurements were performed using a Rapid Visco Analyser RVA 4500 Perten instrument Sin 214 31208-45 Australia. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 29 software (v. 2022). The protein content of defatted egusi flour ranged from 48.4 for DEF2 to 60.4% w/w for DEF1 and differed significantly, with a rich amino acid high in glutamine ranging from 9.8 to 12.9 g/100 g). DEF2 (512.0 cP) showed the highest peak viscosity and was the most viscous among the samples. Defatted flour with lower temperature and lower pressure (60 °C and 450 bar) offered the best nutritional properties, proffering defatted egusi flour from SFECO2, a novel flour for dietary programs.

Nutrients consumed during the adult stage are a key factor affecting the growth, development, and reproduction of insect offspring and thus could play an important role in insect population research. However, there is absence of conclusive evidence regarding the direct effects of parental (F0) nutritional status on offspring (F1) fitness in insects. Carposina sasakii Matsumura is a serious, widespread fruit-boring pest that negatively impacts orchards and the agricultural economy across East Asia. In this study, life history data of F1 directly descended from F0 C. sasakii fed with seven different nutrients (water as control, 5 g·L−1 honey solution, 10 g·L−1 honey solution, 5 g·L−1 sucrose solution, 10 g·L−1 sucrose solution, 15 g·L−1 sucrose solution, and 20 g·L−1 sucrose solution) were collected under laboratory conditions. The growth and development indices, age-stage specific survival rate, age-stage specific fecundity, age-stage specific life expectancy, age-stage specific reproductive value, and population parameters of these offspring were analyzed according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results showed that the nutritional status of F0 differentially affects the growth, development, and reproduction of F1. The F1 offspring of F0 adult C. sasakii fed with 10 g·L−1 sucrose had significantly higher life table parameters than those of other treatments (intrinsic rate of increase, r = 0.0615 ± 0.0076; finite rate of increase, λ = 1.0634 ± 0.0081; net reproductive rate, R0 = 12.61 ± 3.57); thus, 10 g·L−1 sucrose was more suitable for raising C. sasakii in the laboratory than other treatments. This study not only provides clear evidence for the implications of altering F0 nutritional conditions on the fitness of F1 in insects, but also lays the foundation for the implementation of feeding technologies within the context of a well-conceived laboratory rearing strategy for C. sasakii.

Sweet potato and pumpkin are abundant in β-carotene, fiber, and essential minerals. The use of pumpkin and sweet potato with wheat flour to prepare noodles may increase their nutritional value and provide several health benefits. The purpose of the study was to develop pumpkin, sweet potato, and wheat composite flour noodles with improved nutritional and sensory qualities. All of the quality parameters like nutritional value, water activity, color intensity, β-carotene content, antioxidant capacity, and sensory characteristics were analyzed according to the standard procedures. The addition of pumpkin and sweet potato flour to prepared noodles significantly (p

AbstractChia (Salvia hispanica) seeds are oilseeds, often known as pseudo-cereals, which contain a variety of nutrients, including macro and micronutrients, as well as health aids; consequently, they could be classified as a nutraceuticals food. The seeds are a wonderful source of phenolic compounds like rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acids, quercetin, and myricetin. According to studies, chia seeds have a high nutritious content of protein (18–24%), fiber (30–34%), and a variety of fatty acids. Chia seeds also have a variety of minerals and vitamins and shown to have beneficial effects in the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia, as well as acting as an antioxidant, anti-anxiety, laxative, anti-depressant, analgesic, and strengthen the immune system. Due to its presence of minerals, lipids (omega-3), fibers, proteins, and antioxidants in chia seed and its health benefits, it has now grabbed the attention of many food industries and educators. The present review article highlights the nutritional composition, phytochemical profile, and therapeutic potentials like cardio-protective, diabetes-controlling, immune boosting, and antioxidant action in detail.

The use of improved soybean varieties is crucial when it comes to the progress of soybean cultivation in Indonesia. This study presents the agronomic performance, seed chemical composition, and bioactive components of 12 soybean genotypes grown in Malang, Indonesia. Parameters included the agronomic characteristics, ash, protein, fat, total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), genistein and daidzein contents as well as antioxidant activity. The study found that Dena 1, Dering 1, and Deja 1 had the highest seed yield (2.76–2.84 t/ha), while Dega 1 had the largest seed size (24.69 g/100 seeds). The black-seeded genotype of Detam 1 had the highest protein content (39.79% dw), while GH 63 had the largest amount of total daidzein and genistein. Detam 4 (a black-seeded genotype) exhibited the highest values of TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activity. The agronomic characteristics and TPC significantly correlated, suggesting that both traits are applicable as criteria for soybean breeding selection. Detam 4 and GH 63 are likely promising to be used as gene sources for improving the nutritional and health benefits of soybean genotypes. GH 63 and GH 73 also have the potential for further release as new high-yielding varieties with early maturity and large seed size. Overall, the study provides valuable information on the agronomic superiority and nutritional aspects of improved soybean varieties in Indonesia.

ABSTRACT: Liancheng white duck is a typical local duck breed in Fujian Province famous for its meat traits. To better understand how meat quality varies with breed, the chemical composition of breast meats of Liancheng white ducks (LD) and Cherry Valley ducks (CD) were examined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS).The correlation between meat quality and the differential metabolites was further analyzed. The results showed that the effects of breed on duck breast meat were significant for pH, color, cooking loss, and shear force. Liancheng white duck breast meat exhibited a higher shear force and pH, and lower cooking loss and lightness (L*24), redness (a*24), and yellowness (b*24) than CD. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant differences between the meat extracts from the 2 duck breeds. A total of 49 and 57 significantly different metabolites were identified in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. These differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) could be divided into 28 classes, of which the 4 main categories were carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and eicosanoids. Liancheng white duck might have better nutritional and medicinal value considering the higher content of (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and prostaglandinF3α (PGF3α), having anti-inflammatory orantioxidant effects. Carbohydrate concentration negatively correlated with pH24. The 4 metabolites positively correlated with the shear force. These results provide an overall perspective for bridging the gap between variation of duck meat quality and metabolites with respect to breed.

Abstract Millets are recognized as nutritional grains that have been important for preventing the malnutrition and significantly enhancing the human health. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is a C4, self pollinating millet species belonging to family Poaceae; acknowledged as Italian millet, Chinese millet or German millet. Being the oldest crops to be cultivated and produced, it is also utilized as a bird feed in African regions of the world. As far as the nutritional content is concerned, it has substantial amounts of carbohydrates (60–65 g), protein (12.3 g), fiber (6 g), minerals (Phosphorous, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, sodium), and phytochemicals (Phenols, Ferulic, chlorogenic acids, and p‐coumaric, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherol, and tocotrienol). Additionally foxtail millet is reported to have anti inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancerous, antihypolipidemic antihyperglycemic properties that may serve well with respect to pharmacological relevance. Apart from the medicinal prospect, its food utilization for making bakery, weaning, fermented as well as extruded goods are studied in the literature. Thus it can be mentioned that foxtail millet has a promising position in strengthening dietary quality and food security of world, thereby functioning as an emissary crop to replenish other economically valuable crops against environmental constraints even while supplying food for people and livestock via biotechnological techniques.

Abstract Background The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide. Nurses work collaboratively with multidisciplinary teams to improve diabetes management. Yet, little is known about nurses’ role in nutritional management of diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) toward nutritional management of diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 160 nurses, who were recruited between July 4 and July 18, 2021 from two referral tertiary teaching hospitals in Iran. A validated paper-based self-reported questionnaire was used to assess nurses’ KAP. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. Results The mean knowledge score of nurses about nutritional management of diabetes was 12.16 ± 2.83, and 61.2% showing a moderate knowledge level on nutritional management of diabetes. The mean attitudes score was 60.68 ± 6.11, with 86.92% of participants demonstrating positive attitudes. The mean practice score of study participants was 44.74 ± 7.81, with 51.9% having a moderate level of practice. Higher knowledge scores were observed among male nurses (B = -7.55, p = 0.009) and those with blended learning as a preferred learning method (B = 7.28, p = 0.029). Having an opportunity to provide education to patients with diabetes during shifts affected nurses’ attitudes positively (B = -7.59, p = 0.017). Practice scores were higher among nurses who perceived themselves competent in the nutritional management of diabetes (B = -18.05, p = 0.008). Conclusion Nurses’ knowledge and practice in the nutritional management of diabetes should be increased to help improve the quality of the dietary care and patient education they provide these patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the results of this study both in Iran and internationally.

ABSTRACT: Carrots (the main source of carotenoids) have multiple nutritional and health benefits. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the compositional, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of carrot powder and to examine its effect on the sensory characteristics, chemical properties, and microbial viability of probiotic soft cheese at a rate of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%. The carrot was turned into powder before being analyzed and incorporated as an ingredient in making probiotic soft cheese. Probiotic soft cheese was made from buffalo milk. The buffalo milk (∼6.9% fat, 4.4% protein, 9.2% milk solids not fat, and 0.7% ash) was pasteurized at 75 ± 1°C for 5 min and cooled to 40–42°C. The milk was then divided into 4 aliquots. Sodium chloride (local market, Assiut, Egypt) was added at a ratio of 5% followed by starter cultures. The carrot powder (4.5% moisture, 4.8% ash, 2.7% fat, 8.2% protein, 11.9% fibers, and 72.3% carbohydrate) was added at a rate of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%, followed by addition of 0.02 g/kg rennet. The cheese was cut again into cubes, pickled in jars filled with whey, and stored for 28 d at 6 ± 1°C. The results of this study illustrated the nutritional and antioxidant properties of carrot powder. Incorporation of carrot powder in probiotic soft cheese affected the moisture and salt content at 0 d. The total bacteria count decreased from 7.5 to 7.3 log cfu/g in the cheese when carrot powder was used at a rate of 0.6%. The reduction of total bacteria count was noticed during the 28 d of storage by adding carrot powder. Furthermore, lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium longum counts elevated with adding carrot powder during the 28 d of storage.

Context: The relationship between children's oral health and general health has become a research subject of growing interest. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between nutritional status and malocclusion parameters among school-going children of Bathinda, Punjab, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study for 18 months was conducted among 500 5–15-year-old school-going children. Oral examination was done to check malocclusion parameters such as crowding, facial height (FH), and anterior and posterior crossbite. Nutritional status assessment was done using body mass index (BMI). The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and statistically analyzed using the SPSS (IBM Corporation) software. Results: A statistically significant association was found between BMI and malocclusion parameters such as dental crowding and FH. No statistically significant association was found between nutritional status and anterior/posterior crossbite. Conclusion: Further research is needed for in-depth understanding of role of nutritional status on malocclusion indicators during early years of life for timely interventions and prevention.

Introduction: In Ayurveda, to treat Prameha, various eatables prepared from the barley (Yava) or bamboo seeds (Venuyava) or wheat (Godhuma), previously eaten either by donkey, or horses, or cows, or swans and or deer, being collected from their dung are recommended. The present article details the method of collection, quality and the outcome of two commonly used cereals barley and wheat. Methods: The present study was carried out on 12 Geer cows (six were fed barley and six wheat), 1.5 kg grains per day per cow for 3 days in three different seasons, i.e., monsoon (Varsha ritu), winter (Hemant ritu), and summer (Vasanta ritu). The cow dung was collected throughout the day and thoroughly washed two to three times with tap water, and obtained barley and wheat were dried under direct sunlight. The input and outcome of the Gobhakshita yava (cow-fed predigested barley) and Gobhakshita godhuma (cow-fed predigested wheat) were estimated. Then, the samples were analyzed for nutritional values and microbial contaminations. Results: In the monsoon, winter and summer season, the percentage yield of Gobhakshita yava was 28.44%, 32.22%, 42.59%, and Gobhakshita godhuma was 29.44%, 33.77%, and 44.44%, respectively. Total soluble sugar was reduced in all Gobhakshita yava samples. In Gobhakshita godhuma, total fat, total soluble sugar, total protein, and total starch were decreased. Microbial contamination was noticed in monsoon and winter seasons samples, whereas the summer samples were devoid of any microbial growth. Conclusion: The summer season was found to provide more yield and no microbial growth in both Yava and Godhuma samples. Both Gobhakishita Yava and Godhuma contain lower total soluble sugar in comparison to their raw samples.

The nutritional composition of Africa star apple seeds (Chrysophyllum albidum) was carried out. This sample seed was obtained from Tunga Market, Minna Niger State, Nigeria. The proximate compositions (crude fats, proteins, ash, fiber, moisture, carbohydrate), minerals (phosphorous, potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium), and contents were determined using standard methods. For sample AS1, The moisture content yields 6.49%, crude ash 2.25%, fats yield 5.64%, crude fiber 0.84%, crude protein 10.50%, and carbohydrate content 74.28%. As for the AS2 sample, the moisture content yields 6.42%, crude ash 2.21%, fats 5.66%, crude fiber 0.81%, crude protein 10.50%, and carbohydrate content 74.30%. The AS1 sample had 92.36, 38.64, 229.10, 63.44,108.50/100g of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorous respectively. Likewise, the AS2 sample had 90.58, 36.82, 28.64, 65.20,112.30/100g respectively. The seeds had a high concentration of minerals. The seed had significant levels of both essential and non-essential amino acids, and the values of anti-nutrients that were measured were below the accepted benchmark, allowing for safe consumption. The findings indicate that eating African star apple seeds will significantly help meet human nutritional needs for proper growth and provide appropriate protection from diseases brought on by malnutrition.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of aquaculture and the optimum conditions for drying duckweed plants to maintain the highest nutritional value and bioactive substances. Protein quantification was used to screen duckweed plants subjected to the 14 treatments under aquaculture conditions. Proximate analysis of three aquaculture conditions showed the highest quantification of protein. Moreover, these samples were analyzed for total phenolics, flavonoids, and chlorophylls. The optimal drying conditions for duckweed plants with the highest protein content were determined using a factorial design with three temperature and time parameters.The results showed that the duckweed under aquaculture conditions in an outdoor cement pond with hydroponic electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.5 mS/cm contained the highest protein at 41.81 ± 3.40%. Moreover, proximate analysis of this sample showed fat, fiber, moisture, ash, and carbohydrate contents of 1.99 ± 0.08%, 4.46 ± 0.71%, 3.29 ± 0.17%, 22.06 ± 0.07% and 14.12 ± 1.63%, respectively. In addition, the optimum drying conditions for this sample were 50 °C and a drying time of 6 h. Under optimum drying conditions, this sample showed total phenolics, flavonoids, and chlorophylls contents of 55.28 ± 1.35 (μg GAE/g dry weight), 159.84 ± 6.65 (μg catechin equivalent [QE]/g dry weight) and 22.91 ± 0.15 (mg/g dry weight), respectively.In conclusion, the dried duckweed under aquaculture conditions in an outdoor cement pond with hydroponic EC 0.5 mS/cm contained the highest contents of proteins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total chlorophyll, which could be used as functional ingredients in health food products.

Background: There was found HIV infection have a higher rate of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) than the general population, even a slight deficiency, can increase the risk of osteoporosis in adults. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of VDD in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a tropical area. Methods: A cross-sectional study of an HIV-clinical population-based cohort was conducted at Police General Hospital (PGH), from 1st August 2020 to 31st July 2021, in Bangkok, Thailand. Serum 25(OH)D level was measured using ECLIA. All other laboratory investigations were conducted at the PGH's central lab center. The descriptive analysis utilized frequency (percentages) and mean (SD) as appropriate variable types. Chi-square tests (χ2) and independent samples t-tests were used to differentiate between VDD and non-VDD groups. To determine the association between VDD and non-VDD, gender, age (years), BMI discrepancy, ART regimens, ART-duration (years), HIV viral load, and CD4 count (cells/mm3). Univariate and multivariable logistics regression was conducted, respectively. Results: Of 602 patients, 66.4% were females with mean age of 45.22 ± 10.23 years. The average serum 25(OH)D level was 18.69 ± 7.23 ng/ml. The prevalence of VDD (

Twenty mango genotypes grown in the plains of the Himalayas were characterized by their physical, physiological, biochemical, mineral and organoleptic attributes: fruit firmness, weight, peel thickness, shape, dry seed weight, respiration rate, weight loss, and shelf life. Biochemical attributes such as soluble solids, total carotenoids, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and total sugars were also determined. In addition, mineral content and fruit-softening enzymes were measured, and an organoleptic evaluation was performed. Polygalactouronase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were measured from the pulp adjacent to the peel. Similarly, biochemical attributes and mineral content were evaluated using fruit pulp, while organoleptic evaluation included fruit pulp characters and the fruit’s external appearance. The results of the study showed that the ‘Malda’ genotype exhibited the highest total phenolic content (560.60 µg/100 g), total antioxidant (5.79 µmol TE/g), and titratable acidity (0.37%) among the tested genotypes. ‘Amrapali’ had the highest soluble solid content (25.20 °B), ‘Jawahar’ had the highest ascorbic acid content (44.20 mg/100 g pulp), ‘Mallika’ had the highest total flavonoid content (700.00 µg/g) and ‘Amrapali’ had the highest total carotenoid content (9.10 mg/100 g). Moreover, the genotypes ‘Malda’, ‘Safed Malda’and ‘Suvarnarekha’ had a shelf life of 4–5 days longer than other tested genotypes. The genotypes with high biochemical attributes have practical utility for researchers for quality improvement programmes and processing industries as functional ingredients in industrial products. This study provides valuable information on the nutritional and functional properties of different mango genotypes, which can aid in developing improved varieties with enhanced health benefits and greater practical utility for processing industries.

This study aimed to compare the nutritional, phytochemical, and sensory characteristics of wheat flour (WF) cookies enriched with different proportions of lupin sprout flour (LSF) and those with different proportions of lupin green sprout (LGS). To achieve this, a control cookie (CC); three cookies with 10%, 20%, and 30% of LSF, respectively, CLSF1, CLSF2, and CLSF3; and three other cookies (CLGS1, CLGS2, and CLGS3) with 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, were produced. The proximate composition of each cookie was analyzed using AOAC methods. Also, the measurements of the total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, individual polyphenols, glycemic index, and a sensory analysis were carried out using recent and accurate methods. The contribution of the main nutrients from 100 g of product to the required daily dose was also calculated. Data analysis revealed that cookies with LSF were richer than cookies with LGS in protein, fat, and energy values. CLGS3 was 35.12%, 1.45%, and 5.0% lower in protein, fat, and energy content than CLSF3, respectively. On the other hand, CLSF3 was lower than CLGS3, with 48.2% and 12.4% in moisture and mineral substances, respectively. Both cookies were lower in carbohydrates than the CC (65.20 g/100 g). Still on the subject of micro- and macronutrients, cookies with LSF were richer than those with LGS in all the minerals analyzed. The study also revealed improvements in phytochemical properties, such as total and individual polyphenols and antioxidant activity with the percentage of lupin sprout flour addition. The sensory analysis revealed that, for LSF and LGS cookies, the 10% samples were the most appreciated by consumers, irrespective of the sensory attributes studied. The glycemic index of the CLSF2 product was lower compared to the CC. This study shows that the LSF cookies have better nutritional, phytochemical, and sensory values than the LGS cookies. LSF is, therefore, better suited than LGS to the enrichment of bakery products in general and cookies in particular. The paper provides significant information to estimate the contribution of the consumption of functional products based on lupin sprouts to the required daily dose of food nutrients and the impact on the glycemic index of fortified products.

The perennial Chives (Allium tuberosum), belonging to the Liliaceae family is typically used as a condiment, vegetable, or spice, salads and soups. It is suitable to tropical and temperate climate. Of all the species of Allium, chives contain the highest amount of betacarotene and vitamin C. The unique flavour and scent of chives are attributed to sulphur compounds, particularly diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, which have also been investigated for potential anti-inflammatory, anticancer effects and antioxidant properties that serves to prevent oxidative stress and support general health. Even at refrigerated temperatures, these leaves have a very short shelf life. Chives can be successfully preserved for up to 14 days at 0–5 °C. Packing significantly affects how much weight is lost and how much water is retained during storage and the best packaging found as per latest studies is the plastics. This species has the potential to be commercialized in order to augment the production of onions and garlic in various regions of India, particularly given the current unstable climate. This is because of the species broader adaptability and multifunctional usage.

Sumac, a native wild fruit crop with over 250 varieties, grows 12-25 feet in sub-tropical to tropical climates with well-drained soil, creamy white blooms, and waxy-coated seeds. R. chinensis Mill. is a promising natural medicine with health benefits, anti-cancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antidiarrheal properties. Its methanolic extract has reduced kidney stone risk, suppresses bone resorption, and inhibits HIV-1 activity. Evidence suggests that R. chinensis contains flavonoids, phenolics, and triterpenoids because of its excellent nutritional profile, and distinctive tangy flavor, Rhus chinensis has enormous potential as a niche fruit crop. Rhus chinensis Mill. fruits are notably rich in carbohydrates(15.49 ± 1.60%), ascorbic acid (840.45 ± 86.44 μg/g), and minerals like potassium and phosphorus. While the fruit pulp is naturally acidic, processing it into tablets and candies reduces its acidity by 3.70% and 3.68%, enhancing its palatability and potential health benefits. Sumac processing typically adheres to traditional methods, with the berries sun-dried for approximately one week. Additionally, dried fruits, jams, juices, and tea can be made from Rhus chinensis. Some difficulties are raising customer awareness, conquering ignorance about cultivation, and adjusting its flavor to Western palates. Breeding programs, post-harvest technology, marketing, and sustainable farming methods are needed to overcome these obstacles.

Currently, in the structure of liver pathology, the leading position is occupied by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ahead of viral hepatitis C and alcoholic liver disease. The previous concept of NAFLD as a harmless disease has undergone significant changes. In the modern understanding, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a progressive disease with a high risk of developing fibrosis, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. The number of liver transplants in patients with cirrhosis as a result of NAFLD is steadily increasing and ranks second after cirrhosis of the liver of viral etiology. Nevertheless, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is still considered a «diagnosis of exclusion» due to the lack of specific diagnostic criteria, and the term itself has been criticized since it focuses only on the absence of alcohol’s contribution to the development of the disease. For this reason, an international expert consensus statement was published in 2020, proposing a new concept – metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), highlighting the leading role of nutritional metabolic predictors in the development of disease. We performed a systematic review to summarize the clinical nutritional aspects of MAFLD. The authors discuss the fundamental clinical and functional, nutritional, metabolic, hormonal, microbiotic factors of the pathological process that determine the course and prognosis of the disease. Information on the topic was used from publications based on the disserCat, PubMed, and eLibrary databases.

Ziziphus mauritiana is used as food and medicine. It is very nutritive and contains high amounts of calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin C, and beta-carotene. To choose an appropriate technique for fruit preservation, this study evaluated the effect of temperature and time on the nutritional and anti-nutritional qualities of Ziziphus mauritiana fruit harvested from Kobo Woreda in North-Eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the impact of preservation parameters on the nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of Ziziphus mauritiana fruit, such as storage temperature and preservation day (time). Ziziphus mauritiana fruit was also analyzed to evaluate storage temperature and preservation day on its nutritional and antinutritional composition and found moisture content (5.25–10.99%), ash content (4.74–10.70%), crude fiber (3.81–17.88), fat (0.49–2.16), nitrogen content (1.01–1.8%), protein content (6.33–11.27), phytate content (67.27–659.33 mg/100 g m), and tannin content (3842.46–16577.80 mg/100 g m). The findings revealed that both individual and interaction effects were highly significant differences (p-value, 0.0001) in each nutritional and antinutritional content of the fruit. The results of this study showed that it was possible to store Ziziphus mauritiana fruit using plastic bags (High-Density Polyethylene Bags), and further deep-freezing the fruit had the best effect on preserving it in its fresh state (without damage) for up to 45 days.

This research aimed to develop a jam using orange-fleshed sweet potato puree (OFSPP) and pineapple pulp (PP) and to assess nutritional, gelling, sensory, and microbiological qualities. Four jam formulations of OFSPP: PP (70%:30, 50%:50%, and 30%:70) and 100% PP were developed and evaluated. Increasing the level of OFSPP resulted in a significant (P

Phosphorous is one of the important elements for life but its surplus amount is not good. It can be retrieved for being reused but can not be produced. It's a good thing that phosphorus can be retrieved and used again since it cannot be produced. Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling is the only method to prevent a supply shortage. Phytic acid is a common putative nutritional supplement found in many plant-based diets that functions as the primary phosphorus storage form. However, the animals are unable to effectively use it, resulting in two major issues: the requirement of inorganic phosphorus supplementation in their diets and the excretion of a considerable amount of phosphorus in manure. Another nutritional problem is that phytate has been proven to form complexes with metal ions, rendering them inaccessible to the body through the diet. As a result, interest has grown in the finding of natural enzymes that are produced as a byproduct or consequence of continual metabolic activity within living organisms. In the next coming years, phytase is likely to play a key role in the dephosphorylation of phytate, a phosphorus-locking molecule that is antinutritional and indigestible, into digestible phosphorus, calcium, and other mineral elements. Because the existing technique is costly and time-consuming, it is necessary to make efforts to produce cost-effective phytase with quick upstream and economical downstream processing. The current review highlights the sources of phytase, its production strategies, and its application in various sectors.

Milk is a nutritionally rich food for humans. However, fulfilling the quality of milk is a major concern for milk factories, nutrient requirements, and public health. The objective of this research was to assess the composition of raw and pasteurized milk and cheese, evaluate change in milk and cheese composition along the value chain, and identify adulteration of milk. A total of 160 composite samples were determined using lactoscan and conventional approved methods along value chain. Results indicate that there were significant (p 0.05) difference in cheese nutritional quality between farmers and retailers. The grand mean for moisture, protein, fat, total ash, Ca, P and pH values were 77.1%, 17.1%, 1.42%, 1.18%, 37.8 mg/100 g, 88.2 mg/100 g and 3.7 respectively. Comparison of liquid products with the Compulsory Ethiopian Standard (CES) indicates that 80.2% for fat, protein, and SNF in raw and pasteurized milk were below the CES. In conclusion, liquid milk had poor nutritional composition and varied along the value chain in the study regions. Moreover, there is milk fraud where all dairy value chain add water into milk and milk consumers are consuming lower nutrients and paying for substandard liquid milk. Therefore, training should be provided to all value chain to improve the quality of milk products and quantification of formalin and other adulterants need to be further studied.

This review outlined the regulatory policy and approval progress of food for the special medical purpose （FSMP）, analyzed the development status and the development key point of cancer FSMP. And the recent nutrition research related to cancer FSMP was reviewed.