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İnsanlar tarih borunca ihtiyaçlarını gidermek için gerekli olan parayı bulmak adına borç ilişkisi içerisine girmişlerdir. Zamanla insanların borç ihtiyaçlarını giderecek bankalar kurulmaya başlanmıştır. Ancak bankaların sermaye ihtiyaçlarını faizli kredi ile karşılamaları, Müslümanları faizsiz alternatif kurumlar ihdas etme arayışlarına yönlendirmiştir. Ülkemizde katılım bankaları olarak isimlendirilen bu kurumlar geliştirdikleri faizsiz yöntemler sayesinde faizsiz ekonomi için önemli bir sermaye kaynağı modeli oluşturmuştur. Teknolojik imkânların gelişimi ile birlikte insanların tüketim kültüründe yaşanan hızlı değişim, paraya olan ihtiyaç kalemlerinde de çeşitlenmelere neden olmuştur. Bankalara yatırım amaçlı sermaye talebiyle müracaat edenlerin yanı sıra ihtiyaç kredisi talebiyle müracaatlarda da ciddi artışlar söz konusu olmuştur. Katılım bankaları da eğitim, sağlık, seyahat, turizm, hac ve umre gibi alanlarda finans desteği arayanlara alternatif bir kaynak sunmak için yöntemler geliştirmeye çalışmıştır. Bu bağlamda, araştırmanın amacını, katılım bankalarının eğitimden sağlığa, hac ve umreden turizme kadar pek çok kalemde sundukları hizmet sektörüne yönelik ihtiyaç finansmanın fıkhî niteliğini belirlemek oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada katılım bankalarının hizmet sektörüne yönelik sundukları bu finans desteğinin nasıl uygulandığı, murâbaha mı yoksa zimmette kiralama kapsamında mı değerlendirileceği, yöntemin işleyişinde ortaya çıkan fıkhî problemlerin neler olduğu üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda katılım bankalarının sundukları ihtiyaç finansının zimmette kiralama modeli kapsamında değerlendirilmesinin daha isabetli olacağı kanaatine ulaşılmıştır. Ancak ihtiyaç finansının zimmette kira modeli aracılığıyla sağlanabilmesi için bankaların uygulama esnasında ilgili hizmeti bizzat hizmet sunucu firmadan kiralayarak alt kiralama modeli ile müşterisine kiralaması, müşterinin banka ile yapacağı sözleşme öncesinde doğrudan hizmet sağlayıcı firmadan hizmeti almamış olması, bankanın hizmete yönelik ücreti müşteriye değil ilgili firmaya vermesi ve verilecek hizmetin süresi, vasıfları, özellikleri, ödenecek ücret ve ödeme planının açıkça belirlenmiş olması gerekir. Bu şartlar yerine geldiğinde, katılım bankalarının insanların hizmet sektörüne yönelik ihtiyaçlarını gidermek adına finans desteği sunmasının mümkün olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

This study aims to analyze the application of the murabaha contract in the BTN Syariah Margonda Home Ownership Credit (KPR) product from the perspective of Islamic law. In the face of increasing demand for usury-free housing, BTN Syariah offers a solution through the murabaha contract, which guarantees home financing without involving the element of interest. Through cooperation with PT ABC Group, BTN Syariah Margonda provides a more transparent and fair financing alternative for the community. This research method uses a normative-empirical approach with interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results show that the application of the Murabaha contract at BTN Syariah Margonda is in accordance with Sharia principles, where the profit margin is determined from the start, and the installments are fixed throughout the payment period. However, the main challenge is the need for a more public understanding of the differences between sharia and conventional mortgages. Nevertheless, the murabaha contract provides a positive impact in the form of financial certainty for customers and supports stable financial planning without being trapped in usury practices. This research also identifies the need to increase public education on the advantages of Sharia-based financing and the importance of the role of property developers who fully implement Sharia principles.

This research aims to analyze whether mudharabah and murabaha financing have an impact on maximizing real sector growth in Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. The method used in this research is quantitative with a descriptive-associative approach. The data used in this research comes from secondary data and time series data obtained from the Financial Services Authority (FSA) Islamic banking statistics report, Indonesian economic and financial statistics report, Kuwait Finance House annual report, Malaysian economy in Figures 2022 report, report annual Islamic bank Brunei Darussalam, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) report. This research uses panel data regression analysis. The research results show that partial mudharabah and murabaha financing does not impact real sector growth. Simultaneously, mudharabah and murabaha financing significantly impact real sector growth. This research provides a new contribution to scientific development, stating that mudharabah and murabaha financing do not impact real sector growth. Practically, this research proves that there must be improvements related to mudharabah and murabaha financing so that they can have an impact on real sector growth.

This research uses the SWOT approach to review Murabaha financing at Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT). This research is field research, with primary and secondary data sources, such as questionnaires, interviews, and literature. The research sample consisted of 20 people and three informants. Data analysis uses a mixed method approach, quantitatively and qualitatively, with the IFAS, EFAS and SWOT matrices. The research results found that several internal and external factors need to be evaluated, such as public trust, quality leadership, networks and partnerships, excellent and friendly service, practical procedures, and strategic location, which are assets that organizations can utilize to socialize Murabaha financing in the community. Meanwhile, external opportunities such as support from government agencies, a majority Muslim community, and local marketing strategies offer further growth and development potential. However, there are areas for improvement in education and awareness, product and service innovation, limited resources, and local marketing strategies that need to be overcome. Furthermore, threats from many competitors, the same target market, and a low public understanding of Islamic financing exist. This research can be helpful as a reference for future research and then become a reference for BMT in aligning organizational strategy with internal strengths and external opportunities, as well as overcoming existing weaknesses and threats.

This research analyses the comparison of murabaha and musyarakah mutanaqisah financing management strategies. This research is field research with data sources coming from primary and secondary data through observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation and focus group discussions (FGD). Data analysis uses a mixed method approach, quantitatively and qualitatively using IFAS, EFAS matrices, SWOT diagrams and SWOT matrices. This research found advantages and disadvantages to murabaha and musyarakah mutanaqisah financing. Murabaha financing is quite familiar compared to musyarakah mutanaqisah financing and is currently in an aggressive strategic position with a strengths-opportunity score of 3.0. This position is very profitable for bank nagari syariah Bukittinggi. For musyarakah mutanaqisah financing, it is currently also in a favourable position. However, under Murabaha financing with a total strengths-opportunity score of 1.15, this position is still profitable for bank nagari syariah Bukittinggi. However, the weakness of musyarakah mutanaqisah means that financing distribution could be more optimal. Mutanaqisah musyarakah financing has incredible strengths and opportunities if it maximises its strategy. This research can complement existing theory and become a reference for bank nagari syariah Bukittinggi in improving its financing management strategy to support financing growth and meet community needs.

Purpose – This study aims to compare the depth of outreach, financial performance, and trade-off between the depth of outreach and financial performance (mission drift) between equity financing and debt-based financing in Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks. Methodology – We compare the depth of outreach and financial performance using descriptive statistics and explore mission drift comparisons using OLS time series. Findings – The depth of the outreach comparison shows that debt-based financing performs better. However, equity financing outperforms financial performance. The regression results show mission drift in Musharaka and Multiservice financing, indicating that both sides have mission drift. However, there is no mission drift in Murabaha financing, which constitutes the majority of financing in Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks. Murabaha financing synchronously demonstrates excellent depth of outreach and financial performance. Implications – Islamic Rural Banks in Indonesia need product innovation in equity financing to obtain a better depth of outreach and avoid mission drift. The simplicity of the practice in Murabaha can be a reference for product innovation in Islamic Rural Banks, while the government can support Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks' product innovation by providing appropriate regulations. Originality – This study seeks to fill the comparison gap between mission drifts in Indonesian Islamic rural bank financing. There is a limitation in studies of Islamic rural bank financing mission drifts in Indonesia since the comparison of mission drift deals only with Islamic microfinance at a global level.

Purpose – This study aims to compare the depth of outreach, financial performance, and trade-off between the depth of outreach and financial performance (mission drift) between equity financing and debt-based financing in Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks. Methodology – We compare the depth of outreach and financial performance using descriptive statistics and explore mission drift comparisons using OLS time series. Findings – The depth of the outreach comparison shows that debt-based financing performs better. However, equity financing outperforms financial performance. The regression results show mission drift in Musharaka and Multiservice financing, indicating that both sides have mission drift. However, there is no mission drift in Murabaha financing, which constitutes the majority of financing in Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks. Murabaha financing synchronously demonstrates excellent depth of outreach and financial performance. Implications – Islamic Rural Banks in Indonesia need product innovation in equity financing to obtain a better depth of outreach and avoid mission drift. The simplicity of the practice in Murabaha can be a reference for product innovation in Islamic Rural Banks, while the government can support Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks' product innovation by providing appropriate regulations. Originality – This study seeks to fill the comparison gap between mission drifts in Indonesian Islamic rural bank financing. There is a limitation in studies of Islamic rural bank financing mission drifts in Indonesia since the comparison of mission drift deals only with Islamic microfinance at a global level.

This study explores the role of agent in the Islamic modes of financing in order to identify ambiguities/issues related with the role of agent in Murabaha, Salam, Istisna and Tijara. The research further discovers the view of the Shari’ah experts with respect to such ambiguities so that they can either be verified as Shari’ah issues or non- Shari’ah issues. The role of agent was examined using content analysis of the model documents used by Islamic banks followed by soliciting the views of the Shari’ah specialists through interviews. No Shari’ah issue was found in hiring the customer as agent by the bank in any Islamic modes or binding the agent to act as an “undisclosed agent”. Conversely, the supplier’s risk, was declared to be the obligation of the bank and transferring this risk to the agent was observed as a real issue from Shari’ah point of view in the practice of Murabaha. Similarly, the principal is not allowed to charge any penalty to the agent if he is working without negligence and in good faith. Shifting charges like transportation, storage, etc., to the agent is not correct. However, no Shari’ah issue was found in binding the agent to provide collateral/security, etc., to the bank. Nevertheless, no consensus was observed on binding the agent to provide corporate guarantee. This research appears to be a preliminary but important attempt of its nature examining the critical role of agent in Islamic modes of financing adding value to the body of knowledge in Islamic banking.

The objective of this research is to study the impact of applying the AAOIFIs in Islamic banks, while referring to the impact of applying the AAOIFIs in Arab countries, the focus being on the Iraqi Islamic banks. The major responsibility of the AAOIFIs is to guarantee that accounting methods comply with Sharia – Islamic law, which is only used by a few financial institutions in Islamic countries especially Islamic banks. The AAOIFIs are an enchanting prospect coming from the holy scripts. The researchers obtained the data for the study through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, distributed to 68 workers in the field of Islamic banks. The researchers received 52 responses from several Islamic banks. The study concluded with the set of results that Islamic banks are seeking for the profitability without increasing the security for their deposits or attracting more investors, and the customers of Islamic banks are seeking for “legal benefits” by their investment. The study led to the conclusion that the adoption of the AAOIFIs in Islamic banks will not help attracting foreign investments. The study suggested there is an urgent and actual need to adopt and implement the IFRSs instead of the AAOIFIs within the sample of the study and include other institutions with a similar environment like Islamic banks.

The objective of this research is to study the impact of applying the AAOIFIs in Islamic banks, while referring to the impact of applying the AAOIFIs in Arab countries, the focus being on the Iraqi Islamic banks. The major responsibility of the AAOIFIs is to guarantee that accounting methods comply with Sharia – Islamic law, which is only used by a few financial institutions in Islamic countries especially Islamic banks. The AAOIFIs are an enchanting prospect coming from the holy scripts. The researchers obtained the data for the study through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, distributed to 68 workers in the field of Islamic banks. The researchers received 52 responses from several Islamic banks. The study concluded with the set of results that Islamic banks are seeking for the profitability without increasing the security for their deposits or attracting more investors, and the customers of Islamic banks are seeking for “legal benefits” by their investment. The study led to the conclusion that the adoption of the AAOIFIs in Islamic banks will not help attracting foreign investments. The study suggested there is an urgent and actual need to adopt and implement the IFRSs instead of the AAOIFIs within the sample of the study and include other institutions with a similar environment like Islamic banks.

The concept of problem solving on financing in the Fatwa of DSN-MUI No. 49/DSN-MUI/II/2005 regarding the conversion of the murabaha contract, it is different from the developed concept by the Fukaha. In the fatwa, the settlement of problematic murabaha financing can be done by rescheduling, reconditioning and restructuring. Meanwhile, fukaha saw the settlement of problematic financing can be done with two contracts, namely sulh and taflis. This research is library research, a form of research whose data sources are obtained from the library. The approach to this research uses a normative juridical method. The primary data source in this study is the DSN fatwa No. 49/DSN-MUI/II/2005 concerning the conversion of murabaha contracts. The results show that based on the perspective of Islamic law, the settlement of problematic financing based on the fatwa of the National Sharia Council No. 49/SSN-MUI/II/2005 on the conversion of murabaha contracts and some Fiqh opinions are not contradictory. Dispute resolution in the DSN-MUI fatwa in principle combines the techniques contained in akd sulh and taflis.

This research aims to examine the effects of murabaha, mudharaba and musyaraka financing on the profitability in BNI Syaria Bank for the period 2010-2018. The research method used is descriptive kuantitatif methods. The data collection techniques carried out are the documentation study method and literature study. This research used secondary data obtained from financial statements that have been publication on BNI Syaria Bank website. The analysis technique that used in this research is multiple linear regression with a significance level of 5% and help of SPSS version 20. The results in this research indicates that (1)Murabaha, mudharaba, and musyaraka simultaneously influence the probability, (2)Murabaha has negative significant effect on Profitability, (3)Mudharaba has positive significant effect on Profitability, and (4)Musyaraka has not significant effect on Profitability of BNI Syaria Bank.

This research aims to identify the impact of financing contracts on the risks confronted by Islamic banks measured by Non-Performing Financing (NPF). The data indicate that the value of NPF tends to annually increase along with a value close to the maximum limit set by Bank Indonesia (BI). The data of this study utilized secondary data in the form of monthly time series data in the period of January 2014 to December 2017 and cross-section data from the two types of Islamic Banking (Bank Usaha Syariah and Unit Usaha Syariah). The result indicates that the financing scheme which is based on the empirical scheme of profit-sharing schemes is proven to increase financing risk.

In August 2018 the Religious Court accepted the Sharia Rural Bank Al-Mabrur, located in the city of Klaten, application as plaintiff under number 1135 / Pdt.G / 2018 / PA / Klt. They sued Tri Suyatmi and Panut Basuki, for their violation of disobeying the Murabaha contract number: 2414 / APJBM / AL MABRUR / VI / 2017. Based on the case above, a review of decision number 1135 / Pdt.g / 2018 / PA.Klt will be examined. In this article, we will review first of all, what is the basis for the consideration of the Klaten Religious Court judges in completing case number 1135 / Pdt.g / 2018 / PA.Klt. Secondly, Is the Religious Court judge's decision regarding the Murabaha contract in the Sharia Rural Bank Al-Mabrur in accordance with the DSN-MUI Fatwa? This research is a type of qualitative research, which uses an evaluative method that is by measuring certain benefits and activities, as well as collecting and analyzing data systematically to determine the value or benefits of the contents of decision file number 1135 / Pdt.g / 2018 / PA.Klt. The data were obtained from observations, interviews with Judges and Clerks of the Klaten Religious Court, and documents in the Religious Courts. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that: 1) Judge's decision on case number 1135 / Pdt.g / 2018 / PA.Klt is to declare legal Murabaha contract number 2414 / APJBM / AL MABRUR / VI / 2017, 2) Defendant is proven to have defaulted and must pay material compensation of Rp. 36,269,864 and pay the costs of the case, 3) The legal basis used by the Panel of Judges in setting decisions is in accordance with Islamic Economic Law, namely using the Fatwa of the Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) concerning the Murabaha contract

An increasing demand for a sharia-compliant housing has resulted in a new initiative where the mortgage can presently be directly handled by the developer without involving the bank. This is called non-bank Islamic mortgage. This paper is aimed at portraying the consumer’s profile of non-bank Islamic mortgage and the issues of this practice. We disseminated questionnaires to the respondents in several cities in West Java who bought the house-using non-bank Islamic mortgage scheme. Subsequently, we synthesized the answers regarding their profiles and issues of the scheme for the betterment in the future. One of the issues of this scheme is the higher fraud because there is no rigorous credit scoring as conducted by the bank. The research of non-bank Islamic mortgage is still scant so this paper is expected to shed the light by contributing to the literature of Islamic home financing.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v10i2.7274

In this study, new methods of financing and their impact on the profitability of companies are investigated in Iran's capital market. New financing methods include rental or leasing Sukuk issuance which can be considered as a suitable alternative for financing companies. Sukuk is an Islamic debt instrument that is backed by real assets to be released. In this study, financial information of 24 companies listed on Tehran stock exchange, which have attempted to issue Sukuk until the date of preparation of this study, has been studied using the econometric software EViews during the period 2007-2014. Research model employs the OLS regression approach and panel data estimates. Research results suggest that if companies use Ijarah Sukuk, the profit process in these companies is improved and profitability rises by increasing the use of islamic leasing bonds, but Murabaha Islamic bonds do not impact on profitability.

Recently Islamic banks are experiencing rapid growth in Islamic countries as well as non-Islamic countries. The profitability of the Islamic banks is based on the different instruments as a share of total financing. Mainly there are two categories of financing instruments are available, first is the trade based and the second is finance based. Modes of trade are instruments having low risk and fixed returns, whereas the modes of finance are instruments having high risk and possibly high returns. This study started with the proposition that both modes have different effects on the profitability as both have different roots in Islamic finance. For the analysis the data is collected which comprises of 19 full-fledged Islamic banks from 7 countries, the study used SEM framework controlling for macroeconomic effects and country effect. The results indicated that modes of finance have positive and modes of trade have a negative effect on the growth of assets and equity of Islamic banks. These results reiterate the faith-based model of Islamic finance and propose Islamic banks to promote the partnership based mode of finance, which is more socially beneficial to the banks and to the economy.

Over the last few years, Islamic trading transaction has become more popular in Indonesia. Retail trade in Islamic banks for an example. There are many Islamic banks in Indonesia that provide alternative business transactions and halal product in retail trade to the public based on Islamic law, but Islamic banks must obey not only the origins of Islamic law, such as the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah but also Islamic principle in terms of the prohibition of uncertainty, interest and gambling when they run their business in retail trade. One of the agreements in retail trade is Murabaha which involves several possible structures, notably direct trading, company (seller) purchases via an agent or a third party and murabaha via the customer as an Agent. However, there are several contemporary issues, particularly Murabaha via Shares and executing time of Murabaha that still need to be discussed whether they disobey Islamic law and basic Islamic principles or not.

Pakistan need to enhance the liquidity management framework for its growing Islamic finance industry. Sukuk is a best Shariah-compliant debt instrument for short term liquidity needs since Sukuk is highly tradable instrument with low level of market risk. In view of that, there is an increasing trend in the global issuances of corporate and sovereign Sukuk. Therefore, this case study aims to explore the issuance of Sukuk in Malaysia as an example. Malaysia is dominating the Sukuk Market and has been issuing Sukuk since 1990. The underlying structure of the proposed Sukuk model for Pakistan is Istisna that is an Islamic project bond. Pakistan has the potential to replicate the Sukuk model of Malaysia. However, it is required to have an active secondary trading market in order to develop an effective and dynamic Sukuk market.

This study analyzes the risk of profit-and-loss sharing finance in IndonesianIslamic banking. Data used is secondary data obtained from the Financial ServicesAuthority’s 2009-2014 publication. Financing risk is measured by risk returnand opportunity cost. Results of the study show that risk return in mudharabafinancing is more volatile than that in musharaka as it is potentially driven byagency problems. In all groups of banks, higher incomes are more promising inmudharaba than musharaka; but individually musharaka is more attractiveto Islamic Rural Bank groups, and vice versa for the Sharia Bank groups. Theone side it is more secure for Islamic banking to allocate funds in musharakacontract, which is an alternative to murabaha. However, musharaka contractis less attractive due to lower potential returns. Although high returns are morepromising in mudaraba, this financing mode has higher risk of returnsDOI: 10.15408/aiq.v8i1.2511

Modes of financing in Islamic banking system are generally categorized as Sharaiah based financing like Musharakah, Mudarabah and Shariah compliant financing like Murabaha , Ijarah etc. Islamic banks should have adopted and promoted Sharaiah based financial instruments but instead they have been predominantly using Sharaiah compliant modes especially Murabaha due to some valid reasons. The aim of this paper is to highlight and know the level of satisfaction of the clients, businessmen, entrepreneurs, professionals, academicians and Islamic banking experts of the prevalent structure and use of Murabaha by the Islamic banks in Pakistan.

Most countries see Islamic finance as an alternative system to the existing traditional one. Because its stability during the financial crisis showed its reliability. As the Islamic finances required to be invested in the real assets, such socially significant industries as agriculture, infrastructure construction can be developed with the help of the Islamic finances. As for Kazakhstan our government takes serious steps to develop this sphere in our country. In this article we offer agriculture for investment attracting from the Islamic world.

This research deals with a doctrinal matter related to financial requests, which is deduction from debts for payment hastening purpose when there is a relation between the creditor and a debtor, and the debt is delayed, so deduction is made from that debt when the creditor wants to hasten payment of his debt.The researcher showed in this research rules of this subj ect, which comes in four points: 1-Explanation of hastening of debt payment before due time. 2-Reason for debt. 3-Due time of debt. 4-Stating a condition for deduction. Clarification of these points came in four topics. In these topics, the research used scholars' words and attestations related to these points. He also compared their sayings. Moreover, the researcher linked the research subject with two other contemporary subjects, the first subject is: variable profiting, and the second one is: fines of delay. The researcher finally closed his research by mentioning the most significant results… May Allah bless us and guide us all the straight path.

This study analyzes the risk of profit-and-loss sharing finance in Indonesian Islamic banking. Data used is secondary data obtained from the Financial Services Authority’s 2009-2014 publication. Financing risk is measured by risk return and opportunity cost. Results of the study show that risk return in mudharaba financing is more volatile than that in musharaka as it is potentially driven by agency problems. In all groups of banks, higher incomes are more promising in mudharaba than musharaka; but individually musharaka is more attractive to Islamic Rural Bank groups, and vice versa for the Sharia Bank groups. The one side it is more secure for Islamic banking to allocate funds in musharaka contract, which is an alternative to murabaha. However, musharaka contract is less attractive due to lower potential returns. Although high returns are more promising in mudaraba, this financing mode has higher risk of returns.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v8i1.1793

Lembaga-lembaga keuangan Islam, akan diterima apabila dapat memenuhi tuntutan objektif yang berlandaskan efesiensi. Dan akan bertahan juga berkembang jika mampu menawarkan keserbapraktisan dan kelebihpraktisan bagi ummat dalam urusan keuangan, baik untuk menyimpan maupun untuk meminjam. Lembaga-lembaga keuangan pun harus mampu memberikan kepada calon nasabahnya dalam mendapatkan kredit/pembiayaan berikut segala konsekuensinya, serta dalam menyediakan imbalan bagi simpanan yang dititipkan ummat yang menjadi nasabahnyaDOI: 10.15408/aiq.v1i1.2451