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Marine ecological environmental management constitutes a fundamental pillar in the establishment of a comprehensive worldwide marine governance framework. Employing bibliometric methodologies, this article systematically explores and explicates the developmental history and prevailing focal points of research pertaining to marine ecological environmental governance spanning the period from 1990 to 2022. The findings of this study unveil an exponential surge in the publication of relevant literature since 2013. Notably, the majority of these research has been disseminated through high-impact journals such as Ecological Indicators, Science of the Total Environment and Marine Pollution Bulletin. Throughout the past three decades, the global pursuit of marine ecological environmental governance has evolved from an initial emphasis on pollution sources to the protection of ecosystems, subsequently including global environmental concerns, thus embracing problem-oriented and comprehensive solutions. The results of this study demonstrate that the present focal points predominantly revolve around the implications of microplastic pollution on marine sediments, the mechanisms underlying the restoration of marine ecosystems in nature reserves, as well as the analysis of factors driving environmental changes and the formulation of corresponding response strategies. Finally, this article proffers a number of recommendations and perspectives for future research in global marine ecological environmental governance.

Beautiful Bay is the main task of marine eco-environmental protection during 2021-2025. In recent years, Jiangsu has fully implemented the deployment requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on promoting the construction of Beautiful Bay, and became the first one to establish a series of funding policies and whole-process supervision systems for Beautiful Bay in China. The construction of the first provincial demonstration projects of Beautiful Bay was organized and carried out, which has been a good example for the construction of Beautiful Bay in China. Based on the analysis of the progress, problems and challenges in the construction of Beautiful Bay in Jiangsu Province in recent years, this paper discusses the practical path for the construction of Beautiful Bay in Jiangsu Province and puts forward the following suggestions: improving water quality in coastal waters by coordinating land and sea areas, focusing on areas where water quality is not stable enough to meet standards and controlling rivers flowing into the sea; Improving coordination mechanisms and carrying out construction of Beautiful Bay in a coordinated manner; Expanding the space and improving the quality of marine services by restoring damaged shoals, strengthening the management of marine garbage, and improving supporting public facilities; Strengthening the assessment of the ecological environment of the bay and promoting the construction of Beautiful Bay in batches. The above suggestions will help the marine ecological environment improve fundamentally.

In order to promote the protection of regional marine ecological environment and marine biodiversity, this paper analyzed the development status of marine protected areas in 9 coastal countries in Southeast Asia, put forward their development characteristics and difficulties, and put forward suggestions for relevant cooperation in China. The results showed that Vietnam, Malaysia, Cambodia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand had different legal frameworks, management methods and development status of marine protected areas. The COVID-19 and the country′s political situation had affected to varying degrees to the development of marine protected areas in Southeast Asia. China could strengthen the cooperation with Southeast Asian countries in marine biodiversity conservation on the basis of the existing framework.

With the development of marine economy, the exploitation of marine resources has gradually changed from single stereo exploitation to multi-layered stereo exploitation, and the intensity and density of exploitation have been increasing, so the marine ecological environment is facing great pressure. In order to alleviate the contradiction between the tension of sea use and the protection of ecological environment and improve the comprehensive benefits of sea use, it is urgent to explore the ecological, intensive, stereo and modern sea use mode. Therefore, the concept of "stereo intensive and ecological sea use" came into being. Through listing the typical cases of the stereo intensive and ecological sea use at home and abroad, the characteristics of sea use were summarized and the future application was discussed in this paper. The stereo, intensive and ecological sea use would bring about the adjustment and reform of the marine management system, which would help China to blaze a coordinated path of high-quality development and high-level protection of marine space in the future.

To promote the harmonious and sustainable development of mariculture and marine ecological environmental protection in China, this paper selected Chinese and English literature data from authoritative databases, composed and analyzed the research progress of aquaculture in marine protected areas based on CiteSpace software, and discussed it according to the actual situation. The results showed that the number of papers on aquaculture in marine protected areas was relatively small but showed a gradual increase, and recently the number of papers in English literature had exceeded that in Chinese literature. The high-frequency keywords in both Chinese and English literature included biodiversity, with the English literature focusing on climate change and biological community structure, and the Chinese literature focusing on landscape pattern and environmental pollution. Both Chinese and English literature paid high attention to the spatial distribution pattern of aquaculture in marine protected areas and its impact on endangered protected species. The English literature had begun to focus on the positive impact of aquaculture on the functional diversity of the ecological environment, while the Chinese literature was still mainly concerned with the negative impact. Aquaculture had both positive and negative impacts on the ecological environment of marine protected areas. Further scientific research should be conducted, along with the implementation of marine protected areas zoning management, development of green cultivation, and strengthening of top-level design.

In order to scientifically formulate the sea area spatial planning and make full use of marine resources, this paper combed the existing sea use types and existing problems in Liaoning Province, drew lessons from the sea use types and development trend of developed countries, predicted and analyzed the sea use situation in Liaoning Province from the perspective of multiple objectives according to the sea use demand and the favorable conditions to meet the sea use demand, and put forward some suggestions on sea use management. The results showed that Liaoning Province had many types of sea use, such as fishery sea area and industrial sea area. However, there were some problems, such as unbalanced sea use structure, imperfect sea area spatial planning and marine function zoning, low level of economical and intensive sea use, deterioration of marine ecological environment and insufficient ecological sea use. The sea use management measures adopted by developed countries according to different purposes could provide enlightenment to Liaoning Province. In view of the sea use demand of marine fishery transformation and upgrading, marine ecological sustainable development, marine industrial structure adjustment and marine three-dimensional development, combined with the favorable conditions of marine fishery, Liaoning Province could develop various types of sea use such as leisure fishery and renewable energy with the main goal of ecological protection, economic development and the balance between economic development and ecological protection. In the future, Liaoning Province′s sea use management should build a sea use data sharing platform, formulate land and sea area spatial planning, implement and improve the "multi compliance and one" management system, strengthen public participation and strengthen regional exchanges and cooperation.

In order to strengthen the management of aquaculture sea and realize the sustainable development of mariculture industry in China, based on the definition of the types of aquaculture sea, this paper comprehensively evaluated the current situation and existing problems of aquaculture sea in China, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions. The results showed that the aquaculture sea usage included open mariculture and cofferdam mariculture. The area of aquaculture sea had shown an overall increasing trend, but a decreasing trend in recent years, and had the characteristics of uneven distribution, mainly open mariculture and cofferdam mariculture occupying a large number of natural shorelines. At present, there were some problems in China′s aquaculture sea, such as the squeeze of sea space, illegal use of sea, serious impact of marine disasters, marine ecological environment pollution, cross management and unclear rights and responsibilities. In the future, we should promote the supply side structural reform of aquaculture sea and expand the space of blue aquaculture, strengthen the control of the use of sea resources and optimize the sea space for aquaculture, reinforce the construction of marine ecological civilization and improve the ecological environment of aquaculture sea areas.

There is an interactive relationship between mariculture and marine ecological environment. Based on the results of super-efficiency DEA model and Nemero index, this paper analyzed the evolution of the relationship between mariculture and marine ecological environment in Changshan Islands from 2006 to 2018 by the coupled coordination relationship model. The results indicated that: (1) The efficiency of mariculture in Changshan Islands showed an inverted U-shaped change trend, and its development level was still in the stage of extensive development, and needed to be improved in terms of technology application and scale efficiency. (2) With the rapid development of the nearshore aquaculture industry, the marine ecological environmental qualities gradually deteriorated from 2006 to 2013, but improved to a certain extent after 2014. (3) The coupling degree denoted that the relationship between mariculture and marine ecological environment had undergone a transition from antagonistic to highly coupled relationship. The coordination degree showed an upward trend from 2006 to 2011, but fluctuated after 2012 with low absolute value, which indicated that the relationship between human and sea was in a conflict game.

In order to effectively prevent and control the impact of reclamation activities on the marine ecological environment, according to the relevant technical guidelines, taking the pressure of habitat, organisms and ecosystem as the index, and based on the survey results of marine ecological environment, this paper evaluated the cumulative impact of reclamation projects on the stability of Meizhou Bay ecosystem, and put forward some suggestions. The results showed that with the increasing intensity of reclamation activities, the marine ecological environment of Meizhou Bay deteriorated significantly from 2010 to 2013, and the stability index of the bay ecosystem showed a downward trend, reaching the degree of serious damage since 2012. We should strictly control the large-scale reclamation activities in Meizhou Bay, focus on the habitat restoration of fishery resources and benthos, and optimize the assignment of primary productivity in the technical guidelines.

In order to deal with the marine environmental pollution and protect the marine ecological environment effectively, this paper analyzed the current legislative situation and existing shortcomings of China′s emergency disposal of marine environmental pollution emergencies and put forward the countermeasures and suggestions based on clarifying the basic concepts, classifications and characteristics of marine environmental pollution emergencies. The results showed that marine environmental pollution emergency was one of the types of environmental emergencies, and the causes could be classified into natural factors and human factors, which were characterized by complex pollution sources, sudden and uncertain, serious harmful consequences and difficult emergency treatment. At present, China′s constitution and laws had relevant provisions on environmental emergencies, while the legal norms specifically regulated the emergency disposal of marine environmental pollution emergencies were mostly found in administrative regulations and rules. Taken the problem as the orientation, the construction of China′s legal system for emergency disposal of marine environmental pollution emergency should further improve the emergency plan system, improve the way of collecting risk information, clarify the functions and responsibilities of law enforcement entities, establish an emergency linkage mechanism, improve the public participation system, establish an accountability system for corporate information reporting, and improve the follow-up investigation and evaluation system and related compensation system.