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The descriptive field study showcases how the HR controlling “Key Performance Indicators” of an industry leading company (Ongropack Ltd.) have evolved step by step from the state without professional history to the professional level. The milestones are presented in a clear tabular form. Finally, I set up a simple, transparent and efficient dashboard version of the KPI structure (completed with rarely published real company data). The sole source of the field study is the data collection from company databases and HR documents, according to the social constructionist research methodology.

In order to make management decisions to ensure the sustainable development of the enterprise, appropriate accounting support is required, an important element of which is integrated reporting. Since 2018, medium and large agricultural enterprises in Ukraine have been required to prepare a Management Report. In practice, during the preparation of this report, questions still arise because the information requirements for this element of integrated reporting grow every year. The article aims to analyze the legal regulation of the formation of integrated reporting by agricultural enterprises and identify problems related to the preparation of integrated reporting in Ukraine. The regulatory and legal regulation structure of financial and non-financial indicators of integrated reporting in Ukraine was disclosed. An analysis of indicators that must be disclosed in integrated reporting has been carried out. It has been established that the appearance of a mandatory, independent Management Report in Ukraine results from the implementation of EU Directives. The Management Report is intended to supplement financial reporting with non-financial information that characterizes the state and prospects of the enterprise's development, reflecting its activity's main risks and uncertainties. At present, a precise mechanism for the publication of non-financial statements is not defined by law, and responsibility for the completeness and reliability of the published information in non-financial statements is not provided. At the same time, Ukrainian enterprises are gradually joining the practice of compiling integrated reporting and placing it freely available on their websites. This study will help enterprises better understand the requirements governing the preparation and publication process of integrated reporting, particularly the Management Report.

Purpose: The article aims to assess whether the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the financial results of selected companies in the development and automotive industries in Poland. Methodology/research approach: The research looked at individual and consolidated annual reports of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, covering the real estate and automotive sectors. All (seven in total) annual stock exchange reports of companies listed on the stock exchange from the automotive sector were examined. Furthermore, in the real estate sector (29 out of 29), annual reports of companies listed on the stock exchange were examined. The method used was to analyze the full versions of the narrative sections of the annual separate and consolidated financial statements. The auditors reports and the entitys management reports were also analyzed.Findings: Two of the seven examined automotive companies recorded a loss and described in their additional explanatory notes the uncertainty regarding the going concern. The audited real estate companies showed no losses and did not present any threats to going concern.Research limitations/implications: The study was limited to two industries representing durable goods. It would also be worth verifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial reporting of companies representing other sectors. Due to the successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, it would be interesting to analyze financial statements over three reporting periods.Originality/value: The article verifies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial reporting and the financial results of companies in the durable goods sector: real estate and automotive.

In order to promote the transparency, completeness and relevance of accounting and reporting information, the article presents proposals for the development of analytical support for the Management Report. It is recommended to analyze the ISSN 1994-1749. 2021. Вип. 3 (50) Проблеми теорії та методології бухгалтерського обліку, контролю та аналізу 49 Management Report in the following stages: disclosure of information on financial results; analysis of liquidity and liabilities; disclosure of information on environmental aspects of activities; disclosure of information on social aspects and personnel policy; study of the prospects for the development of enterprises; analysis of the state of corporate governance. Approbation of the proposed approach made it possible to identify differences and similar aspects of generating reports on the management of electricity distribution enterprises. In particular, it was found that there is no unified approach to the use of liquidity and liabilities indicators, therefore it is recommended to use absolute liquidity indicators and coverage ratio. The environmental aspects of companies’ activities have been identified and an insufficient level of disclosure of relevant information in the management reports of electricity distribution enterprises has been established. Research in the reports of personnel policy and social issues allowed establishing equal career opportunities for all categories of personnel, timely training and professional development of the operational needs of the company. It was found that the prospects for the development of all studied enterprises are efficient use of resources and reducing the impact on the environment, increasing industrial safety and timely renewal of electrical networks and equipment.

The purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities and correctness of preparation and submission of reporting information by business entities in difficult conditions, namely during martial law in Ukraine. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the theory of cognition, a systematic approach to the study and improvement of the organization and methodology of management reporting by business entities under martial law in Ukraine to meet the information needs of stakeholders. The methods of generalization, comparison, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction were used in the process of substantiating the rules for the formation and submission of management reporting, as well as the reflection of risks in the use of credit resources by business entities in the conditions of war in Ukraine. Results. The scientific article reveals the peculiarities of management reporting under martial law, in particular: the importance of creating a management report at the legislative level is revealed; a fragment of the management report on the direction "Liquidity and liabilities", namely in terms of long-term and current credit resources, is proposed; a fragment of the management report in the section "Risks" is presented; the methodology for filling in information about risks is outlined. Practical implications. Despite the state of war, the timely submission of information on the financial condition and performance of various business entities remains an important and timely topic. This makes it possible to timely respond to problematic aspects of market participants' activities by amending legislation and regulations. The proposed fragments of the Management Report, as well as the algorithm for filling in the relevant indicators of Section 6 "Risks" of the Management Report, make it possible to develop information support for the management of such risks at enterprises in general. Value/originality. The value of the study is the fragments of reporting documents proposed by the authors, namely the management report, the management report in the section "Risks", as well as algorithms for filling them out.

The necessity of researching the analysis of factors influencing the disclosure of strategic information in integrated reporting is grounded. A model of policy for disclosure of strategically oriented accounting information in integrated reports is developed. It is determined that such a policy is a compromise between the benefits of disclosing strategically oriented accounting information in integrated reports and accounting information security of the enterprise. The reasons for the risk of unfavorable decisions by stakeholders as a result of the publication of integrated reporting are substantiated. The reasons for the need to limit the disclosure of strategic information in integrated reporting are analyzed. The need for the use of new and less costly methods of communicating and disclosing additional information to users to minimize the cost of disclosing strategic information in integrated reporting is identified. The concept of integrated reporting in a broad sense and features of its disclosure in Ukraine are analyzed. Perspectives of the development of integrated reporting as a tool for strategic accounting communications are grounded.

This paper investigates the relationship between audit committee financial expertise, particularly considering specific accounting financial expertise, and the readability of management reports. Additionally, this study also examines whether the effect of financial experts is moderated by the intensity of the audit committee’s activity. The dataset for directors’ characteristics is hand-collected as are the management reports. The sample is composed of Spanish listed firms for the period 2013-2015. The results show a negative association between financial expertise, especially accounting financial expertise, and the readability of management reports. In addition, this association is accentuated with higher number of audit committees’ meetings. This evidence stimulates the debate on the advantages of having members with financial expertise in the audit committee. Otherwise, the use of contextual approaches in further studies regarding the role of directors is recommended. In addition, this could help regulators and professionals to guide their requirements and recommendations about directors’ qualifications.

The article is concerned with the issues of assessing the intellectual property rights as part of intangible assets of enterprises. The article is aimed at substantiating the theoretical principles and improving methodological approaches to the assessment of intangible assets in the process of formation of the value of enterprise. The normative-legal regulation of valuation of intangible assets in order to determine the value of intangible assets of enterprises in monetary terms for the purposes of accounting and in the field of professional valuation activity is studied. The interrelationship of approaches of independent professional estimation and accounting valuation in order to apply it to the needs of accountance is specified. Described are the cost (based on determining the cost of expenses, necessary for the reproduction or substitution of the valuation object), profit (used to determine the valuation of intellectual property rights, based on the application of assessing procedures for transferring the expected profit to the value of the assessed object) and comparative (determines the market value of an intangible asset, when there is sufficient reliable information on prices in the market of such objects and the terms of contracts for the disposal of property rights to such objects) approaches to the valuation of intangible assets. The formulas for computing the value of intangible assets based on the cost approach are provided. The assessment of intangible assets is carried out according to the above specified formulas of the cost approach on the example of a patent for invention. It is determined that in the absence of an active market to determine the fair value of intangible assets, it is advisable to apply the cost approach, namely: the method of direct reproduction.

Integrated reporting enables to provide interested users with non-financial information, including data about social activities and enterprise staff. Labor resources are a necessary source that causes the development of the company, and effective investment in human capital allows achieving strategic goals in a minimum amount of time. Consequently, the reflection in the reporting of human capital data is of great value, since currently investing in this type of capital amounts to a significant share. The nature of information about human capital and strategies for its management is subject to disclosure in integrated reporting and allows users to valuate the efficiency of such investments. The publication is aimed at considering the peculiarities of the preparation of integrated reporting in terms of social and labor indicators, with a substantiation of such indicators. An analysis of functions and constituents of integrated reporting, principles of formation of integrated reporting in accordance with the international standard of integrated reporting is carried out. The composition of the management report in accordance with regulatory requirements, as well as the composition of the report on the management of a number of enterprises are analyzed. On this basis, a proposal as to the list of social and labor indicators of integrated reporting is formed and formulas for their evaluation to integrate all indicators into a single one are suggested. Using this formula, one can compare different enterprises and draw a reasonable conclusion about the work of the enterprise in this direction. In the future, the development of integrated reporting should be aimed at developing and refining the system of indicators and generalizing management provision in the process of preparing internal integrated reporting.

The coronacrisis accelerated the process of economic digitization. New technologies are changing approaches to the organization of labor, as a result of a process of changing classic business models. The competitive environment in all market sectors is changing. Businesses at all levels are working to integrate technology for creating a sustainable, mobile, and digital business model. Accordingly, to ensure this process, technical support in the form of data hubs, data centers, etc. is required. ISSN 1994-1749. 2020. Вип. 3 (47) Проблеми теорії та методології бухгалтерського обліку, контролю і аналізу 70 Strategies of digitalization of different countries are considered. It is determined that the digitization process provides these basic factors for the beginning of qualitative changes: infrastructure upgrades, expansion of databases, widespread mobile devices with a high level of communication capabilities, increasing accessibility and expanding the use of the Internet. As a result, digitalization leads to a general «connection» and the total impact of these processes on all sectors of the economy: industry, transport, finance, health, education, and others. For an objective assessment of performance and business opportunities, it is proposed to include in the management report information on development prospects, key risks, the achievement of declared goals, and strategic plans, taking into account the degree of consequences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Businesses should review their accounting and reporting policies to provide accurate and up-to-date information on stakeholder performance.

The research is devoted to the analysis of the European and Ukrainian experience of banks’ management report audit assurance, the disclosure of the national features of such assurance using the case study of 75 state-owned banks, banks with private and foreign capital in Ukraine, and the specific features of audit verification of this report in the current crisis conditions. It was discovered that the requirements of national regulatory documents and guidelines for preparing a management report for banking institutions generally comply with the European approaches, particularly with Directive 2014/95/EU, Directive 2013/34/EU, and Directive 2014/56/EU (Legislation of EU, 2013, 2014). However, specific national requirements for the content of the report and the procedure for its audit are duplicated, intersect, and create inaccuracies in the disclosure of non-financial information by banks. Besides, the requirements for the reflection of the information on the management report in the independent auditors’ report of the studied banks of Ukraine are partially met. The common challenges for accounting and audit support for the management report for Ukrainian and European banks are disclosed in terms of the current crisis caused by global health risks and their economic consequences for banks.

The purpose of the article is to develop scientific approaches to the methodology of reporting on natural capital improving as a basis for its indicators disclosing in the context of environmental economy sustainable development. It is substantiated that switching to the system of complex state monitoring of the environment and improving the decision-making process information supporting system is possible by generating various reports, which should provide information on the use of natural capital. It is proved that in order to improve the accounting system in terms of forming an information base for environmental management and developing a mechanism for transferring information from financial to voluntary statements it is advisable to fill the financial statements on natural capital use indicators. Changes have been made to the Financial Reporting Form 1 «Balance Sheet». Schemes of transferring information from accounting records to Balance Sheet were developed. The analysis of the proposed reporting forms indicators allows us to determine changes in the value of environmental assets and sources of their formation, which will attract the attention of professionals involved in environmental activities to identify the causes that led to these changes. In order to determine the financial results of operations related to environmental activities it is proposed to amend Reporting Form 2 «Financial Statements». The conducted analysis of the food industry enterprises practical activity and stakeholders’ requests for environmental in «Management Report» by sections: rational use of water; waste management; greenhouse gas emissions; energy consumption and environmental management.

One of the directions for the development of additional disclosure of accounting information in the corporate governance system is to improve the content and the procedure for the presentation of the Management Report by corporate structures. As the European experience in reporting shows, which includes non-financial indicators, today the development of the content of the Management Report on the basis of improving its regulatory regulation is relevant taking into account the requirements and needs of stakeholders of corporate structures. The purpose of the article is to find ways to improve the Management Report as a means of additional disclosure of accounting information in corporate structures. To achieve this goal, methods of analysis and synthesis, modeling, a tabular research method were used. The relevance of the development of the content of the Management Report was substantiated based on the improvement of its regulatory regulation. The analysis of the regulatory features of the disclosure of non-financial information was carried out. As a basis for comparison, the Guidelines for the preparation of the management report, Directive 2013/34/EU and Directive 2014/95/EU were selected. The analysis of existing forms of punishment in case of non-compliance with the requirements for the publication of non-financial information in the EU countries was carried out. Proposals concerning the punishment in case of untimely disclosure, distortion or concealment of non-financial information by Ukrainian companies were submitted. The composition of indicators for such sections as «Environmental Aspects», «Social Aspects and Personnel Policy», «Research and Innovation» of the Management Report was disclosed. The result of the study is the author's suggestions for improvement the Guidelines for the preparation of a management report. In addition, the necessity of forming a common policy at the corporate structure level on the disclosure of additional accounting information in the form of financial and non-financial indicators was substantiated.

The Directive 2014/95/EU imposes new requirements regarding the disclosure of non-financial information (NFI). The aim of this paper is to analyse the NFI disclosed by Spanish listed companies. This is a pioneering study in Spain, since it was conducted during the first year in which NFI disclosure was mandatory, according to the requirements of the Spanish adaptation of Directive. We determine whether decisions on NFI reporting adopted in this respect (i.e. to do so within the management report or as a separate sustainability report) depend on the company’s characteristics. In addition, we consider whether the content of such reports differs significantly. Findings show that some Spanish companies do not disclose mandatory NFI. Larger and more profitable companies, which belong to specific sectors and have a sustainability committee, are more likely to disclose this information in a sustainability report. The contents of management and sustainability reports present significant differences.

The author's aim is to identify the links between two reporting systems: financial and nonfinancial.In this article, the connection between the financial statements and the management report will be shown. The work concerns the management report after the introduction of theobligation of non-financial reporting in the form of additional information in this report, or by means of a separate statement on non-financial information.The objective was achieved by means of literature studies in the field of accounting, as well as the analysis of legal acts, based on which the relations between the two reports should bedetermined. Deductive and inductive reasoning and the method of critical, comparative and descriptive analysis and synthesis were used to formulate conclusions. The existence of linksbetween the management report and the financial statement has been demonstrated. These links may pose a risk of repetition and non-compliance. It is desirable that these links should be madeclear to people responsible for drawing up both reports. Particular attention should be paid to the presentation of this information and steps should be taken in the accounting internal controlprocedures and internal audit, perhaps to confirm that the relevant information has been reconciled and to avoid unnecessary repetition.The results of the research show that there are so many connections, including non-financial information, that it is worthwhile to provide them and their verification as a conscious andorganized activity. This will build the image of the company in the eyes of the report readers.

The author's aim is to identify the links between two reporting systems: financial and nonfinancial.In this article, the connection between the financial statements and the management report will be shown. The work concerns the management report after the introduction of theobligation of non-financial reporting in the form of additional information in this report, or by means of a separate statement on non-financial information.The objective was achieved by means of literature studies in the field of accounting, as well as the analysis of legal acts, based on which the relations between the two reports should bedetermined. Deductive and inductive reasoning and the method of critical, comparative and descriptive analysis and synthesis were used to formulate conclusions. The existence of linksbetween the management report and the financial statement has been demonstrated. These links may pose a risk of repetition and non-compliance. It is desirable that these links should be madeclear to people responsible for drawing up both reports. Particular attention should be paid to the presentation of this information and steps should be taken in the accounting internal controlprocedures and internal audit, perhaps to confirm that the relevant information has been reconciled and to avoid unnecessary repetition.The results of the research show that there are so many connections, including non-financial information, that it is worthwhile to provide them and their verification as a conscious andorganized activity. This will build the image of the company in the eyes of the report readers.

Strategy reporting is of high interest to investors and can be seen as decision-useful information. The focus of this study is to analyze the determinants of the quality of voluntary strategy disclosure in German management reports of capital market-oriented companies. Based on a theoretical analysis, hypotheses are formulated to investigate the determinants of the quality of voluntary strategy disclosure. In order to test the hypotheses, a number of statistical tests are performed, especially multiple regression analyses. It is based on a unique hand-collected dataset with a self-constructed scoring model, which measures the quality of voluntary strategy disclosure. The sample comprises 110 largest companies in Germany for the period between 2014 and 2018. The results indicate that firm size, firm growth and capital intensity determine voluntary strategy disclosure significantly and positively. Conversely, firm age, financial leverage, ownership structure and profitability do not have a significant relationship with voluntary strategy disclosure. The results are robust to different statistical analysis. This research provides insights into a neglected topic in academia and helps decision-makers in practice and regulators to better understand voluntary strategy disclosure of capital market-oriented companies.

The new requirements of the Law «On Accounting and Financial Reporting» demand enterprises to publish the «Management Report» in order to supplement the annual financial statements with information that should help users obtain reliable data on the results of activities, development prospects, major risks, achievement of declared objectives and strategic plans.The combination of financial and non-financial information is typical for integrated reporting, which has recently emerged in world-wide reporting practice. The article analyzes how legislative changes can sort out the issues that exist in Ukrainian reporting practice, as well as identify problems that may arise at the enterprises in the process of publishing new reporting. It is determined that in order to improve the quality of the «Management Report», western practice should be taken into account. The conclusions were made based on the comparative analysis of non-financial reports of Ukrainian and world companies. When preparing a report for an enterprise it is important to determine its form, since the form itself influences the expansion of the user’s circle, increasing their loyalty and consolidating a positive reputation at the market. The global trends of development of reporting point to the fact that integrated reporting is becoming widespread, as it accurately disclose information on cost creation in the context of six types of capital, in particular, social. In turn, the distribution of financial and non-financial reporting stops to be relevant because such reporting is not sufficiently accessible, objective and incapable of meeting the information needs of all stakeholders. Therefore, the «Management Report» can positively affect the quality of reports published by Ukrainian enterprises and contribute to the development of integrated reporting.

This study expands our knowledge about the readability of accounting narratives, their extension and companies’ compliance with good governance practices. It also covers a gap in the analysis of the readability of narrative information written in Spanish. We examined the readability in Management Reports of Spanish companies listed on the Continuous Market of the Madrid Stock Exchange during the period 2010–2016. The results reveal that the most extensive management reports — that is, those with the greatest quantities of text — are the least readable and that the use of visual elements in reports helps to improve their readability. Moreover, companies that follow good governance practices issue complex information with clarity, speed, and simplicity, which improves the readability of accounting narratives.

In modern conditions, the possibilities of Accounting Reporting do not meet the tasks of contentment the information needs of users of accounting data, which are aimed at obtaining evidence of the stable and sustainable functioning of both the business entity and the region where it operates, and the state as a whole. The subject of the article is the different approaches to the preparation of integrated reporting and features of the formation of indicators. Integrated corporate reporting defines a single format for providing interested consumers with information about the company's activities, risks and potential for quality services, covers financial and non-financial reporting and discloses the effectiveness of economic, environmental and social activities of the company, ensuring transparency of information on business risks and management. At present, enterprises in Ukraine compile a report that combines financial indicators and indicators that characterize some important social aspects – Management Report. The paper considers the concept of cost reporting, the key idea of which is to achieve greater informativeness of accounting indicators through corporate reporting and the development of standards of non-financial information that reflects the industry specifics of the enterprise. The purpose of the work is a detailed consideration of the essence of integrated reporting, problems of its compilation, analysis of existing approaches to the formation of indicators of integrated reporting of different companies taking into account the needs of users, justification of indicators included in integrated reporting. The study used a set of methods and approaches, such as dialectical, synthesis and comparative, systemic. The article solves such tasks as analysis of functions and components of integrated reporting, analysis of the Management Report and indicators that form it, determining the features of its preparation by different companies, the basic principles of integrated reporting in accordance with the international standard of integrated reporting. The obtained results are a detailed analysis of the indicators of the management report and the introduction of prerequisites for the effective formation of such indicators. Conclusions: Further development of integrated reporting should focus on such important aspects as the development of a system of financial and non-financial indicators, methods of obtaining information, generalization of various management systems (management accounting, monitoring, analysis of financial stability) in the preparation of internal integrated reporting.

COVID-19 management is a hot topic due to its extensive spread across the world and the declaration of pandemic status. How a crisis is managed in each country is influenced by several factors, and various strategies are applied in accordance with these factors in order to manage the crisis. Due to the rapid spread and increasing trend of the crisis and the fact that almost more than half of the countries are engaged in this pandemic, it is impossible to apply trial-and-error based strategies. One of the best strategies is to use the experiences of other countries in dealing with COVID-19. This report explores the advantages and weaknesses of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the management of this crisis in regard with political economic and cultural issues, health service coverage, and the transparency of information that can be used as a model for other countries around the world.

This paper examines banking industry practice in the area of circular economy reporting with the specific emphasis on waste management reporting in this sector. Paper answers the basic question - is financial service sector exempt from the circular economy reporting requirements having low material usage and resource consumption? Manuscript indicates that in Serbia waste management reporting in banks is in the early stage. Most of the waste management indicators in banks are included as integral part of sustainability reports or as part of management report. Paper indicates that less than half of the bank population in Serbia prepares standard report required by the Environmental Protection Agency. Having in mind these results, banks managers and state officials should take into consideration the fact that most of the banks do not report on flow of waste and most of these indicators are not regularly published on website implying that stakeholders and investors are not adequately informed on the inclusion of banks into circular economy environment. Lagging behind waste management requirements could be potentially hazardous having in mind the fact that Serbia strives towards European Union membership where the legislation and practical alignment with the EU regulation is inevitable process.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade das práticas de controle interno evidenciadas no Relatório de Gestão, pelas Superintendências dos Estados brasileiros, e verificar a simetria de percepção sobre tais práticas. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos quadros de autoavaliação constantes Do Relatório de Gestão, reportado anualmente ao Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU). A análise quantitativa adota estatística descritiva e a entropia informacional, a qual possibilitou inferir sobre a qualidade das práticas de controle interno e a convergência ou divergência de percepções dos gestores das 24 Unidades da Federação investigadas. Os resultados evidenciaram que há aspectos e conceitos de controles internos mais bem gerenciados e esclarecidos dentro das Unidades Jurisdicionadas, como é o caso do ambiente de controle e a informação e comunicação. Por outro lado, também existem aspectos que trazem discordância de opiniões entre os gestores e as deficiências apontadas, conforme os valores atribuídos na autoavaliação. Indicam que alguns aspectos de controle interno requerem maior atenção, em especial a avaliação de riscos, os procedimentos de controle e o monitoramento. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of internal control practices highlighted in the Management Report, the Superintendence of Brazilian states, and to verify that the similarity in the perception of such practices. Data were collected from the tables of self-assessment contained in the Management Report, reported annually to the Tribunal de Contas da União - TCU (Court of Audit). Quantitative analysis adopts descriptive statistics and informational entropy, which made it possible to infer the quality of internal control practices and the convergence or divergence of perceptions of managers of 24 units of the Federation investigated. The results showed that there are aspects and concepts of internal controls better managed and clarified within the jurisdictional units, such as the control environment and information and communication. On the other, there are also aspects that bring different opinions between the managers and indicates deficiencies, according to the values given in the self-assessment, there are indications that some aspects of internal control require further attention, in particular the risk assessment, control procedures and monitoring.

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to assess the compliance with the characteristic of the relevance of disclosure in Management Reports, particularly dealing with Human Capital (HC) information.Design/methodology/approach: We codify all instances where narratives of IBEX-35 stock index companies over a five year period in Spain comply with the recommendations for a “high quality” Management Commentary (MC) in terms of the relevance characteristic of the information disclosed (IASB, 2005).Findings: The analysis results show that a greater quantity of information about HC in terms of the number of pages devoted is not always indicative of higher quality in terms of relevance if we look for the application of IASB recommendations.Research limitations/implications: Further research could assess compliance with other qualitative characteristics required by other standards or guidances that were internationaly generaly accepted.Practical implications: Among the areas that require improvement in HC disclosures we highlight forward-looking information.Social implications: We propose that an internationally accepted agreement must be struck to unite all the efforts that are being made to improve narrative information in the MC section, and specifically with reference to HC.Originality/value: This work compiles the HC disclosures identified as best practices that may serve as a reference to other companies.

Mere knowledge that the company has acquired own shares is not always of great importance. Information on the acquisition of own shares from dissenting shareholders or the squeeze-out of minority shareholders is not of great importance to the users of financial statements. In the first case, it is far more significant to disclose the significant event that allowed dissenting shareholders to resign from the company. However, the purchase of own shares due to certain reasons, such as the purchase of own shares at a premium in order to influence the market value of shares, the repurchase focused on preventing greater harm to the company, which is especially true at a time of financial crisis, or the repurchase of own shares as a means of disbursing shareholders, is of great importance to the users of financial statements. Therefore, modern legislation in developed countries obliges companies to disclose a range of information regarding own shares, including the reasons for the acquisition. The above is also proscribed by the relevant EU directives and national legislation. The paper points out that the legal norms governing the obligation of reporting on own shares in Serbia are not harmonized and that most public companies in Serbia, despite the legal obligation, do not disclose the reasons for the acquisition of own shares.