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Purpose – This study summarizes widely dispersed literature on proactivity at work in its many different forms and highlights contrasts between the various themes in detail. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on systematic literature review of proactivity at work using 1708 peer reviewed articles published between 1969 and 2021 using R and Vos viewer software; a content analysis of the 100 most cited articles in proactivity research; and synthesis and integrative literature review to develop future research directions. Findings – This study uncovers many interesting facets of knowledge, including proactivity-related themes that have emerged over 50 years of research, time-related publication trends, top journals, top authors, and the most commonly used keywords. The content analysis of the 100 most-cited articles revealed findings such as the role of each proactivity theme impacting academic discussions to date. For example, quantitative research appears to be more prevalent among the most cited articles compared to different types of qualitative research. Finally, future research directions building on our findings are provided. Originality/value – To our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to contrast different types of proactivity at work as opposed to extant literature, which is either driven by the proactivity phenomenon or focuses on similarities rather than on contrasting aspects of the various forms of proactivity at work. Hence, the significance of this research extends beyond theoretical considerations and incorporates valuable practical elements.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the AI awareness dimension, namely challenge and hindrance appraisal toward AI, on sustainable employability through job crafting mediation variables in Gen X employees in Jakarta. In this study, hypothesis testing and data collection were carried out cross-sectionally. The data were collected primarily by distributing questionnaires to 272 Gen X employees in Jakarta. The sample collection method used the purposive sampling method. The data processing techniques included validity tests, reliability tests, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the study showed that there was a positive influence caused by challenge appraisal toward AI and job crafting on sustainable employability. Meanwhile, hindrance appraisal toward AI triggered a negative influence on sustainable employability. The company and employees were expected to collaborate in implementing AI in the work environment to support their work sustainably.

Abstract This study aims to explore the impact of technology readiness (TR) on career adaptability (CA) and adapting behaviours among public sector workers in Ghana. It also examines the mediating role of CA in the relationship between TR and adapting behaviours. The study adopts a quantitative research design using a survey method. A sample of 484 public sector employees from various government agencies and departments in Ghana is selected. The study employed a non-probability sampling procedure that combined convenience and purposeful sampling. The data are analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling with AMOS v24 to test the hypotheses and the proposed conceptual model. The results show that TR has a positive and significant effect on CA, boundary integration, and job crafting. CA also has a positive and significant effect on boundary integration and job crafting. Furthermore, CA mediates the relationship between TR and the two adapting behaviours. This study is one of the first to investigate the influence of TR on CA and adapting behaviours. It reveals how employees respond to the challenges and opportunities of technological innovation and work transformation. It also provides useful insights and recommendations for enhancing technology adoption and career development among public sector workers, especially in developing countries.

Abstract Background Job crafting is defined as a series of proactive behaviors exhibited by employees in order to balance work resources and needs, which has a significant positive impact on the nurses. It is necessary to find the core factors that influence the job crafting, as emergency nurses deal with the most complex tasks, so as to improve their job satisfaction. Objectives To investigate the core factors of job crafting among emergency nurses. Methods A cross-sectional design was used in the study. A total of 255 nurses were recruited from two hospitals in Zhengzhou and Shenzhen, China in December 2021. 255 nurses completed an online questionnaire. Hierarchical regression models and fsQCA models were used to explore the factors influencing job crafting among emergency nurses and helped us to identify core factors. Results The hierarchical regression model and the fsQCA model found that the occupational benefit, psychological empowerment, and research experience were the core factors affecting their job crafting. Job involvement was not significant in the regression model, but the QCA model indicated that it needs to be combined with other factors to impact on job crafting. The QCA model uncovered seven key conditional configurations that led to high and low job crafting among emergency nurses, explaining 80.0% of the results for high job crafting and 82.6% of the results for the low job crafting, respectively. Conclusions The results of this study provide valuable insights into the job crafting experienced by emergency nurses. Junior emergency nurses should be granted a high level of psychological empowerment without assigning them overly complex tasks, such as research tasks, as these challenges can stop their job crafting. Intermediate and senior emergency nurses, on the other hand, can be assigned research tasks coupled with high psychological empowerment to enhance their job crafting.

Abstract Background The World Health Organization urged governments to prioritize the health and work well-being of nursing staff by promoting a positive working environment. A safe and healthy physical and psychosocial work environment is a basic human right for nurses. Job crafting is a necessary skill when facing challenging working conditions. Objectives This cross-sectional correlational research based on the Job Demands-Resources Model aimed to explore the correlation between psychosocial work environment and work well-being among nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU) and determine whether personal perceived health could mediate the relationship and whether job crafting can moderate the mediating effect. The study hypothesized that: 1. The psychosocial work environment would impact nurses' work well-being; 2. Personal perceived health would play a role as a mediator in the relationship between psychosocial work environment and work well‐being; 3. Job crafting would moderate the relationship between personal perceived health and work well‐being. Methods A total of 655 registered nurses (RNs) from 7 ICUs in a teaching hospital in Beijing participated in this study. The RNs completed a battery questionnaire measuring their health, psychosocial work environment, well-being, and job crafting. PROCESS macros analysis was used to test mediating and moderating effects. Results Personal perceived health mediated the relationship between psychosocial work environment and work well-being (b = 0.012, 95% CI [0.008, 0.016]). The moderated mediated analysis revealed that job crafting moderated perceived health’s impact on work well-being (b = -0.007, 95% CI [− 0.010, − 0.003]). Conclusion A better psychosocial work environment with well-designed work organization and job content through job crafting could positively impact nurses’ health and work well-being.

Abstract Aim To identify subtypes of job crafting among Chinese nurses and to explore the characteristics of different subtypes and their relationship with work engagement. Design A cross‐sectional study. Methods A survey of 350 clinical nurses was conducted between December 2022 and January 2023. Identify profile categories for nurses' job crafting using a latent profile analysis. Logistic regression and ANOVA were used to explore the characteristics of different categories of nurses' job crafting in terms of sociodemographic, work engagement variables. Results Ultimately 3 latent profiles are identified: low job crafting (Class 1, N = 177, 50.7%), moderate job crafting (Class 2, N = 136, 38.9%), high job crafting (Class 3, N = 37, 10.5%). Nurses who are female, aged 31 to 40 and married are more likely to be grouped into Class 2. Nurses with a middle level of title are more likely to be grouped as Class 3. Nurses with high levels of work engagement are more likely to be grouped as Class 2 and Class 3 rather than Class 1. Conclusion The job crafting has a distinctly classified character among Chinese nurses. 89.6% of nurses were at a low to medium level of job crafting, work engagement is an important predictor of nurses' job crafting. Nursing Managers should focus on the low job crafting group and develop targeted interventions to help nurses improve their job crafting and work engagement levels. Patient or Public Contribution None.

IntroductionMany employees perceived the move to remote work due to the COVID-19 pandemic as an abrupt organizational change. While research on work engagement has examined this construct in different contexts, it is unclear what may happen to work engagement in such an extreme context and over the course of time. In the current study, we examined the relationship between time and employees' work engagement after an abrupt change as well as the way job crafting interacts with this relationship. We hypothesized that a pre-transition high level of approach crafting strategies will have a negative effect, harming employees' ability to maintain their engagement over time, while a pre-transition high level of avoidance crafting strategies will actually have a mitigating effect, weakening the decrease in engagement.MaterialsWe used a three-wave longitudinal study design, collecting data during the first 3 months of the pandemic. The sample included employees from different organizations across the U.S randomly recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. We utilized a multilevel repeated measures approach to analyze the data.ResultsResults supported our first hypothesis, demonstrating a negative relationship between time and engagement such that engagement declined over time. Our second hypothesis was partially supported, showing that the job crafting strategy of increasing challenging demands moderated the relationship between time and engagement, such that for employees that job craft by increasing their challenging demands, at the onset of the transition, the decrease in work engagement over time was more substantial. We did not find support for our hypothesis regarding the positive effect of avoidance crafting strategies on the decrease in work engagement.DiscussionOur findings suggest that the tendency to job craft by pursuing more challenging demands at the onset of the pandemic, as an approach strategy of job crafting, gives employees an unnecessary added workload that requires the use of more resources. Over time, this extra load, depletes resource reservoirs and prohibits remaining engaged over time. In contrast, other types of approach crafting strategies seem to have no such harmful effect. Our findings highlight the importance of context, suggesting that under specifics conditions some job crafting strategies may be more energy draining than others.

Abstract Background This study aims to explore the influence of career shocks on nurses’ occupational well-being through job crafting and the moderating role of supervisor autonomy support. Method The present study used a cross-sectional design. And the study included 714 frontline nurses in China, and we used structural equation modelling (SEM) to test our hypotheses. Results Job crafting mediated both the relationship between positive career shocks and occupational well-being and the relationship between negative career shocks and occupational well-being. Supervisor autonomy support moderated the indirect relationships. Conclusions Positive and negative career shocks could increase and impair nurses’ occupational well-being through job crafting, respectively. We contribute to helping nurses make sense of career shocks and preparing for career shocks, and hospital administrators and nurses’ direct supervisors can help nurse better cope with career shocks in attending job crafting activities and providing more autonomy supports.

Abstract Background Self-initiated and proactive changes in working conditions through crafting are essential for shaping work and improving work-related well-being. Recently, the research stream of job crafting has been extended to other life domains. The present paper aims to study a novel crafting concept—work–nonwork balance crafting—investigating the role of its antecedents and identifying relevant outcomes. Work–nonwork balance crafting is defined as individuals’ unofficial techniques and activities to shape their work–nonwork balance, here considering their life domain boundary preferences. Methods In the study, 1,060 employees in three European countries (Austria, Germany and Switzerland) were surveyed in a longitudinal three-wave study with three-month intervals. We explored the influences of job/home demands and resources as antecedents of work–nonwork balance crafting. Important constructs for employee health and well-being (i.e., work engagement, work-related burnout, mental well-being and detachment from work) were investigated as outcomes. Results The findings suggest that resources and demands in the context of work or home are key antecedents of work–nonwork balance crafting. Work–nonwork balance crafting was also predictive for important employee health and well-being outcomes over three months, mainly in a positive and health-promoting way. Conclusion This study provides insights into the antecedents of proactive efforts to balance the complex interplay of life domains. By studying work–nonwork balance crafting, we provide a new perspective on crafting beyond job crafting, which may help maintain or improve employees’ mental health and well-being.

In this two-wave study, we tested whether there would be positive and reciprocal relationships between employees’ gratitude and the job resources they perceive at work, as well as between gratitude and job crafting behaviours. Moreover, we explored whether job crafting could mediate the relationship between gratitude and job resources. The participants were 275 Romanian employees. No evidence for reciprocal relationships was found. Results showed that gratitude at T1 predicted more job resources at T2 (three months later), but job resources did not predict employees’ gratitude over time. One dimension of job crafting (increasing challenging job demands) at T1 positively predicted employees’ gratitude at T2, but the prospective effect of gratitude on job crafting was not significant (except for a marginally significant effect on increasing structural job resources). Job crafting did not mediate the longitudinal relationship between employees’ gratitude and job resources. These findings are discussed in relation to previous literature.

AbstractObjective General practitioners (GPs) played a crucial role in limiting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and many GPs experienced they did not have the prerequisites to provide adequate care. However, GPs developed approaches that helped them to provide care to patients through various job crafting strategies. The aim of this study is to identify how job crafting strategies were deployed by GPs at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden and the significance of the strategies on their work situation.Design A qualitative design with semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis with job crafting as the conceptual framework for the analysis process.Setting Primary healthcare in five healthcare regions in Sweden.Subjects Fourteen GPs participated in individual interviews.Results In their endeavours to organise and provide care, GPs shaped the task, relational and cognitive boundaries of their work. GPs felt proud about finding new ways of working when given room to manoeuvre. Intensified collaboration between healthcare professionals made GPs more confident in their clinical work. GPs expressed that they consequently felt stronger in their professional role through what they accomplished in the organisation of care.Conclusions/Implications The results suggest that the job crafting strategies GPs used were meaningful to them in clinical practice. Knowledge about how GPs’ job crafting strategies were deployed might be useful for healthcare organisations in preparing for future health crises. Taking advantage of GPs’ experiences and strategies is considered important for promoting sustainable working conditions for GPs in the future.

Objectives The subject of the article's authors' consideration is the issue of job crafting (JC), in relation to perceived stress at work, among representatives of diverse professional groups. The article aims to answer the following questions: Do the participating occupational groups differ in terms of (individual aspects and total outcome) job crafting, stress at work? Is there a relationship between job crafting (job shaping) and the level of perceived stress at work in the study groups? Material and methods Validated questionnaires-The Job Crafting Questionnaire and the Job Crafting Questionnaire were used in the study. The level of perceived stress was investigated using the Perceived Stress at Work Questionnaire. A total of 138 people with a higher education participated in the study. The four groups of respondents (Polish and foreign university teachers, managers and professionals) did not differ in terms of gender parity, age and length of service. Results The research results showed that the studied groups differ only in terms of shaping work, but there are no statistically significant differences between them in the perception of stress at work. In addition, it has been shown that there is a strong, inversely proportional relationship between the level of job crafting (both in relation to individual scales and the total score), which means that the ability to shape work coexists with a lower level of perceived stress. Conclusions The existence of a relationship between job design and perceived occupational stress, in the groups analysed, confirms the importance of a sense of agency and control in maintaining an employee's psychological balance. The data obtained have an applied dimension and indicate that a number of measures can be taken to improve employee well-being and contribute to organisational development.

Abstract Background This study establishes the relationships among role conflict, positive psychological capital, social support, job crafting, and job embeddedness among clinical nurses. The results are expected to provide a basis for efficient human resource management in hospitals. Methods Considering a 15% dropout rate, we distributed 300 copies of our questionnaire, of which 290 were returned. We used 260 responses in the final analysis after excluding 40 responses that were incomplete or showed an identical pattern in the item responses. Participants were clinical nurses with less than one year of experience in general and tertiary general hospitals in G province and D metropolitan city in South Korea. A structured questionnaire was administered from January 10 to February 28, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. We assessed the statistical significance using the bootstrapping method. Results The direct and total effects (both β = 0.806, p =.007) of positive psychological capital on job crafting were significant. The direct and total effects (both β = 0.451, p =.004) of social support on job crafting were significant. The direct (γ = 0.292, p =.055), indirect (γ = -. 671, p =.003), and total (γ = − 0.379, p =.008) effects of role conflict on job crafting were significant. The direct (γ = − 0.382, p =.007), indirect (γ = − 0.208 p =.003), and total (γ = − 0.589, p =.006) effects of role conflict on job embeddedness were significant. The direct and total (both β = 0.548, p =.005) effects of job crafting on job embeddedness were significant. Conclusions Nurses’ job embeddedness is directly influenced by their job crafting, which is shaped by high levels of positive psychological capital and social support. When job crafting takes place, role conflict increases, and if job crafting becomes difficult because of severe role conflict, job embeddedness decreases. Therefore, to increase job embeddedness among clinical nurses, hospitals must implement support systems and programs to increase job autonomy, and positive psychological capital to promote job crafting.

Drawing from the conservation of resources theory, this study proposes that individuals who perceive environmental competitiveness may improve their mental health through their job crafting behaviors at work. Data were collected from 450 full-time Chinese employees using a three-wave time-lagged approach. The results showed that perceived environmental competitiveness is positively correlated with job crafting, and job crafting has a positive relationship with mental health. Moreover, the results indicated that job crafting mediates the relationship between perceived environmental competitiveness and mental health. Additionally, the present study found that work–family conflict plays a moderating role in the relationships among environmental competitiveness, job crafting and mental health. A moderated mediation model was proposed in this study. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of this study are also discussed.

Leveraging the trait activation theory, the study constructs a model featuring moderated chain mediation to explore how perceived overqualification influences employee innovation performance. After conducting two surveys with Chinese employees, this study collects 363 valid questionnaires. The findings reveal that perceived overqualification is positively related to employee innovation performance. Both self-oriented perfectionism and job crafting are partial mediators between perceived overqualification and innovation performance, and they collectively play a chain mediating role. Furthermore, independent self-construction positively moderates the link between perceived overqualification and self-oriented perfectionism, and informal status positively moderates the relationship between job crafting and employee innovation performance. Additionally, the indirect influence of perceived overqualification on employee innovation performance is moderated by independent self-construction and informal status. This study adds to the current body of literature on perceived overqualification and offers practical implications for organizations aiming to enhance innovation performance.

Background: The increase in doctoral programs and certifications in the area of engineering education has led to an increase in Engineering Education Scholars (EES) on the job market. As EES seek to find the position that is the correct fit for them, it is important that they have an understanding of the variety of roles that exist, and the flexibility within these roles, to be able to attain their desired career goals. Purpose/Hypothesis: Through our work, we leveraged the model of job crafting to address the following research questions: (1) How do early-career EES craft their roles and responsibilities to achieve their personal and professional goals? and (2) What job crafting practices do early-career EES use as part of their position enactment to make meaning of their positions? Design/Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with early-career EES to determine the responsibilities of their roles, the ways in which they are evaluated, and the participants’ own belief and goals for the role, as well as the challenges they encountered and the advice they would provide to others. The job crafting model was used to draft a provisional coding framework that was then applied across each of the transcribed interviews. Finally, memos were reviewed for synergies to develop the personas presented in the results. Results: We identified three personas that characterize the diverse approaches EES take within their positions. Each of these personas employed different job crafting strategies in their position to achieve their goals. While each persona relied heavily on relational crafting, not all personas used all job crafting strategies. Conclusions: This work identified research-based representations of engineering education faculty roles and how job crafting strategies are useful for allowing EES to align their professional and personal goals with their desired role.

In the present-day world, education is considered to be the key element of progress for any nation. Every stride towards progress demands efforts, and undoubtedly the educational institutions rely heavily on the efforts of the teachers. Ensuring the quality of students’ education and research to meet the challenges of the current era are paramount goals. The current research aimed to study the relationship between job crafting, psychological empowerment and creativity among pre-primary teachers. The study encompassed a total sample of 250 pre-primary teachers from the public and private schools of Lahore, Pakistan. Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation Analysis, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Hayes PROCESS Mediation Analysis were applied to analyze the data through SPSS 26. The results of the study revealed a significant correlation among the variables. Results of regression analysis showed that job crafting (task and relational dimension), and psychological empowerment (meaning and impact dimension) were significant positive predictors of creativity. Furthermore, the mediation analysis showed that meaning significantly mediated the relationship between task crafting and creativity, as well as relational crafting and creativity. Similarly, impact was also found to be a significant mediator between relational crating and creativity. The findings of this research hold significant implications for both educators and policymakers of early childhood education. Confirming the crucial role of job crafting through the mediation of psychological empowerment in fostering creativity, this study underscores the necessity of integrating insights into the value, potential strategies, and effects of job crafting and psychological empowerment into teacher training programs.

BackgroundJob burnout has become an important factor affecting the mental and physical health and work efficiency of college counselors, and indirectly affects the quality and development of talent cultivation for college students. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between job stress, job crafting, and job burnout among college counselors, and to test the mediating role of job crafting between job stress and job burnout, in order to take targeted measures to alleviate job stress and job burnout of college counselors, reduce associated health risks, and improve the effectiveness of higher education. MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 400 counselors from social network communication groups by convenience sampling. The Counselor Work Stress Scale, Job Crafting Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey were used. Harman's single-factor method was used to evaluate common method bias in the survey data. One-way ANOVA was applied to test the difference in job stress, job crafting, and job burnout among college counselors by demographic characteristics, and chi-square test was used to analyze the difference in reporting job burnout. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between selected variables. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationship of job stress, job crafting, and job burnout among college counselors, and Bootstrap analysis was used to test if there was a mediating effect of job crafting on the relationship between job stress and job burnout. ResultsOf the 390 questionnaires recovered, there were 338 valid questionnaires (86.67%). Among the included subjects, the mean scores of job stress, job crafting, and job burnout were (2.70±0.62), (3.77±0.62), and (2.09±1.09), respectively. The positive rate of job burnout was 76.9% (260/338), with a positive rate of 72.8% in exhaustion dimension and 59.8% in cynicism dimension. There were significant differences in job crafting scores among the college counselors by different genders and professional titles (P

Xinwen He,1 Yunjian Zheng,1 Ye Wei2 1School of Management, Minzu University of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Economics and Management, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yunjian Zheng, School of Management, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15857086287, Email zhengyunjian11@163.comPurpose: The purpose of our study is to explore how employees respond to illegitimate tasks and the impact it will have on employee creativity, as well as to explore the important boundary conditions for weakening the negative impact of illegitimate tasks and enhancing its positive impact.Methods: We collected 271 pairs of employee-supervisor valid matching data through three rounds of surveys, and conducted statistical analysis and hypothesis testing using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 statistical analysis tools.Results: The results show that both job crafting and work withdrawal play a mediating role between illegitimate tasks and employee creativity, and the negative mediating role of work withdrawal is stronger than the positive mediating role of job crafting; supervisor developmental feedback not only positively moderates the relationship between illegitimate tasks and job crafting but also enhances the positive mediating role of job crafting; supervisor developmental feedback not only negatively moderates the link between illegitimate tasks and work withdrawal but also weakens the negative mediating role of work withdrawal.Conclusion: Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory and Stress-as-Offense-to-Self theory, we reveal that employees will adopt job crafting and work withdrawal in response to illegitimate tasks from positive and negative coping perspectives and how it will positively and negatively affect employee creativity, respectively. Meanwhile, we find that supervisor developmental feedback is a boundary condition for reducing the negative impact of illegitimate tasks and promoting their positive impact. In addition, we provide implications for organizations to weigh the pros and cons of illegitimate tasks and improve employee creativity.Keywords: illegitimate tasks, job crafting, work withdrawal, supervisor developmental feedback, employee creativity

The world of education is very dynamic. Teachers, as the frontliners of education, are expected to keep up with the times. 21st century skills are believed to be essential to be integrated and implemented for the success of students and teachers. One of the 21st century skills taken as the basis of this research is innovation. Innovative work behavior is a continuous process that starts with seeking opportunities for ideas to solve problems encountered, then developing those ideas in new or alternative ways so that they can be accepted in the organization and implemented to provide benefits to both performance and the organization. This study aims to see the effect of intrinsic motivation, perceived autonomy support, and job crafting on innovative work behavior in XYZ Early Childhood Years and Elementary School, South Tangerang. Data were obtained from 80 Early Childhood Years and Elementary School teachers by using online questionnaires. This research is quantitative research using the path analysis through SEM-PLS method. The results of this study indicate that intrinsic motivation, perceived autonomy support, and job crafting have positive effect on innovative work behavior. Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak Dunia pendidikan sangatlah dinamis. Sebagai pelaksana dan ujung tombak pada dunia pendidikan, guru diharapkan untuk dapat mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Keterampilan abad 21 diyakini penting untuk diintegrasikan dan diimplementasikan bagi kesuksesan para siswa dan guru. Salah satu keterampilan abad 21 yang diambil sebagai dasar penelitian ini adalah inovasi. Innovative work behavior adalah suatu perilaku yang berkelanjutan, yang dimulai dari pencarian peluang ide untuk memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi, lalu dikembangkan dengan cara-cara baru atau alternatif sehingga dapat diterima dalam organisasi dan diimplementasikan untuk memberikan keuntungan atau manfaat kepada kinerja maupun organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh intrinsic motivation, perceived autonomy support, dan job crafting terhadap innovative work behavior di TK-SD XYZ Tangerang Selatan. Data diperoleh dari 80 guru di TK-SD tersebut dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner secara daring. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis jalur melalui metode SEM-PLS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intrinsic motivation, perceived autonomy support, dan job crafting berpengaruh positif terhadap innovative work behavior.

Background: As the medical knowledge base grows at an accelerating rate, evidence-based clinical performance becomes increasingly important for providing quality care. Previous studies have highlighted the need to promote job crafting to actualize evidence-based practical skills in the medical field. This study aimed to investigate the degree of evidence-based practice among dental hygienists and assess the impact of job crafting on the evidence-based practical skills of dental hygienists.Methods: Dental hygienists working at dental hospitals and clinics in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province were surveyed between February 28 and April 6, 2023. The sample was comprised of 267 participants. The hypotheses were tested independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses using SPSS 29.0. Results: The degree of job crafting by dental hygienists demonstrated significant differences based on educational attainment, workplace size, and workplace type. Evidence-based practical skills exhibited significant variations based on educational attainment and job position. All job crafting subfactors demonstrated positive correlations with evidence-based practical skills. The job crafting subfactors affecting the evidence-based practical skills of dental hygienists were ‘increasing structural job resources’ and ‘increasing challenging job demands,’ which together explained 38.7% of the variance in evidence-based practical skills. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that job crafting was positively and significantly correlated with evidence-based practical skills. To strengthen the job crafting ability of dental hygienists, improving environmental conditions and fostering an organizational culture that motivates continued participation in education is necessary. The development and promotion of programs that enable learning of the latest evidence should be actively pursued. Additionally, regular attendance at workshops and participation in organizational evidence-based practice education programs are necessary.

The heavy workload and pressure to which nurses are subjected leads to an increase in stress-related problems, such as burnout. Personal resources, such as job crafting, proactive personality, self-efficacy and regulatory focus are fundamental in palliating negative effects in the work environment and reducing quitting by male nurses. The objective of this study was to analyze individual differences, with attention to proactive personality, regulatory approach and general self-efficacy in job crafting, and to determine the predictive power of these variables for burnout in nurses. The sample was made up of 643 nurses. After correlation and descriptive analyses, multiple linear regression models were computed to find out the possible predictor role of the individual variables on burnout. The results showed that job crafting, proactive personality, general self-efficacy and the promotion regulatory focus were associated with a decrease in burnout in nurses. Similarly, the predictive models for each of the factors in burnout in all cases included the increase in structural resources dimension of job crafting as the variable with the most weight. Furthermore, self-efficacy, increase in job crafting social resources and proactive personality were mediators in this relationship for personal impact, social climate and job dissatisfaction factors of burnout. These findings are significant for improving performance of nurses and increasing their retention, which could be especially significant among male nurses.

Algorithmic management, as a digital management tool in the gig economy, has become a hotspot of concern at the intersection of theory and practice. However, there is a lack of research on the mechanisms and boundary conditions through which algorithmic management affects gig workers’ job crafting. Based on the social information processing theory, this study constructed a dual-mediation model of how algorithmic management influences gig workers’ job crafting through gameful experience and perceived job autonomy. Data from 687 valid samples were collected through a two-stage survey and statistically analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results demonstrate that algorithmic management increases gig workers’ promotion-focused job crafting behaviors (increasing job resources and challenging job demands) by stimulating their gameful experiences and increases gig workers’ prevention-focused job crafting behaviors (decreasing hindering job demands) by inhibiting their perceived job autonomy. In addition, the higher-order personality trait core self-evaluation moderates the relationship between algorithmic management and gameful experience and perceived job autonomy, as well as the indirect effects of algorithmic management on job crafting through gameful experiences and perceived job autonomy. This study advances empirical research on algorithmic management in the field of the gig economy and human resource management practices. Crucially, it provides practical insights for optimizing algorithmic systems in platform companies, potentially enhancing their efficiency and economic benefits.

BackgroundOccupational commitment (OC) is a multidimensional construct that predicts turnover intentions. The interindividual variability of nurses’ OC merits further exploration. Therefore, this study aims to examine patterns of OC and its relationship with psychological empowerment and job crafting in nurses.MethodsA sample of 1,061 nurses was recruited from February 2022 to April 2022 by using a stratified four-stage cluster sampling procedure. A self-report survey included the Psychological Empowerment Scale, Job Crafting Scale, and Occupational Commitment Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to examine the patterns of OC. Associations of the latent class membership with individual characteristics, psychological empowerment and job crafting were examined using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsThree patterns of OC were identified: (1) “Low OC group” (n = 224, 21.1%); (2) “Moderate OC group” (n = 665, 62.7%); (3) “High OC group” (n = 172, 16.2%). Nurses with higher education, fewer years of service, working in medicine, lower psychological empowerment and lower job crafting had a higher likelihood of belonging to Class 1 (Low OC group). In contrast, nurses working in emergency and with higher psychological empowerment and job crafting were more likely to belong to Class 3 (High OC group).ConclusionThe findings revealed the heterogeneity of occupational commitment among nurses in China and could guide the identification and early intervention of nurses with low level of occupational commitment.

Purpose: Grounding on relative deprivation theory, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived overqualification (POQ) and knowledge hiding. Furthermore, this study investigated the mediating role of job boredom and the moderating effect of job crafting. Design: /Methodology/Approach: This study employs Hayes’ PROCESS model to analyze data obtained from 374 employees working in the hospitality and tourism industry. Findings: The results indicate a positive relationship between POQ, job boredom, and knowledge hiding. These findings suggest that job boredom mediates the relationship between POQ and knowledge hiding. Furthermore, the study showed a moderated mediation path wherein the interaction effect of POQ and job crafting on knowledge hiding was mediated by job boredom. Research limitations/implications: Data were collected from the hospitality and tourism industry, limiting the generalizability of the findings to other sectors. Additionally, the study relied on self-reported measures, which may have resulted in a bias. Practical implications: Conduct thorough job fit assessments during the hiring process to ensure that candidates' qualifications align closely with job requirements. By matching employees' skills and experiences to their job, organizations can reduce perceived overqualification, which may lower job boredom and knowledge hiding tendencies. Originality/value: This study's focus on person-job misfits adds a new layer of insight into employee experiences in the workplace. By examining how mismatches between individuals and their roles contribute to job boredom and knowledge hiding, this study highlights the importance of aligning job responsibilities with employee skills, qualifications, and preferences.

In response to the epochal demand for high-quality development in early childhood education in China, it is imperative and necessary to improve the competency level of early childhood educators. The study aims to investigate the relationship between psychological contracts and teacher competency, and to verify the mediating roles of job crafting and professional identity in the relationship between psychological contracts and teacher competency. This study employed validated measurement scales regarding psychological contracts, teachers' professional identity, job crafting, and teacher competency. Each of these scales has established internal consistency coefficients. Data were collected from 318 early childhood teachers in Sichuan, China. The results highlight the significant impact of psychological contracts on the prediction of teacher competency. It is worth mentioning that the psychological contracts, together with their distinct components such as normative responsibility and development responsibility, have a direct and favorable impact on teacher competency. This implies that developing the psychological contracts might be an effective technique for improving teacher competence. The individual mediation of job crafting and professional identity in the link between psychological contracts and teacher competency has been well-established. However, the combined or chain mediating influence of these factors provides a unique and valuable perspective on the phenomenon of job crafting leading to professional identity, which in turn impacts teacher competency. The study found that psychological contracts have a positive predictive effect on teacher competency, while job crafting and professional identity both have independent and chain mediating roles in the relationship between psychological contracts and teacher competency. Therefore, this study suggests a comprehensive enhancement of the psychological contracts level from aspects such as normative responsibility, interpersonal responsibility, and development responsibility. By stimulating job crafting and professional identity levels in both internal and external environments, we can improve the competency level of early childhood educators.

This article investigates role ambiguity, discretion and job crafting among leaders and followers in change processes. Our findings are based on a sample of 464 police officers nested in 261 police leaders among 4495 respondents. We find that high discretion enables job crafting, where job crafting directs police leaders and police officers to positively engage in change and hence to reduce role ambiguity. However, high discretion solely among police officers to ensure job crafting and the reduction of role ambiguity is not supported, and high discretion among both leaders and police officers is only partially supported. Instead, our main finding is that the leaderʼs discretion will moderate police officersʼ role ambiguity. The leaderʼs work discretion will also ensure that police officers approach job crafting through engagement and coping. Therefore, co-productions of change between the leaderʼs discretion and the followersʼ job crafting engagement will reduce role ambiguity in implementing change.

The subject of the research in the article is the tools of motivation and involvement of personnel in the organization. The study examines the theoretical aspects of motivation and involvement of personnel, determines the relevance of self-development of the employees’ potential of modern organizations. The development perspective of personnel basic skills in the 21st century is shown, which includes, in addition to the traditionally necessary professional hard skills and soft skills, also existential skills containing the ability to self-development and self-learning. The concept of job crafting as a tool for staff self-development is proposed, the main idea of which is that in order for an employee to be involved in the workflow, it is necessary to reconsider the attitude to work according to the following criteria: the approach to completing tasks, the nature of interactions with colleagues, thinking when doing work. A comparative analysis of job crafting and the concept of kaizen (which is used when an organization needs changes to increase competitiveness) is carried out. Job crafting is relevant as a motivational tool when employees initiate changes themselves and form their own working environment in such a way that it meets their individual needs by adjusting the prevailing requirements of work and resources.

Abstract Background Nurses’ well-being is a topic of interest at both individual and organizational levels. Studies that explore the relationship between nurses’ job crafting, work engagement, and well-being are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of job crafting and work engagement on nurses’ well-being. Methods This cross-sectional survey study involved 207 nurses within a week in July 2022 across two centers, among whom the response rate was 99%. Three following instruments were used in the survey: the 14-item well-being scale, the 12-item job crafting scale, and the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scores (UWES). Path analysis was performed and goodness of fit was evaluated. Results Job crafting and work engagement were strongly correlated with well-being, and nurses’ well-being was affected by job crafting and work engagement. Path model fit indices were adequate. The mediating effect of work engagement on the relationship between job crafting and well-being revealed that task job crafting influenced psychological well-being through work engagement (Effect: 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–0.22, p = 0.001). Furthermore, relational job crafting influenced social well-being through work engagement (Effect: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.11–0.38, p = 0.001). Conclusion The study’s findings can help strategize human resource management programs to enhance relational job crafting to improve nurses’ social well-being and enhance task job crafting to improve their psychological well-being. Furthermore, through job crafting, improved human resource policies can enhance work engagement and improve nurses’ well-being.

The evolution of technology led to rapid changes that affected both organizations and employees. Employability was a term to describe a continuum process of fulfilling the skills and expertise that also changed rapidly. One’s behavior in crafting a job could lead to one’s employability. Organizational climate, which in this study was the creative climate, had a moderating role in affecting the job creation toward employability. This study aimed to explain the role of job crafting in predicting employability in government institution X and creative climate as the moderator. The quantitative approach was applied to this research, by distributing Employability Scale (α = 0.937), Job Crafting Scale (α=0.922), and Creative Climate Scale (α=0.950) to 129 employees of government institution X. The study showed that job crafting significantly predicted the employability (R2 = 56.7%; p = 0.000, p < 0.05) along with creative climate lessened the prediction of job crafting to employability (p = 0.027, p < 0.05). Thus, the hypothesis in this study was accepted. Therefore, it was worth noting that job crafting had benefits for employees’ employability with a constructive, suitable organizational climate.

The study assesses a model designed to investigate the mediating impact of psychological empowerment, job crafting, and proactive personality, and to examine the moderating influence of person–organization fit on the relationship between ethical leadership and employee innovative behavior. A sample of 782 full-time employees from various industries in Jordan were surveyed to gather data on ethical leadership, innovative work behaviors, psychological empowerment, job crafting, proactive personality, and person–organization fit. The study employed an empirical research design, with data collected through surveys. The results reveal a positive correlation between ethical leadership and innovative work behavior, with psychological empowerment, job crafting, and proactive personality as the mediators in this relationship. The link between ethical leadership and innovation work behaviors is also moderated by person–organization fit. The study’s model suggests that ethical leadership practices enhance innovation. Prioritizing ethical principles, transparency, fairness, trust, and accountability cultivates a culture valuing ethics and encouraging innovation. The results provide insights to boost empowerment and proactive behaviors and highlight the importance of a person–organization fit that aligns values for an innovation-friendly workplace. Fit considerations should also be incorporated in recruitment and retention processes. The study makes significant theoretical contributions by synthesizing insights from ethical leadership theory and developing a comprehensive framework to understand how ethical leadership influences innovative work behavior. The research also extends prior work by examining the moderating role of person–organization fit by emphasizing the importance of aligning individual and organizational values in fostering innovation.

Proactivity today is one of the concepts actively developed in applied psychology and is considered as a key feature of job crafting or constructive design by a person of his work. The purpose of this article is to study personal proactivity in mediating the career orientations of working professionals. The study involved 40 sales managers. Data collection methods: questionnaire “Career Anchors” by E. Shane and “PVQ self-rating” (author’s development). The construct of proactivity was presented in the self-assessment methodology through the qualities of initiative, independence, perseverance, responsibility. Conclusions. Initiative, as the central link of proactivity, is associated with a whole range of properties that are responsible both for the general self-confidence of the individual and with specific skills to express and implement their goals. Factor analysis showed that initiative and responsibility are different aspects of personal proactivity. Proactive personal qualities indirectly mediate success in the implementation of career strategies and subjective satisfaction with professional self-realization.

Purpose – Job crafting plays an essential role in job design since it is a new approach from the employee’s perspective to the manager. However, little research has investigated the hotel industry’s job crafting, particularly in the food and beverage department. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between job crafting and organizational commitment through the mediating role of person-job fit in the food and beverage department in five-star hotels. Design/methodology/approach – This study presents a conceptual framework with eight constructs. In this study, a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from full-time food and beverage employees in a five-star hotel. The proposed model was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis, standardized path coefficients, and the Sobel test for mediation analysis. Findings – According to the findings of this study, job crafting factors impact the person-job fit of food and beverage employees. The results also demonstrate that job crafting, and organizational commitment are mediated by person-job fit. The originality of the research – This paper adds a new chain to job design practices in the hospitality industry (i.e., job crafting leads to person-job fit, which enhances employees’ organizational commitment). Practical implications – Employee job crafting impacts the hotel by improving the fit of employees to their jobs, which leads to higher organizational commitment. As a result, hotel job designers should update their job design methodologies to include job crafting practices for hospitality employees.

Abstract Aim This study was to investigate the association between character strengths and job crafting among nurses in tertiary hospitals in China. Design A cross‐sectional survey was conducted. Methods From February 2021 to April 2021, 1006 nurses from four tertiary hospitals in China were recruited to complete a series of online questionnaires assessing their job crafting and character strengths. The analysis was conducted using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results The mean scores for task crafting, cognitive crafting and relationship crafting were 3.19 ± 0.58, 3.50 ± 0.55 and 3.58 ± 0.51. There is a moderate level of job crafting and character strengths among Chinese nurses working at tertiary hospitals. Additionally, it was revealed by the SEM that character strengths contributed to 81% of the variance of job crafting and job crafting was positively correlated with nurses' character strengths. The study shows the need to develop nurses' character strengths to enhance job crafting behaviours.

Extended AbstractAbstract Job crafting is a deconstructive concept that transcends the traditional view of human resource knowledge about job design. It is process through which employees play an active role in how their work is transformed. The objective of the present study is to design an interpretive structural model of job crafting. After identifying the preconditions for job crafting and including them in the semi-closed questionnaire, the questionnaire was distributed among 18 heads of units and experts of the National Oil Company of Kerman Province who were identified through conceptual sampling and snowballs. The data were analyzed through MATLAB 9 and Mick Mac 2 software. Finally, 16 variables at 8 levels, including entrepreneurial orientation, self-efficacy and social skills, job motivation, job independence, job security and organizational identity, job position and perceived organizational support, psychological capital, transformational leadership, servant leadership, employee leadership, leadership empowerment, two-way leadership, dynamic personality, were identified as preconditions for job crafting.IntroductionIn the recent past, a person's relationship with his job was analyzed based on job design theories. The prevailing perception is that employees perform their duties according to the managers' definition of the job, and employees in similar jobs perform their duties in the same way and do not play an active role in how their jobs are transformed. So far, no complete research has been done on the preconditions of job crafting and how it is formed in the employees of the organizations. Case study National Company for Distribution of Petroleum Products in Kerman ProvinceMaterials and Methods This research is applied in terms of research orientation, descriptive in terms of purpose, and mixed in terms of research philosophy. To select the team of experts—since the purpose of generalizing the results was not mentioned—purposeful sampling method was used. The criteria for selecting experts were theoretical mastery, practical experience, willingness and ability to participate in research and access. Considering these criteria and also achieving theoretical saturation in the data coding process, eventually the number of experts with whose cooperation the research process was conducted, reached 18 people. Data collection was obtained through library studies, review of documents, in-depth interviews and questionnaires. The data were also analyzed by MATLAB 9 software and Mick Mac 2 analysisDiscussion and ResultsIn this study, 8 levels were introduced as preconditions for job crafting: the first level of entrepreneurial orientation, the second level of self-efficacy and social skills, the third level of job enthusiasm, the fourth level of job independence, job security and organizational identity, the fifth level of job position and organizational support Perceived, the sixth level of psychological capital, the seventh level of transformational leadership, servant leadership, employee-centered leadership, empowered leadership and mutual leadership, the eighth level of dynamic personality were identified as the preconditions of job crafting. Based on the research results, job creation preconditions are divided into individual and organizational factors and job factors and form demand. Motivations such as improving job performance, improving skills, as well as adapting work to other aspects of life, seem to be much more real and related to performance, and are more important than the psychological motivation found in previous research.Another important personality finding is that job characteristics and work environment play an important role in job crafting. In other words, job crafting is not only due to personal desire to improve one's job, sometimes unfavorable working conditions such as conflict, role overload and ... causes a person to have a job crafting, which is stated that the mismatch between the job and the employee causes the job crafting. In this study, like other studies that refer to organizational and contextual factors affecting job crafting, motivational and psychological drivers and organizational factors affecting job crafting are mentioned. In addition, these organizational and contextual factors are considered as the most important prerequisite for employees' active behavior for job crafting. Because these conditions and organizational factors can be the most important motivation for employees to monitor their surroundings and find job crafting opportunities. A very important achievement of the present study, which can be a breakthrough in the process of job recruitment analysis, is to pay attention to the individual and personality traits of individuals in the job recruitment process, which can help us understand why the results of job crafting in some Positive cases and in some cases negative. If reinforcing personality factors such as social skills, self-efficacy are consistent with job crafting, job crafting will have positive results, and if inhibitory personality factors such as weak personal abilities are associated with the job crafting process, job crafting will not have positive results.ConclusionIn this study, 16 variables in 8 levels, including the first level: entrepreneurial orientation, the second level: self-efficacy and social skills, the third level: job motivation, the fourth level: job independence, job security and organizational identity, the fifth level: job position and perceived organizational support, Level 6: Psychological Capital, Level 7: Transformational Leadership, Servant Leadership, Employee Leadership, Empowering Leadership, Two-Powerful Leadership Level 8: Dynamic personality were identified as a precondition for job crafting and then the final model was drawn.

Sustainability and environmental concerns have become increasingly important in the business world, with organizations seeking to integrate sustainable practices and enhance their brand citizenship behavior. Servant leadership that is focused on the environment is a type of leadership approach that gives prominence to preserving and promoting environmental sustainability. This study aims to examine the impact of environmentally specific servant leadership on brand citizenship behavior, with a focus on the mediating roles of green-crafting behavior and employee-identified meaningful work. Drawing on data from a survey of 319 employees working in hotels, this study conducted partial least square–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test a dual-moderated mediation model to explore the direct and indirect effects of environmentally specific servant leadership on brand citizenship behavior. The results of this study reveal that environmentally specific servant leadership has a significant and positive impact on green-crafting behavior and employee meaningful work. Moreover, green-crafting behavior and employee-perceived meaningful work both mediate the link between environmentally specific servant leadership and brand citizenship behavior. Specifically, green-crafting behavior acts as a mediator between environmentally specific servant leadership and employee-perceived meaningful work, while employee-perceived meaningful work mediates the link between green-crafting behavior and brand citizenship behavior. These findings have important implications for managers and organizations that seek to enhance their sustainability and brand citizenship behavior. Specifically, this study highlights the critical role of environmentally specific servant leadership (ESSL) in promoting green-crafting behavior and employee-perceived meaningful work, which in turn influence brand citizenship behavior. Therefore, organizations can improve their brand citizenship performance by developing ESSL behaviors and practices that foster green-crafting behavior and employee-perceived meaningful work.

The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the influence of a person's job fit and job crafting on organizational citizenship behavior through work engagement. This study uses a causal type of research using a quantitative approach with a sample of 76 respondents who are employees of the Medan Mayor's Office. To investigate the seven hypotheses proposed in this study, data collection techniques such as interviews and questionnaires were employed, as well as data analysis techniques such as Partial Least Square (SmartPls). The results show that person-job fit has a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior, job crafting has a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior, person-job fit has a significant effect on work engagement, job crafting has a significant effect on work engagement, person-job fit has a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior through work engagement, and job crafting has a significant effect on organizational through work engagement.

IntroductionThis study explores the complex dynamics among gratitude, job crafting, teacher psychological well-being, and teacher-student relationships within the context of Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers.MethodsA sample of 456 Chinese EFL teachers participated in this study. Valid scales were administered to collect data on gratitude, job crafting, teacher psychological well-being, and teacher-student relationships. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to investigate these relationships.ResultsThe findings reveal significant connections between gratitude, job crafting, teacher psychological well-being, and teacher-student relationships. SEM analysis demonstrates that gratitude and job crafting have direct effects on teacher psychological well-being. Furthermore, teacher-student relationships were identified as a mediator in these relationships.DiscussionThis study underscores the importance of gratitude and job crafting in enhancing the psychological well-being of EFL teachers. It highlights the mediating role of positive teacher-student relationships in the associations between gratitude, job crafting, and teacher psychological well-being. These results have implications for the development of interventions and practices aimed at promoting gratitude, job crafting, and positive teacher-student relationships in the EFL teaching context.

Motivating the innovative behavior of knowledge workers with the “maker spirit” is important for enhancing innovation efficiency. Based on the unique “maker spirit” embodied in knowledge workers in Chinese, this study comprehensively considers elements of job crafting and superiors’ developmental feedback, and uses questionnaire survey method and mathematical statistical analysis method to explore the relationship between the maker spirit and the innovative behavior of knowledge workers in order to provide theoretical support for further promoting the development of social innovation. The results of the study show that the spirit of innovation, sharing, practice, and entrepreneurship in the maker spirit all have a positive contribution to innovative behavior; job crafting mediates between the spirit of innovation, sharing, practice, entrepreneurship, and innovative behavior; and superiors’ developmental feedback plays a positive moderating role between the spirit of innovation, sharing, practice, entrepreneurship, and job crafting.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between career adaptability, job crafting, and job embeddedness, and it was predicted that career adaptability promotes job embeddedness in self-initiated expatriates by increasing their job crafting behavior. Data were collected from 881 self-initiated expatriates from multinational companies in the United Arab Emirates, which were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The structural equation modeling results support the proposed hypotheses and suggest that career adaptability and job crafting are associated with job embeddedness. Specifically, career adaptability is effective in promoting job embeddedness through job crafting. Therefore, career adaptability is an important antecedent for self-initiated proactivity and job embeddedness in organizations.

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the influence of psychological empowerment on job crafting. Moreover, it analyzed the relationship between job crafting and organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, conscientiousness was considered as a moderator between psychological empowerment and job crafting. Whereas the mediation effect of job crafting was examined among psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior. The data were gathered from the ICTs of Jordan and AMOS was used for analysis. The results highlighted that psychological empowerment can influence job crafting, which can lead to organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, job crafting can significantly mediate the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, the findings revealed that conscientiousness being an important personality trait can moderate the relationship between psychological empowerment and job crafting. This research can be considered as a guideline for researchers and practitioners focusing on job crafting and organizational citizenship behavior. The focus of this research is merely on the employees of ICTs and it has considered only one personality trait i.e. conscientiousness. Therefore, future studies can emphasize any other sector and include other personality traits as moderators.

Abstract Based on relational leadership theory and self-determination theory, this study aims to investigate the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX), job crafting, and flow at work among medical workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in the study consisted of 424 hospital employees. The results showed that: (1) the LMX positively predicted flow at work; (2) two types of job crafting (increasing structural job resources and challenging job demands) played a mediating role between the LMX and flow at work; and (3) gender did not moderate these mediating effects as suggested by previous studies. These results indicate that the LMX can not only directly predict flow at work, but also indirectly predict work-related flow through job crafting by increasing structural job resources and challenging job demands, thus providing new insights for enhancing flow experiences of medical workers.

Abstract Background In social contexts, people may view themselves as agents, who are in control of the environment, or recipients, who succumb to what others have decided. Here, we investigated how these perspectives determine job crafting (JC)—self-initiated employee behaviors targeted at altering job characteristics to fit them with one’s needs. Methods Study 1 tested the relationships between chronic agent–recipient tendencies and JC in a cross-lagged panel design. Study 2 was a randomized experiment where agent–recipient perspectives were manipulated to predict JC intentions in the week to follow. Results Supporting our predictions, while agents sought structural job resources and increased challenging demands, recipients resorted to reducing hindering demands (Study 1). Study 2 revealed that activating an agent perspective led to stronger intentions to increase structural job resources and challenging demands. Conclusions We conclude that agent and recipient perspectives are linked with differential patterns of JC behaviors. Strengthening agency is a vital step in forming job redesign goals during JC interventions.

The worldwide banking industry is currently undergoing a digital transformation. The innovative behavior of bank employees is a significant aspect of commercial banks’ future survival and development. One of the most significant resources for cultivating good employee behavior is leadership. As a response, this study examined how authentic leadership affects employees’ innovative behavior. The mediating role of cognitive crafting and hope between authentic leadership and innovative employee behavior was also investigated. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 610 Thai bank employees. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis findings revealed an association between authentic leadership and innovative employee behavior. According to the mediation analysis results, hope and cognitive crafting appeared to mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and innovative employee behavior. These findings may help develop leadership research in the field of innovation management. Thus, organizations should identify, cultivate, and support authentic leaders who can inspire innovative behavior among employees through cognitive crafting and hope.

The present study aims to examine the process through which empowering leadership shapes employees’ work engagement and in-role performance by facilitating job-crafting behaviors, specifically seeking resources, seeking challenges, and reducing demands. Based on the extensive data from 733 Chinese employees across various organizations located predominantly in Chongqing and Xi’an, China, we carried out different types of statistical analysis such as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among empowering leadership, specific job-crafting behaviors, work engagement and in-role performance, test our hypothesis and our conceptual model. The results from structural equation modeling (SEM) suggested that empowering leadership was positively related to employees’ work engagement and in-role performance; empowering leadership was positively related to employees’ job crafting (seeking resources, seeking challenges and reducing demands); seeking resources, seeking challenges and reducing demands were positively related to in-role performance, and seeking challenges and reducing demands were positively related to work engagement. In the relationship between empowering leadership and in-role performance, seeking resources serves as a mediating factor. Similarly, seeking challenges mediates the association between empowering leadership and both work engagement and in-role performance. Furthermore, reducing demands mediates the links between empowering leadership and both work engagement and in-role performance. The implications of these findings are subsequently discussed.

Classic job design theory has evolved over a long period. It focuses on employees' ability to autonomously modify their job characteristics; however, tools for assessing the dimensions of job crafting remain limited. The goal of this study is to determine how job engagement, job crafting, and meaningfulness of work are related. The partial least squares (PLS) 3.0 analysis tool was used in the path analysis. Data were obtained through an online questionnaire using the Job Crafting Questionnaire, the Dutch Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and the MLQ Questionnaire. The purposive sampling technique was used to identify 204 respondents working in private and public companies. The results demonstrate that in Indonesia and India, task crafting, and cognitive crafting have a positive and significant relationship with the meaningfulness of work. In turn, this mediates the influence of relational crafting on job engagement for Indonesian subjects (β= 0.111, sig= .019) but not for Indian ones (β = 0.054, sig = .455). It is hoped that the study will contribute to the implementation of programs for human resource development related to job crafting design to improve performance effectiveness.

Pursuing meaningful life experiences is vital for wellbeing and health. Crafting strategies, such as job crafting and work-life balance crafting, have been developed to create meaning in specific life domains. However, these strategies share common underlying behaviors that transcend specific contexts. Building on this understanding, we propose a comprehensive “holistic life-crafting” approach that integrates overlapping behaviors from various crafting strategies. This study aims to clarify the theoretical conceptualization of life-crafting by identifying common strategies and behaviors underlying different meaning-making crafting approaches. Through a systematic literature search of six databases between January and April 2022, we identified 16,479 published records. Using predefined inclusion–exclusion criteria, 51 records (reflecting five crafting approaches, resulting in 223 different crafting behaviors) remained. Through content analysis, we grouped these behaviors into seven broader crafting strategies, forming the “holistic life-crafting” approach. Findings suggest that life-crafting is a holistic, continuous process of proactive meaning-making by intentionally balancing life demands with available resources and altering life’s cognitive, environmental, interest, relational, skill, and task-related aspects to promote personal growth and wellbeing. The holistic approach encompasses cognitive, environmental, interest, relational, resources-demands, skill, and task crafting strategies. This framework provides a comprehensive understanding of how individuals can actively shape their lives to promote more meaningful life experiences across different domains.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42022333930.

O Modelo de Demandas e Recursos do Trabalho preconiza a existência de relação positiva entre recursos e o job crafting, e a mediação do engajamento laboral. O presente trabalho objetivou compreender as relações do suporte social no trabalho (recurso do trabalho) e do medo de estar desconectado do trabalho (estado emocional) com o fator aumento de recursos do job crafting, além do papel mediador do engajamento laboral. A amostra compôs-se de 703 trabalhadores de diversas profissões e de ambos os sexos (90,6 % sexo feminino). Os resultados na modelagem de equações estruturais demonstraram que o suporte social no trabalho, o medo de estar desconectado do trabalho e o engajamento laboral relacionaram-se positivamente com o fator aumento de recursos do job crafting. O engajamento laboral mediou parcialmente a relação positiva do suporte social no trabalho e do medo de estar desconectado do trabalho com o fator aumento de recursos do job crafting. Tais resultados oferecem diferentes contribuições teóricas e práticas para a área da psicologia organizacional permitindo o avanço no conhecimento sobre a rede nomológica das relações do suporte social no trabalho e do medo de estar desconectado com o job crafting, tendo o engajamento como mediador.

BackgroundAfter the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, employees in Europe increasingly worked from home. In the German public sector, many employees experienced working from home for the first time. Concurrently, employees could use job crafting activities to alter job demands and resources while working from home. This exploratory case study aims to shed light on how public service employees craft their job demands and job resources, and how they perceive job satisfaction and productivity while working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. A novel theoretical approach is applied to explore crafting activities that target specific job demands and resources when working from home, using a combined framework of resource-based job crafting based on the Job Demands–Resources model and time-spatial job crafting.MethodsQualitative telephone interviews were conducted with employees from different public sectors in Germany between December 2021 and February 2022. According to the COREQ guidelines, the 12 semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and content-analyzed using MAXQDA.ResultsThe results suggest that employees, who were new to working from home, developed personal crafting strategies for their flexible work environment. These strategies supported them in coping with hindering job demands (e.g., measures regarding work-related availability or interruptions) by optimizing their working conditions. Additionally, employees used strategies to increase their social resources (e.g., initiating meetings with colleagues) and structural resources (e.g., installing additional work equipment, planning of office days and working-from-home days). The use of given job resources and optimization of job demands are closely linked to the time-spatial demands fit. Thereby, the time-spatial demands fit is used to combine workplaces, work hours, or work tasks with the provided resources and demands to achieve an optimal work environment, which also facilitates employees' productivity and satisfaction.ConclusionThe results enrich the resource-based and time-spatial demand job crafting research by adding specific job crafting strategies utilized by public service employees. Furthermore, the results highlight job crafting strategies for enhancing job satisfaction and productivity when working from home in the post-pandemic world, thus offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners.