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Abstract This report presents the findings of a project from the 8th Biomedical Linked Annotation Hackathon (BLAH) to explore lightweight technology stacks to enhance assistive linked annotations. Using modern JavaScript frameworks and edge functions, in-browser Named Entity Recognition (NER), serverless embedding and vector search within web interfaces, and efficient serverless full-text search were implemented. Through this experimental approach, a proof of concept to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of these technologies was demonstrated. The results show that lightweight stacks can significantly improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of annotation tools and provide a local-first, privacy-oriented, and secure alternative to traditional server-based solutions in various use cases. This work emphasizes the potential of developing annotation interfaces that are more responsive, scalable, and user-friendly, which would benefit bioinformatics researchers, practitioners, and software developers.

In present study a method that enables users to dynamically insert the forest plot into a web page was presented. In this method, I created a Javascript module for generating and inserting a HTML table, including an entry function and two sub-functions. When the user applies it, copy these functions together with the table mark into the web page location where the forest plot is to be inserted. The web page will generate the forest plot by passing in parameters and calling the entry function in the user's own Javascript module. The full Javascript codes were given for free uses of web developers.

Web apps are essential to contemporary life but are also vulnerable to many security concerns. This article examines real-time threat detection, monitoring, and response techniques at the confluence of JavaScript and security. This study improves online application security by using JavaScript's unique characteristics. This paper examines real-time threat detection methods and their application in JavaScript-driven systems. We demonstrate safe JavaScript development and real-time threat detection and response. We show how these methods protect web applications in real-world cases. This article aims to explore JavaScript for real-time threat detection, give practical advice on JavaScript monitoring and logging, display real-time threat mitigation techniques. The methodology begins with a comprehensive literature study on real-time threat detection and online application security. Code examples and case studies demonstrate how the topics are used. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of real-time threat detection with JavaScript, equipping developers and security practitioners to protect web applications from evolving threats.

Monitoring battery health is crucial for predicting the lifespan of batteries in electric vehicles. Real time voltage, current, and operating temperature are the key factors influencing longevity. An efficient data acquisition (DAQ) system becomes essential for accurately monitoring real-time battery operating parameters. For commercially viable three-wheeled electric vehicles, a cost-effective yet highly accurate DAQ is imperative. Current commercially available lead-acid three-wheeled electric vehicles lack a dedicated DAQ for monitoring battery health. In this investigation, we address this gap by developing a low-cost, multi-channel DAQ tailored for such electric vehicles, integrated with a cloud server for subsequent data analysis and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction. The implemented prototype excels in measuring individual battery terminal voltage and battery pack voltage under operating conditions, employing the node voltage subtraction method. It also features real-time detection of high current discharges up to 30A using a Hall effect-based current sensor. A custom temperature sensor probe was designed to detect battery electrolyte temperatures up to 60 °C, with multiple probes operating in multiplexed mode to reduce circuit complexity. The system is proficient in storing recorded data locally and in the cloud. A mobile device platform has been developed and interfaced with the system for real-time monitoring of battery parameters. After testing multiple prototypes in running vehicles for over 1000h without failure, the system demonstrated a high accuracy level of 98.6 %. Multiple prototypes were designed to validate the measured accuracy.

Abstract Mean circulatory filling pressure, venous return curve, and Guyton’s graphical analysis are basic concepts in cardiovascular physiology. However, some medical students may not know how to view and interpret or understand them adequately. To deepen students’ understanding of the graphical analysis, in place of having to perform live animal experiments, we developed an interactive cardiovascular simulator, as a self-learning tool, as a web application. The minimum closed-loop model consisted of a ventricle, an artery, resistance, and a vein, excluding venous resistance. The simulator consists of three modules: setting (parameters and simulation modes), calculation, and presentation. In the setting module, the user can interactively customize model parameters, compliances, resistance, Emax of the ventricular contractility, total blood volume, and unstressed volume. The hemodynamics are calculated in three phases: filling (late diastole), ejection (systole), and flow (early diastole). In response to the user’s settings, the simulator graphically presents the hemodynamics: the pressure–volume relations of the artery, vein, and ventricle, the venous return curves, and the stroke volume curves. The mean filling pressure is calculated at approximately 7 mmHg at the initial setting. The venous return curves, linear and concave, are dependent on the venous compliance. The hemodynamic equilibrium point is marked on the crossing point of venous return curve and the stroke volume curve. Users can interactively do discovery learning, and try and confirm their interests and get their questions answered about hemodynamic concepts by using the simulator.

When developing JavaScript (JS) applications, the assessment and selection of JS packages becomes challenging for developers due to the growing number of technology options available. Given a technology-related task, a common developers’ strategy is to query Web repositories (e.g., from GitHub) via a search engine (e.g., NPM, Google) and then shortlist candidate JS packages. However, this search might return a long list of results and not all of them might be relevant. Thus, these results often need to be (re-)ordered according to the developer’s criteria. To address these problems, in prior work, we developed a recommender system called AIDT that assists developers in the package selection task. AIDT relies on meta-search and machine learning techniques to infer the relevant packages for a query. An initial evaluation of AIDT showed good search effectiveness, but the tool was unable to explain its choices to the developer. Research on Large Language Models (LLMs) has recently opened new opportunities for this kind of recommender systems. Anyway, human developers should judge whether the recommendations (e.g., JS packages) of these tools (either AIDT or LLMs) are fit to purpose. In this paper, we propose a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture for using LLMs in the domain of technology selection, which enhances the AIDT original design. Furthermore, we report on a user study using both AIDT and different LLM-based variants (ChatGPT, Cohere, Llama2) on a sample of JS-related queries, in which we compared their results and also validated them against developers’ criteria for the task. Our findings show that, although the ranking capabilities of LLMs are not yet on par with AIDT or human efforts, the RAG architecture can achieve a decent performance and is good at providing explanations for the package choices in the rankings. The latter feature makes it more transparent than AIDT and, thus, potentially more flexible to support developers’ tasks.

Abstract There is an increasing number of libraries devoted to parsing, manipulating and visualising phylogenetic trees in JavaScript. Many of these libraries bundle tree manipulation with visualisation, but have limited ability to manipulate trees and lack detailed documentation. As the number of web‐based phylogenetic tools and the size of phylogenetics datasets increases, there is a need for a library that parses, writes and manipulates phylogenetic trees that is interoperable with other phylogenetic and data visualisation libraries. Here we introduce PhyloJS, a light zero‐dependency TypeScript and JavaScript library for reading, writing and manipulating phylogenetic trees. PhyloJS allows for modification of and data‐extraction from trees to integrate with other phylogenetics and data visualisation libraries. It can swiftly handle large trees, up to at least 106 tips in size, making it ideal for developing the next generation of more complex web‐based phylogenetics applications handling ever larger datasets. The PhyloJS source code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/clockor2/phylojs) and can be installed via npm with the command npm install phylojs. Extensive documentation is available at https://clockor2.github.io/phylojs/.

Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan Sistem Informasi Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB) di pesantren dengan menggunakan metodologi Waterfall, sebuah pendekatan sistematis yang melibatkan tahapan analisis kebutuhan, desain sistem, pengkodean, pengujian, dan implementasi. Sistem ini dirancang dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP, HTML, dan JavaScript, serta basis data MySQL, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan akurasi dalam proses penerimaan peserta didik baru. Dalam mendukung proses pendaftaran, digunakan Framework Bootstrap dan pustaka tambahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini tidak hanya meningkatkan efisiensi proses penerimaan peserta didik baru di pesantren, tetapi juga menunjukkan fleksibilitas untuk diterapkan di berbagai konteks pendidikan lainnya.

The widespread use of web applications requires important changes in cybersecurity to protect online services and data. In the process of identifying security vulnerabilities in web applications, a systematic approach is employed to detect and mitigate cybersecurity risks. This approach utilizes web crawlers to identify attack vectors. Traditional web crawling methods are resource-intensive and often need to be more efficient in handling dynamic JavaScript-rich content. Addressing this crucial gap, our study introduces an innovative approach to predict the necessity of JavaScript rendering, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of security-oriented web crawlers. This approach seeks to reduce computational requirements and quicken the security evaluation process through the use of machine learning algorithms. By utilizing a dataset containing the source code from the main pages of 17,160 websites, our experimental results demonstrate a 20% reduction in execution time compared to full JavaScript rendering, indicating an improvement in resource usage without any significant reduction in coverage. Our methodology significantly improves the efficiency of security-focused web crawlers and helps security scanners to detect security risks of web applications with fewer resources.

JavaScript has significantly evolved, broadening its capabilities. However, the uptake of tail call optimization (TCO) remains limited, largely due to concerns about debugging difficulties and the potential increase in overall complexity. This paper highlights the compelling importance of tail calls within web applications, advocating for TCO as a means to boost performance and enhance memory efficiency. We present an innovative TCO technique that leverages the native stack within JavaScript engines, capitalizing on the native stack’s inherent benefits over heap memory. This technique is carefully crafted to comply with diverse TCO standards, prioritizing simplicity and providing debugging features. We tackle the inherent challenges of TCO and successfully deploy our method in a lightweight JavaScript engine. Our approach is rigorously evaluated, proving its effectiveness and practicality. Notably, our implementation facilitates considerable memory savings for web applications, comparable to the maximum Resident Set Size (RSS), and achieves an average performance improvement of approximately 19.8% for algorithms that are heavily recursive. This research not only demonstrates the versatility and efficiency of our TCO strategy but also makes a significant contribution to the wider adoption and comprehension of TCO, thereby improving JavaScript engines’ performance and memory management efficiency.

Introduction/purpose: Information systems represent a set of people, data, processes and information technologies related to the purpose of data collection, processing, storage and their filtering into useful information needed for supporting organizations or decision making. The information system is developed as a Web application with the help of the Javascript programming language, Node.js, and React.js, while in the background it relies on data storage and communication with the SQL database. Methods: Modern web application development tools are used and tested on low budget hardware. Results: Effective software for a car park with low maintenance cost and great reliability has been developed. Conclusion: The software made work easier, increased access to data and facilitated data review, reducing the possibility of error. The application described in this article and made for research shows how modern commercial technologies can be used for military purposes.

This paper comprehensively reviews methods for improving single-page applications’ visibility (SPAs) and user experience, focusing on the intricacies of search engine optimisation (SEO). This research contrasts the complexities and challenges in optimising SEO in SPAs instead of conventional multi-page applications (MPAs). It identifies vital optimisation methods and evaluates their applicability in the contemporary web landscape. The research method involves implementing the explored optimisation techniques across three distinct projects utilising emerging technologies for SPA, MPA, and a hybrid approach using Isomorphic JavaScript. These applications are systematically examined and subjected to a comparative analysis to assess the effectiveness of the optimisation strategies before and after applying the optimisation strategies. The empirical results substantiate that adopting an innovative approach to Client-Side rendering for the initial page load, combined with traditional SEO practices, performance enhancements, and tailored methodologies for specific technologies, facilitates SEO optimisation in SPAs at a level commensurate with MPAs. The findings of this work hold significant implications for web developers, offering insights and actionable strategies to augment visibility and performance in search engine results. By bridging the theoretical understanding with hands-on application and empirical analysis, the research contributes to the evolving field of web application development. It underscores the critical role of SEO optimisation in the context of SPAs, highlighting its importance for search engine rankings and overall user engagement and satisfaction. Code is available on GitHub:https://github.com/karolinakowalczyk?tab=repositories&q=TravelBLog

World Wide Web was originally meant as a global information exchange but it has since then morphed into the largest available application platform. Especially during the past decade, mobile usage has been rising while the size of websites and applications has been steadily rising therefore making size an important target for optimization. In this article, we look into a new primitive called resumability. Resumability allows developers to avoid caveats of earlier approaches, such as hydration, by embedding some of the required data straight into HTML markup delivered to the client. Then the client resumes execution as an application becomes interactive. The technique allows frameworks to apply well-known techniques, such as code-splitting, automatically therefore reducing developer effort. By considering past developments and a couple of concrete examples, we propose resumability as a new primitive for web application development. Furthermore, we also discuss potential research directions for those wanting to understand the topic in greater detail.

HUB3D represents a cutting-edge solution for managing and operating a 3D printer farm through the integration of advanced hardware and software. It features intuitive, responsive interfaces that support seamless interaction across various devices. Leveraging cloud services ensures the system’s stability, security, and scalability, enabling users from diverse locations to effortlessly upload and manage their 3D printing projects. The hardware component includes a purpose-built rack capable of housing up to four 3D printers, each synchronized and managed by a manipulator arm controlled via Raspberry Pi technology. This setup facilitates continuous operation and high automation, optimizing production efficiency and reducing downtime significantly. This integrated approach positions HUB3D at the forefront of additive manufacturing management. By combining robust hardware capabilities with sophisticated software functionalities and cloud integration, the system offers unparalleled advantages. It supports continuous manufacturing processes, enhances workflow efficiency, and enables remote monitoring and management of printing operations. Overall, HUB3D’s innovative design and comprehensive features cater to both individual users and businesses seeking to streamline 3D printing workflows. With scalability, automation, and remote accessibility at its core, HUB3D represents a pivotal advancement in modern manufacturing technology, promising increased productivity and operational flexibility in the realm of additive manufacturing.

Based on the results of a study of the popularity of programming languages conducted by the DOU community (dou.ua in the overall rating for 2022, the JavaScript programming language took the first place (18,8 %), and the TypeScript language – the sixth (10,4 %). If we consider the popularity of languages in the context of backend development, TypeScript took the seventh place (3,3 %), JavaScript – the eighth (3 %) [1]. Since these languages allow you to develop both the backend and frontend parts of an application, the popularity of these languages and the number of applications written in them is growing. The main environment for executing backend code in these languages is the NodeJS platform [2]. The NodeJS environment is actively developing and supplemented with new modules. The NodeJS module «async_hooks» was introduced in Version 16. Today it has the «Experimental» status. But one of its parts, namely «Asynchronous context tracking», has become more widely used, has been placed in a separate section of the documentation and has the status «Stable». Article that provides practical usage examples AsyncLocalStorage, will be a valuable resource for developers and researchers who want to improve their skills in NodeJS and use it effectively to develop enterprise web applications.

The article deals with method of interaction between JavaScript objects of different web pages in hybrid java applications. To solve this problem, the WebView component is used, its functionality to provide an interface for JavaScript objects, as well as the SharedPreferences global settings class, with its ability to store data in local storage. The software implementation is considered and the results of the practical use of the developed method of interaction between JavaScript WebView objects in the form of a hybrid Java application embedded in the electronic university system – the Timetable SNU electronic timetable module are presented.

Multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) is an effective technique for evaluating and selecting alternative(s) based on a set of criteria/sub-criteria. Most MCDM techniques use cardinal data as input data. However, in real-world situations, decision-makers face difficulties, while providingexact values for comparing alternatives/criteria. While “Ordinal Data” is more tangible and straightforward to use by human. Considering human ability in ordinal thinking and expressing preferences, the Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) was proposed in 2020 to solve the MCDM problems with the ordinal data as input. In the current study, a novel web-based software is developed using JavaScript to streamline and facilitate solving the OPA model. It (i) supports individual and group decision-making, (ii) calculates the weights of the experts, alternatives, and criteria, and (iii) determines confidence level value and uncertainty in the group decision-making problems to check the quality of the input and result. Promisingly, this software is user-friendly for users, time-efficient, accurate for solving MCDM problems, and practical with significant impacts on the academic and industrial worlds.

WebAssembly (Wasm), a technology enabling efficient native code execution in web browsers, has seen a significant rise in adoption as a popular compilation target. This has led to the emergence of lightweight web services powered by Wasm, characterized by their small binary size and reduced data transfer overhead, thanks to the inherent efficiency of Wasm. Despite their lightweight nature, these services can deliver powerful features like image/video processing, AI and graphical application that surpass the capabilities of JavaScript. To ensure lightweight web services and enhance the overall web experience, Wasm has been extensively optimized. However, these optimizations have raised concerns about memory safety, leading to memory-related vulnerabilities. Wasm’s characteristic memory structure, linear memory, has vulnerabilities that provide various attack vectors to attackers. In particular, it presents various attack possibilities through metadata modification containing memory structure information. Attackers can exploit heap memory overflow in Wasm applications, allowing them to target arbitrary memory addresses, modify data, or execute arbitrary code. Such overflows can corrupt memory metadata, resulting in incorrect memory behavior. While research has mitigate memory-related weaknesses in languages such as C and C++ and architectures like X86 in recent decades, the direct application of security solutions designed for different domains to Wasm is not a practical approach. Consequently, allocators in Wasm remain vulnerable to issues like heap overflow and metadata corruption. Thus, there is a pressing need for tailored memory safety techniques and solutions that accommodate Wasm’s architecture-agnostic and linear memory structures. In this paper, we propose metaSafer as a solution. By shadowing metadata from Wasm linear memory to JavaScript virtual machine memory and conducting metadata verification, metaSafer effectively blocks attack attempts and vectors. Notably, our solution achieves fast memory shadowing and validation while maintaining a small code size. Through various verification processes, we measured the performance and code size of metaSafer, revealing that it is a software-only security solution with no additional hardware requirements. metaSafer demonstrates robust metadata protection for Wasm applications with an acceptable performance overhead of up to 8% in SQLite speed tests and Polybench benchmarks.

Test suite minimization is the task of finding a smaller test suite that still fulfills the properties of the original test suite but which comprises fewer test cases. It is important in practice, especially in the context of regression testing, where test suites are re-executed. However, test suite minimization as a set covering problem is known as an NP-complete problem, which requires applications of heuristics. Although many test suite minimization techniques have been applied previously but obtained conflicting results primarily due to inherent differences in underlying programming languages and experimental setup. In this respect, we study traditional greedy-based algorithms for test suite minimization that allow to remove test cases in a way such that the reduced test suite satisfies all requirements. Specifically, we evaluated commonly discussed approaches on publicly available JavaScript applications using mutation coverage. We show that the discussed algorithms reduce the test suite size of the studied example programs on average to 70% without compromising the fault-detection capability of the original test suite. The suggested approach not only minimizes the test suite’s size, thereby reducing the regression testing cost, but also ensures that the reduced test suite catches the same number of faults as that of the original test suite. Further, we also examine their performance in scenarios when meeting all testing requirements is not feasible due to time and budget constraints.

Code analysis is more important than ever because JavaScript is increasingly popular and actively used, both on the client and server sides. Most algorithms for analyzing vulnerabilities, finding coding issues, or inferring type depend on the call graph representation of the underlying program. Luckily, there are quite a few tools to get this job done already. However, their performance in vitro and especially in vivo has not yet been extensively compared and evaluated. In this paper, we compare several approaches for building JavaScript call graphs, namely five static and two dynamic approaches on 26 WebKit SunSpider programs, and two static and two dynamic approaches on 12 real-world Node.js programs. The tools under examination using static techniques were npm call graph, IBM WALA, Google Closure Compiler, Approximate Call Graph, and Type Analyzer for JavaScript. We performed dynamic analyzes relying on the nodejs-cg tool (a customized Node.js runtime) and the NodeProf instrumentation and profiling framework. We provide a quantitative evaluation of the results, and a result quality analysis based on 941 manually validated call edges. On the SunSpider programs, which do not take any inputs, so dynamic extraction could be complete, all the static tools also performed well. For example, TAJS found 93% of all edges while having a 97% precision compared to the precise dynamic call graph. When it comes to real-world Node.js modules, our evaluation shows that static tools struggle with parsing the code and fail to detect a significant amount of call edges that dynamic approaches can capture. Nonetheless, a significant number of edges not detected by dynamic approaches are also reported. Among these, however, there are also edges that are real, but for some reason the unit tests did not execute the branches in which these calls were included.

Метою статті є дослідження, аналіз різних компонентів концепції Full Stack JavaScript та розгляд загальних проблем і перспектив розробки на її основі прототипу освітнього вебзастосунку. Методами дослідження є основні методологічні підходи й технологічні засоби для розробки інтелектуальних навчальних систем з елементами гейміфікації на основі використання відповідної багаторівневої онтологічної моделі. Такими методами, зокрема, є: системний і порівняльний аналізи для виявлення особливостей створення масштабованих і високопродуктивних вебзастосунків; метод експертних оцінок, який передбачає аналіз літературних джерел та інформаційних ресурсів, проведення інтерв’ю та опитування експертів, а також процеси розробки й тестування масштабованих і високопродуктивних вебзастосунків. Науковою новизною дослідження є аналіз сучасних технологій розробки платформ підтримки освітнього онлайн-процесу, результати якого можна застосовувати під час підготовки власного програмного продукту підтримки e-learning, що є помічником користувача в процесі вивчення відповідного освітнього контенту, а, можливо, взагалі зможе стати самостійною одиницею – онлайн-курсом. Висновки. У роботі досліджено наявні погляди на сучасний підхід до розробки високопродуктивних вебсайтів з використанням основних компонентів концепції Full Stack JavaScript: Node.js, Express та MongoDB. Проаналізовано переваги та недоліки відомих платформ підтримки е-learning. Проведений аналіз обумовив вибір концепції Full Stack JavaScript для розробки сучасних вебзастосунків. Для розробки frontend використано такі технології, як HTML, CSS і JavaScript. Для розробки backend використано Node.js разом з Express. Для зберігання даних (як документів) використовувалася база даних MongoDB. Запропонований підхід до розробки прототипу освітнього вебзастосунку продемонстрував можливість такої реалізації кожного компонента Full Stack JavaScript, коли веб-застосунок забезпечує мінімалістичні функції платформи онлайн-навчання, досягаючи необхідного рівня як освітнього контенту, так і рівня компетенцій, що потенційно можуть отримати користувачі застосунку. Концепція Full Stack JavaScript забезпечує одне з найкращих рішень для розробки сучасних вебзастосунків, зменшуючи розподіл між frontend і backend та полегшуючи гнучкість розробки. Це дає змогу створювати масштабовані та високопродуктивні освітні вебзастосунки за допомогою однієї мови. Ураховуючи результати проведеного аналізу, ухвалено рішення щодо розробки прототипу освітнього вебзастосунку на базі концепції Full Stack JavaScript, який би забезпечував мінімалістичні функції платформи онлайн-навчання.

One of the challenges in modern nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is achieving its highest possible measuring sensitivity. This is because modern NMR samples' response signals decrease, so background noise of the used NMR spectroscopy system causes bigger problems. As a solution, both software and hardware interventions were applied. However, these improvements were obtained experimentally, so the reason for their proper operation and upper limit is usually unknown. Recently, a noise model of the NMR spectroscopy system, which shows both the reason for proper operation and the upper limit of the applied improvements, was introduced. A Javascript-based calculator, based on the introduced model, has been developed and made available online as a user-friendly website that can be run on the most commonly used Internet browsers. To the authors' knowledge, this calculator is the first of its kind that analyses noise properties in NMR. Using it, one can a priori make both sensitivity prediction of practical NMR systems in physics and material science and quantitative analysis of its noise properties. Consequently, overall measurement duration can be shortened down to one half of the current duration. This is an immense improvement, as some modern NMR measurements consume more than ten hours per measurement.

The Coastal Cliffs Morphology Analysis (CCMORPH) Toolbox is a collection of PYTHON scripts and a JavaScript tool to produce georectified information specifically tailored for the generation and quantitative analysis of coastal cliffs’ morphology. Although experts have employed numerous methods to extract coastal indicators from digital elevation models, most do not enable software code to repeat the proposed processes. Here, we provide an easily accessible software solution that demonstrates how to automatically extract line indicators from digital elevation models using different scientific methodologies and generate comparable datasets representing coastal cliff dynamics.

Student matriculation number is a unique identification and authentication number assigned to every student upon first enrollment in an institution. This unique matriculation number assists research and educational institutions to monitor, track, organize and transfer student records efficiently, effectively and reliably. This research paper is centered on the automation of student matriculation number generation in the Nigerian Defence Academy Postgraduate School, Kaduna. An algorithm was developed to automatically generate the matriculation number. The Unified Modelling Language (UML) was used to design the system and it was implemented using Java.

This research addresses the need to enhance agricultural management due to rapid population growth in the 20th and 21st centuries. It focuses on integrating sensors and embedded systems to collect data on soil and air conditions, including temperature, humidity, and solar radiation. This information is obtained using ESP32 microcontrollers and stored in a centralized database. This system uses JavaScript and the Leaflet library’s interpolation algorithm to create interactive maps, allowing the farmers in the northern region of Paraná, Brazil, to monitor their fields and activate irrigation according to the predefined routines. This innovative system provides a data-driven approach to agriculture and automated irrigation, conferring advantages to the farmers and their families.

Viruses that infect as well as often kill bacteria are called bacteriophages, or phages. Because of their ability to act bactericidally, phages increasingly are being employed clinically as antibacterial agents, an infection-fighting strategy that has been in practice now for over one hundred years. As with antibacterial agents generally, the development as well as practice of this phage therapy can be aided via the application of various quantitative frameworks. Therefore, reviewed here are considerations of phage multiplicity of infection, bacterial likelihood of becoming adsorbed as a function of phage titers, bacterial susceptibility to phages also as a function of phage titers, and the use of Poisson distributions to predict phage impacts on bacteria. Considered in addition is the use of simulations that can take into account both phage and bacterial replication. These various approaches can be automated, i.e., by employing a number of online-available apps provided by the author, the use of which this review emphasizes. In short, the practice of phage therapy can be aided by various mathematical approaches whose implementation can be eased via online automation.

This work is dedicated to the design, implementation and evaluation of a new algorithm visualization system. The currently available systems and libraries are briefly compared with each other based on the visualizations and functionalities they provide. Since the analyzed tools didn't meet all of the given requirements, we decided that the development of a new system for algorithm and data structure visualizations would be beneficial for use in teaching the subject Data Structures and Algorithms. The new system was designed to be easily usable, extensible, available and to cover the basic functionalities available in similar systems and other useful features. The proposed system provides three types of visualizations: predefined visualizations, to explain how each data structure and algorithm works; interactive visualizations, to let the user interact with the visualization directly; and interactive exercises, to let the users test their knowledge. These three types of visualizations cover the whole learning process, provide theoretical and practical knowlegde, and also a way to test their knowledge. The system is implemented in the form of a web application and, for the visualizations, the JSAV library is used. The system was also evaluated by the users via a survey and several improvements were implemented in the system based on the feedback provided by the users.

JavaScript Web applications are a common product in industry. As with most applications, Web applications can acquire software flaws (known as bugs), whose symptoms are seen during the development stage and, even worse, in production. The use of debuggers is beneficial for detecting bugs. Unfortunately, most JavaScript debuggers (1) only support the “step into/through” feature in an execution program to detect a bug, and (2) do not allow developers to go back-in-time at the application execution to take actions to detect the bug accurately. For example, the second limitation does not allow developers to modify the value of a variable to fix a bug while the application is running or test if the same bug is triggered with other values of that variable. Using concepts such as continuations and static analysis, this article presents a usable debugger for JavaScript, named DeloreanJS, which enables developers to go back-in-time in different execution points and resume the execution of a Web application to improve the understanding of a bug, or even experiment with hypothetical scenarios around the bug. Using an online and available version, we illustrate the benefits of DeloreanJS through five examples of bugs in JavaScript. Although DeloreanJS is developed for JavaScript, a dynamic prototype-based object model with side effects (mutable variables), we discuss our proposal with the state-of-art/practice of debuggers in terms of features. For example, modern browsers like Mozilla Firefox include a debugger in their distribution that only support for the breakpoint feature. However DeloreanJS uses a graphical user interface that considers back-in-time features. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the usability of DeloreanJS and Mozilla Firefox’s debugger using the system usability scale approach. We requested 30 undergraduate students from two computer science programs to solve five tasks. Among the findings, we highlight two results. First, we found that 100% (15) of participants recommended DeloreanJS, and only 53% (eight) recommended Firefox’s debugger to complete the tasks. Second, whereas the average score for DeloreanJS is 71.6 (“Good”), the average score for Firefox’s debugger is 55.8 (“Acceptable”).

Existen muchas herramientas para desarrollar aplicaciones en Java, pero existen pocas alternativas para framework o bibliotecas especializadas para mostrar gráficos (charts) en entornos web. Aunque la mayoría son para entornos de escritorio, las librerías PrimeFaces y ChartistJSF son una alternativa para la web, pero están orientadas a proyectos basados en Java Server Faces. En este sentido, muchos proyectos prefieren utilizar principalmente una biblioteca de gráficos integrada con JavaScript, lo que implica una curva de aprendizaje adicional y requiere más tiempo en el desarrollo de aplicaciones. Por lo tanto, es necesario tener una biblioteca o marco de visualización de gráficos único para aplicaciones Java en el entorno web. Por lo tanto, en este artículo se propone construir una herramienta que ayude a desarrollar visualizaciones gráficas en proyectos web Java utilizando los conceptos de TagLibs y Webjars. La herramienta propuesta se llama EchartsTag y fue construida siguiendo la metodología XP y validada con SonarQube y un grupo de profesionales expertos en desarrollo de proyectos Java. EchartsTag está disponible en GitHub, por lo que puede ser utilizado por cualquier desarrollador de la comunidad de Java u organizaciones que trabajen con tecnología Java. Finalmente, los resultados de rendimiento de EchartsTag se demuestran al compararlo con otras herramientas alternativas, logrando un tiempo promedio de 14,17 minutos en tiempo de desarrollo y ocupando el tercer lugar en tiempo promedio de visualización que es 3,5 m -después de Chartjs y HighChats. Además, ocupa el primer lugar en la evaluación de otros criterios para el desarrollo web java con herramientas de visualización de gráficos.

If the digital scholarly edition (DSE) is ever to replace the print scholarly edition it must be made truly interoperable so it can be easily secured, moved, published, aggregated, distributed and sold. Current DSEs are customised for particular projects, and must be maintained by their creators. Their contents are also not easily reusable by others. However, digital editions can be made truly interoperable by writing them directly for the Web rather than first in XML, then converting them to HTML. For this to work, some changes to the organisation of the software and data of a DSE are needed. Instead of dividing the software into two parts that run on the server and the client, all software can be moved to the client. In this way, a DSE can become portable, durable and directly usable in any web-browser. Instead of XML, the textual data can use a simplified form of HTML consisting of only two elements: and , controlled and customised by a standard CSS stylesheet. The current practice of encoding alternatives such as variants can be replaced by versions and layers: versions are complete texts written by the author and layers are notional transcripts of local changes ordered chronologically. In this way textual data can express most of the information formerly specified by the complex TEI-XML Guidelines, and the rest via other technologies, and reorganise it in a form that allows easy comparison, editing, searching and textual analysis using standard software tools.

The aim of the work is to conduct a performance analysis and, on its basis, to indicate the most user-friendly and fastest operating framework. Three Internet applications have been written to test the speed of operation of selected technologies. Some of the most popular frameworks were analyzed: Angular, React and Vue. Static comparative criteria used in the work are: favorable and generally available documentation, application development, speed of application development, development and support by creators. The practical criteria are the times measured during the execution of the tests. The tests were performed with simple operations using the CRUD (Create Read Update Delete) function. The performance analysis carried out in this way shows the differences between the frameworks. The following developerPersian tools were used for the comparative analysis: Google Analytics, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Chrome DevTools.

To prevent and handle forest and land and forest fire (karhutla), the Ministry of Environment and Forestry assembled a patrol team that conducts a daily task to observe directly to the hotspot location as an indication for land fire. Currently, the patrol team reported the investigation result into a group chat. This method consumed many storage spaces and not suitable for formal reporting. This study aims to develop a front-end module for a web GIS application that visualizes the patrol team's daily report. The application has its data recapitulation method and able to create a formal report. The data used in this study are a set of the report that collected in 2016 by Sumatera and Kalimantan patrol team. The steps to build this application include communication, integrate with the API from the back-end system, developing functional needs, software testing, and the last is software release. The application was build using HTML and CSS for its interface and Javascript and API from the back-end module for its content management. The system uses Google Maps services and library to support the functionalities of the application. The unit testing method's test result shows that the module runs well and can afford all of the required functionality. In addition, the system testing result that the ratio between actual error and expected error is equal to 1. This result indicates the functions of the system are working properly according to the use cases of the system.

We are presenting an online workflow puzzle, which runs in a browser. The player can put together puzzle pieces to pre-defined production chains. Extensive online help supports the player in laying out the puzzle pieces correctly. The puzzle is based on the process-resource model, which is also the basis of the Job Definition Format. This paper explains the game as well as implementation strategy.

The urgent need to protect user privacy and security has emerged as the World Wide Web has become an increasingly necessary part of daily life. Browser fingerprinting is a very interesting topic in the industry of technology security. New technology will always raise new security issues and browser fingerprinting will undoubtedly follow the same process. It has become one of the most popular topics in online privacy because, to date, there is still no exact solution as to how to stop it entirely. The majority of solutions just aim to reduce the likelihood of obtaining a browser fingerprint. Research on browser fingerprinting is unquestionably required since it is essential to educate users, developers, policymakers, and law enforcement about it so that they can make strategic choices based on knowledge. Browser fingerprinting must be recognised in order to defend against privacy problems. A browser fingerprint is described as data gathered by the receiving server to identify a distant device, and it is different from cookies. Websites frequently utilize browser fingerprinting to obtain information about the type and version of the browser, as well as the operating system, and other current settings. It has been known that even when cookies are disabled, fingerprints can be used to fully or partially identify users or devices. In this communication paper, a new insight into the challenge of browser fingerprint is encouraged as a new venture. Thus, the initial way to truly understand the browser fingerprint is the need to collect browser fingerprints. In this work, the process of data collection for browser fingerprinting through scripting, to offer a complete all-in-one fingerprinting test suite, has been thoughtfully divided into appropriate sections and grouped with key information to be carried out. The objective is to gather fingerprint data with no personal identification information and make it an open source of raw datasets in the industry for any future research purposes. To our best knowledge, there are no open datasets made available for browser fingerprints in the research field. The dataset will be widely accessible by anyone interested in obtaining those data. The dataset collected will be very raw and will be in the form of a text file. Thus, the main contribution of this work is to share an open dataset of browser fingerprints along with its collection methodology.

Browser fingerprinting refers to a collection of techniques used to gather information about a user's browser attributes. The information gained from a browser fingerprint can be used to partially or fully identify a user without using any other technique, e.g., cookies. One type of browser fingerprinting is canvas fingerprinting which utilizes HTML-canvas elements to identify users. Various defense algorithms against canvas fingerprinting have been developed, but unfortunately, have been shown to be penetrable and detectable. In this paper, we present Canvas Deceiver, a new countermeasure against canvas fingerprint. Canvas Deceiver is a browser extension that uses a new algorithm that is different from existing problem-possessing algorithms. Canvas Deceiver does not rely on randomness, does not provide a unique identity, and is not detectable. To show its functionality and effectiveness, we tested Canvas Deceiver using different tools that provide browser fingerprint tests. According to the test results, Canvas Deceiver outperforms current countermeasures in detectability while providing sufficient anonymity to its users. For instance, in Browserleaks, the user originally was put into a group with 634 people. After using Canvas Deceiver, he is put into a group with 7847 people.

Wheelchair is used by individuals that find it challenging to walk. Various methods have been adopted in developing wheelchairs to suit the needs of the physically disabled using the available technologies. Problems associated with the already existing wheelchairs are difficulty in maneuvering them in a confined and constrained space and limitation in degree of movement they can achieve. The aim of this project is to develop a smart omnidirectional controlled wheelchair. The system is not only applicable for domestic use, it can also be used for sports and in the hospital. The movement of the wheelchair is controlled from a web application via Wireless Fidelity communication. The methodology employed includes designing the web application interface using Hypertext markup language and JavaScript programming language, the hardware part consists of the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, programmed with python programming language. Then, the software and hardware part were integrated together to form a complete system. The main advantage of the system is that it allows the user of a wheelchair to maneuver through a confined and constrained space and control the wheelchair remotely. The performance measure considered were the accuracy of the obstacle detection unit in detecting brick wall, metal and wood, and the response time of the wheelchair to movement commands from the web application. The average detection accuracies for the brick wall, metal, and wood were 87.37%, 94.43%, and 83.57% respectively. The average response time of the wheelchair to movement commands from the web application was 1.04 seconds.

Video calling or voice calling through the use of the internet is a very common thing in today's world. Nevertheless, users have to pay charges directly or indirectly, tolerating all the delays even if you use the facility within the same network or sub-network. Over 30 million US households used Voice over IP (VoIP) until the end of 2010. Specialist found that 31.4% of the household used VoIP as the main and only home phone line by 2012. Users up till now have multiplied by a huge factor. There are several drawbacks of using video calling over the internet within a small network such as delay of packets (travel to the main server outside network and reenter the same network again), direct or indirect costs, users need to be always connected online and efficiency and speed of the user's system vary according to connection quality and bandwidth. In this project, we implemented a WebRTC enabled web application which provides free peer to peer video calling and conferencing tool for any private organization on top of their existing private network.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the Blazor framework in client mode with the hosting option. A test application has been created for the purposes of testing. The application loading efficiency and the size of downloaded data were examined for the completed application. The performance in calculation tests, operations on collections and the efficiency of generating DOM elements were determined. JavaScript code performance has been compared.

Knowing what the user does inside your web and how he does it is crucial nowadays to understand the strengths and inconveniences of your web's design and architectural structure as well as about the usability of the site. Currently, there are several solutions that allow the tracking of the user behavior but these have some limitations due to the information they are able to capture and how they can present that information in a useful way for the web developer. Many of these platforms don't capture information about the user activity in the websites, clicks, mouse movements, etc. Some solutions do capture some of this user activity, but they only process the information visually showing heatmaps. In this paper we present UXJs, a novel research approach for collecting automatically all possible information about the user activity in websites, showing this information quantitatively and allowing its automatic statistical analysis and the rapid understanding by web developers.

Many Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems use lightweight JavaScript engines to support easy programming in microcontrollers. Lightweight JavaScript engines use several techniques for memory optimization, such as static heap reservation and compressed addressing. Recent IoT systems also use several external libraries and a larger on-chip memory to support abundant functionalities, such as machine learning and connectivity. However, as the JavaScript heap space is not resizable owing to the memory optimizations, the JavaScript engine or an external library is prone to fail the memory allocation in these devices. To address this problem, we propose a flexible memory optimization technique, segment-based multiple-base compressed addressing (SMBCA), which compresses a pointer indicating a JavaScript object allocated to a resizable heap based on multiple base addresses. SMBCA comprises two components: a dynamic segment allocator (DSA) and a multiple-base compressed address translator (MBCAT). DSA dynamically allocates the JavaScript heap in segment units. Meanwhile, MBCAT converts a low-bitwidth address into a full-bitwidth address and vice versa, based on the multiple base addresses. To reduce the address compression overhead of MBCAT, we propose a software cache technique, reverse map cache (RMC). We found that the SMBCA reduces average memory usage by 43.9% compared to the existing lightweight JavaScript engines when running SunSpider benchmarks, V8 benchmarks, and real-world applications. We also showed that the RMC reduces the average address compression latency of MBCAT by 34.9% when running the SunSpider benchmarks.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) are membrane proteins essential to initiating and propagating action potential in neurons and other excitable cells. For a given organism there are often multiple, specialized sodium channels found in different tissues, whose mutations can cause deleterious effects observed in numerous diseases. Consequently, there is high medical and pharmacological interest in these proteins. Scientific literature often uses membrane diagrams to depict important patterns in these channels including the six transmembrane segments (S1–S6) present in four different homologous domains (D1–D4), the S4 voltage sensors, the pore-lining residue segments and the ion selectivity filter residues, glycosylation and phosphorylation residues, toxin binding sites and the inactivation loop, among others. Most of these diagrams are illustrated either digitally or by hand and programs specifically dedicated to the interactive and data-friendly generation of such visualizations are scarce or non-existing. This paper describes Naview, an open-source javascript visualization compatible with modern web browsers for the dynamic drawing and annotation of voltage-gated sodium channels membrane diagrams based on the D3.js library. By using a graphical user interface and combining user-defined annotations with optional UniProt code as inputs, Naview allows the creation and customization of membrane diagrams. In this interface, a user can also map and display important sodium channel properties, residues, regions and their relationships through symbols, colors, and edge connections. Such features can facilitate data exploration and provide fast, high-quality publication-ready graphics for this highly active area of research.

Currently the most widespread way of reporting in radiology is dictation mainly due to performance benefits. The output of this method is plain text, which varies in style (structure, nomenclature, abbreviations, etc.) and content between doctors even when reporting the exact same case. Templated radiology provides a structure for reporting and aims to help in generating more unified reports. We propose a web-based system for creating and using radiological structured reporting templates.We developed our software based on web technologies. We wrote the system with modular design in mind. We have separate libraries for the different functionalities: a rendering library which renders the templates based on a schema, an editor library which handles template creation, and an evaluator library, which parses, and executes our custom domain specific language, FormScript, which enables dynamic behavior in our templates. We also developed a Single Page Application to create, browse, use and share templating reports. The backend of the application is powered by Firebase from Google.We deployed our system at a publicly accessible domain at https://app.radiosheets.com.

Метою статті є дослідження, аналіз і розгляд загальних проблем, які розв’язує технологія TypeScript для суворої типізації під час розробки вебзастосунків. Методами дослідження є методи семантичного аналізу основних понять цієї предметної сфери (розробка вебзастосунків засобами JavaScript та TypeScript). У статті розглянуто результати аналізу використання технології TypeScript у порівнянні з JavaScript. Новизною проведеного дослідження є аналіз сучасної технології TypeScript і розв’язання за її допомогою проблем суворої типізації під час розробки вебзастосунків. Висновки. У процесі дослідження технології TypeScript схарактеризовано її сутність, мету створення, описано переваги та недоліки. Визначено ситуації доцільності її використання.

Метою статті є дослідження, аналіз і розгляд загальних проблем і перспектив використання принципу впровадження залежностей під час розробки вебзастосунків мовою РНР. Методами дослідження є методи семантичного аналізу основних понять цієї предметної сфери (вебтехнології та вебзастосунки). У статті розглянуто відомі підходи до інверсії управління на основі використання шаблону впровадження залежностей. Новизною проведеного дослідження є розв’язання проблем інверсії управління на основі шаблону під час проєктування вебзастосунків. Висновки. Проаналізовано наявні проблеми та перспективи застосування принципу впровадження залежностей у вебзастосунках, що мають програмний код, написаний мовою РНР. Враховуючи результати проведеного аналізу, розроблено систему автоматизації впровадження залежностей, яка має важливе значення для розв’язання проблем підвищення ефективності процесів розробки вебзастосунків мовою РНР.

JavaScript-based attacks injected into a webpage to perpetrate malicious activities are still the main problem in web security. Recent works have leveraged advances in artificial intelligence by considering many feature representations to improve the performance of malicious webpage detection. However, they did not focus on extracting the intention of JavaScript content, which is crucial for detecting the maliciousness of a webpage. In this study, we introduce an additional feature extraction process that can capture the intention of the JavaScript content of the webpage. In particular, we developed a framework for obtaining a JavaScript representation based on the abstract syntax tree for JavaScript (AST-JS), which enriches the webpage features for a better detection model. Moreover, we investigated the influence of our proposed feature on improving the model’s performance by using the Shapley additive explanation method to define the significance of each feature category compared to our proposed feature. The evaluation shows that adding the AST-JS feature can improve the performance for detecting malicious webpage compared to previous work. We also found that AST significantly influences performance, especially for webpages with JavaScript content.

PESummary is a Python software package for processing and visualizing data from any parameter estimation code. The easy to use Python executable scripts and extensive online documentation has resulted in PESummary becoming a key component in the international gravitational-wave analysis toolkit. PESummary has been developed to be more than just a post-processing tool with all outputs fully self-contained. PESummary has become central to making gravitational-wave inference analysis open and easily reproducible.

Setiap mahasiswa yang mengambil jurusan seperti: MIPA, teknik, dan kedokteran pasti pada saat perkuliahan wajib mengambil mata kuliah kalkulus. Mata kuliah kalkulus dibahas dalam berbagai macam persamaan salah satunya adalah persamaan integral. Persamaan integral biasannya digunakan untuk melakukan pendekatan perhitungan pada kasus fisis teertentu, sehingga dapat dicari solusinya. Selain itu mengitung fungsi integral juga mempuyai tingkat kesulitan tinggi, karena dibutuhkan kecepatan dan ketelitian pada proses perhitungannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan sebuah produk penelitian berupa aplikasi untuk menghitung dan menyelesaikan fungsi integral. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Research and Development. Sedangkan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi peneliti menggunakan bahasa Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) dan JavaScript. Sedangkan metode numerik sebagai dasar dalam membangun aplikasi ini adalah metode Simpson 1/3. Hasil penelitian ini adalah software dalam bentuk web aplikasi yang berfungsi untuk menghitung berbagai fungsi integral. Adapun keuntungan produk penelitan ini: (1) Dapat berjalan pada semua operating system; (2) Tidak perlu tambahan fitur installasi untuk membuka aplikasi produk penelitian; dan (3) Dapat berjalan pada semua tipe hardware (laptop, personal computer, dan smartphone). Kata Kunci: Aplikasi web, integral, JavaScript, HTML Web-based application on HTML and JavaScript to complete integral functions in calculus lessons Abstract Every student majoring in: MIPA, Engineering and Medicine is required to take calculus courses during college. In calculus subjects various kinds of equations are discussed, one of which is integral equations. Integral equations are usually used to approach calculations in certain physical cases, so that solutions can be found. In addition, calculating the integral function has a high level of difficulty, because it requires speed and accuracy in the calculation process. The type of research used in this study is Research and Development. To develop application, researchers use Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and JavaScript languages. While the numerical method as the basis for building this appliacation is the Simpson 1/3 Method. The results of this study are software in the form of web applications that function to calculate various integral functions: 1. Can run on all operating systems; 2. No need for additional application features to open (just a web browser); 3. Can run on all types of hardware (laptops, computer personal and smartphones). Keywords: Web-based aplications, integral, JavaScript, HTML

Abstract This is one part of a series of reviews concerning the application of programming languages in chemistry, edited by Dr. Rajarshi Guha. This article reviews the JavaScript technology as it applies to the chemistry discipline. A discussion of the history, scope and technical details of the programming language is presented.

In this paper, we introduce two multi-source download protocols for loosely orchestrated networks that have high potential in Information-Centric Networking (ICN). We focus on services with high bandwidth and low delay requirements, such as video streaming. We propose MUlti-source Transmission Protocol (MUTP) for uncoded multi-source data delivery and extend it with network coding capabilities to create Coded MUTP. We investigate their throughput using a custom-designed system that includes browser extensions and proxy servers. The browser extensions intercept YouTube video downloads and forward them through our proxy server, using parallel HTTP requests, Uncoded MUTP or Coded MUTP approach. We present measurement results collected in 2018-2019, over eleven months that include 1,300,000 log records from more than 960 GBs of video download. We show that even when downloading from only two sources, our protocols can match the heavily optimized HTTP. Furthermore, by increasing the number of sources to four or higher, MUTP protocols can outperform HTTP, reaching an up to three-fold goodput (useful throughput) increase. In addition, we show that the proposed solution avoids the straggler problem, therefore adding more sources to a network increases its goodput.

Code obfuscation built upon code virtualization technology is one of the viable means for protecting sensitive algorithms and data against code reverse engineering attacks. Code virtualization has been successfully applied to programming languages like C, C++, and Java. However, it remains an outstanding challenge to apply this promising technique to JavaScript, a popular web programming language. This is primarily due to the open visibility of JavaScript code and the expensive runtime overhead associated with code virtualization. This paper presents JSPro, a novel code virtualization system for JavaScript. JSPro is the first JavaScript code obfuscation tool that builds upon the emerging WebAssembly language standard. It is designed to provide more secure code protection but without incurring a significant runtime penalty, explicitly targeting numerical JavaScript kernels. We achieve this by first automatically translating the target JavaScript code into WebAssembly and then performing code obfuscation on the compiled WebAssembly binary. Our design has two advantages over existing solutions: (1) it increases the code reverse entering complexity by implementing code obfuscation at a lower binary level and (2) it significantly reduces the performance impact of code virtualization over the native JavaScript code by using the performance-tuned WebAssembly language. We evaluate JSPro on a set of numerical JavaScript algorithms widely used in many applications. To test the performance, we apply JSPro to four mainstream web browsers running on three distinct mobile devices. Compared to state-of-the-art JavaScript obfuscation tools, JSPro not only provides stronger protection but also reduces the runtime overhead by at least 15% (up to 38.2%) and the code size by 28.2% on average.