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Purpose – The study aims to determine whether a relationship exists between the potential significance of corporate controversies for stakeholders and how organisations respond to them in their annual and sustainability reports. Design/methodology/approach – This paper employs content analysis on annual and sustainability reports of 48 listed companies from the Refinitiv database. The logit regression was used to estimate the model. Findings – The study revealed that the main factors increasing the probability of a controversial issue being addressed in a corporate report are the controversy’s potential significance, companies’ financial performance and lawsuits. Research limitations/implications – Our study has three major limitations. These are a relatively small sample of companies and reports, focusing on disclosures made in corporate reports and omitting other channels of communication, for example, social media, and a certain amount of subjectivity in the process of coding information. Social implications – Former studies show that corporations face a serious risk of their hypocritical strategies becoming too evident for stakeholder groups. Our findings suggest that the risk is already materialising and may undermine the idea of CSR and sustainability reporting. Originality/value – Our research focuses on high-profile adverse incidents widely reported in the media, the omission of which from corporate reports seems to constitute a particular case of organised hypocrite. It also demonstrates that companies use an impression management strategy to defuse adverse publicity and that major controversies cause minor ones to be omitted from their reports.

Purpose: To compare the quality of complete dentures and quality of life of participants rehabilitated by using TENS (Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation) facilitated impression making with manual impressions. Material and methods: Ten completely edentulous participants were enrolled in the crossover, pilot study. Participants were randomized in 2 groups. Five participants in each group were rehabilitated by dentures fabricated with TENS facilitated definitive impression technique (group T) and conventional impression technique (group C). In group T, Bioelectric border molding was done for the participants, that uses electric stimulation of the nerves supplying the muscles. In group C, incremental border molding using modeling plastic impression compound was carried out. Participants in each group used the dentures for 3 months. After 3 months, OHIP-EDENT questionnaire responses were obtained from the participants to observe the oral health related quality of life. A dental specialist recorded denture quality by Kapur scoring criteria. After one month wash period, the treatment was swapped between the groups. OHIP-EDENT scores and Kapur score were recorded for the alternate dentures after 3 months of use. Descriptive analysis was followed by Mann Whitney test to compare the overall scores between group T and group C for OHIP-EDENT, the scores for individual domains of OHIP-EDENT, and Kapur score for denture evaluation (α = 0.05). Results: The overall OHIP-EDENT scores within each domain were less in group T when compared with the scores in group C and Kapur score for group T was more than group C. The difference was statistically significant i.e. P = 0.002 & 0.003 respectively. Conclusions: Less OHIP-EDENT scores in group T imply better perception of quality of life of individuals due to better performance of stomatognathic system. The higher Kapur scores in group T signifies better quality of dentures when TENS was used for definitive impression making.

Our research aims to investigate the impact mechanism of brand loyalty among gamers during the gaming process within the framework of brand loyalty theory and cognitive theory. We surveyed game players from Zhejiang Province, China. The research methods include a questionnaire survey and structural equation modelling. Results show that game experience, interaction, and impression are positively correlated with game trust, while game trust is positively correlated with game brand loyalty. Game trust, as a mediator variable, plays a complete mediation role. The clustering results of player gender and age as moderating effects are not significant. Based on the analysis results, we have suggested corresponding policy recommendations and reflections. Our research contributes to the analysation of impact mechanism of brand loyalty during the gaming process through the establishment of a structural equation model and provides suggestions and reflections on the development of the gaming industry.

Background. The study of psychological mechanisms and patterns of "conscious" regulation of psychic states turns us to the structures of consciousness and their functions in the regulatory process. These structures and mechanisms remain the least studied to date, while the need to understand the psychological mechanisms of self-regulation of states is extremely relevant, and knowledge about them is in demand in various situations of a subject’s life. Objective. The presented analytical article analyzes the concept of "situation" (approaches, principles, structure, levels, etc.) considered as a "psychological situation" and investigates its role in the actualization of the mental regulation of psychic states. Results. It is shown that psychological situation, through the formation of an impression, which is a cognitive-affective complex, “launches” the regulatory process, actualizing the structures of consciousness constituted by semantic, reflective, representative structures, experiences, and the Self system. The article provides an analysis of results of the situational conditioning of self-regulation of states among the employees of government institutions, in the process of teaching students, in difficult life situations (reversible and irreversible) as well as its impact on the activation of consciousness structures and, accordingly, on the operational means of regulation. Consideration is also given to the relationships between mental structures in the process of regulating the subject's states. Conclusion. The formation of functional structures "situation - mental structures - regulatory means - mental states" occurs in the process of psychic states regulation. The actualization of functional structures is due to the purpose of regulation - the need to change the state in accordance with requirements of the situation of the subject's life activity. Activation of the consciousness structures mediating the choice of operational means of regulation and their use leads to a change in the psychic state.

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present the author’s own comprehensive method of testing impression management in narrative reporting and the possibility of using it to evaluate and measure impression management and identify the strategy of impression management in letters to shareholders. Methodology/approach: The development of the method of testing impression management in narrative reporting was preceded by a critical analysis of the literature. Content analysis and the IMNR (impression management in narrative reporting) index were used in the empirical study. The study covered ten letters to shareholders of Polish companies. Findings: The article presents a tool for assessing and measuring impression management, showing how it is calculated. It also presents the results of a survey, showing the possibilities of using the IMNR index. In the audited board of directors’ letters, the occurrence of all analysed impression management strategies was identified. The article discusses selected methods of impression management observed in those documents. Research limitations/implications: The proposed IMNR index is limited to selected impression management strategies and the means by which they can be detected. As the study was limited to selected companies, future research may investigate other entities or reporting forms. Additionally, only documents written in Polish were analysed. Originality/value: The article presents the original IMNR index, which makes it possible to comprehensively examine impression management and compare reports. The conducted empirical study covered a wide range of ways of managing impressions. Documents written in Polish were examined. As Polish researchers have been dealing with the issue of impression management by Polish companies since only relatively recently, the research gap, which this article partially fills, is extremely wide.

Abstract Purpose This systematic review aimed to investigate the accuracy of intraoral scan (IOS) impressions of implant-supported restorations in in vivo studies. Methods A systematic electronic search and review of studies on the accuracy of IOS implant impressions were conducted to analyze the peer-reviewed literature published between 1989 and August 2023. The bias analysis was performed by two reviewers. Data on the study characteristics, accuracy outcomes, and related variables were extracted. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials was performed to investigate the impact of IOS on peri-implant crestal bone loss and the time involved in the impression procedure. Results Ten in vivo studies were included in this systematic review for final analysis. Six studies investigated the trueness of IOS impressions, but did not reach the same conclusions. One study assessed the precision of IOS impressions for a single implant. Four clinical studies examined the accuracy of IOS implant impressions with a follow-up of 1–2 years. In full arches, IOS impression procedure needed significantly less time than conventional one (mean difference for procedure time was 8.59 min [6.78, 10.40 min], P

The review of the works and the writings of philosophers regarding the origin of philosophical concepts and the origin of the concepts and imaginations before it are indicative of the gradual and influenced formation and importance of this issue from a series of ideas in both the west and Islam. In the western world, the idea of innate ideas raised by rationalists and the rejection of the same idea by empiricists finally leads the Scottish philosopher Hume, who is evasive from the mysterious philosophy,to tract the origin of concepts and adaptations and by presenting a plan to refer concepts and adaptations has beaten all philosophies and introduced them as illusory and invalid concepts,and appeals to justifying the existence of these concepts in the mind to psychological and imaginary bases. later and in the passing of time due to the entry of western ideas into Iran,especially in the contemporary era,the issue of the origin of concepts and ideas (in general) and the origin of philosophical(in particular) by Allamh Tabatabayi has doubled its value and importance. Allameh, like Hume while rejecting the idea of innate and preconceived notions of the mind and bringing science to the field of presence and emphasizing the inherent existence and discovery of science and by reference all concepts and ideas to present science the validity and epistemological value of the philosophical concepts which are in Hume's philosophical dictionary restores what was disappeared and gives new life to philosophy and its concepts.

Objective: This study investigated how the number of images collected for digital measurements in dentistry affects accuracy compared with traditional methods. Methods: A Frasaco maxillary model was scanned using a SHINING 3D AutoScan-DS-MIX dental 3D scanner to create an STL file. The maxilla was molded 10 times using polyvinyl siloxane (Zhermack Elite HD+) to produce plaster models, which were scanned with the same reference scanner to generate 10 STL files. The Frasaco model was scanned 10 times, capturing images in intervals of 800–1000, 1000–1200, and 1200–1500 using a 3Shape TRIOS 3 intraoral scanner, creating additional STL files. These were analyzed with reverse engineering software. Results: The most accurate measurements were obtained using 1200–1500 images. Conventional impression techniques performed significantly worse. There was a significant difference between the groups Digital 1200–1500 and Plaster (p < 0.001) and between Digital 800–1000 and Plaster (p = 0.007). No significant difference was found when the digital groups were compared among themselves. There was also no significant difference between the Plaster and Digital 1000–1200 groups. To compare precision values that were normally distributed across three or more methods, a one-way ANOVA was used. Trueness values that were not normally distributed with three or more methods were compared employing the Kruskal–Wallis test. Conclusions: Different image counts affect digital measurement accuracy. The most accurate measurements were obtained when collecting 1200–1500 images. Conventional impression techniques were shown to perform significantly worse than digital impression.

In today's environment, where consumers have a wide range of information available to them, it is important for companies to use more effective and flexible approaches to the market. Modern information technology helps the marketer to be closer to the buyer than in the past and to understand the customer's needs and desires well. In addition, marketers need to have a good understanding of the capabilities and benefits of different marketing communication tools and media channels. In today's competitive environment, it is becoming increasingly important for companies to use incentives that are better suited to today's targeted strategies. Effective marketing communications play an important role in a company's success in the marketplace. It is important in creating an impression of the company and its brands. Events help companies to achieve this goal. The purpose of this paper is to summarise and present the main benefits that companies can achieve through the intelligent use of events. Events are used by many companies to impress other people. And companies can gain their favour by making a great impression on the public. Thus, event marketing influences consumer attitudes towards different brands, consumer behaviour and stimulates purchases. An important question is when and how special events will be implemented. Their proper planning, organisation and execution will bring the company high recognition and economic benefits. Methodology. Secondary data was used in the course of writing this article. Modern scientific works of scientists and researchers were studied, and information was searched for using Internet sources. The paper examines modern forms of event marketing, individual approaches to work in this area and aspects of its development. Research results. Based on various reliable sources of information, a clear picture of the current situation in Georgia in this area was created. It has been found that companies do not use measures with the frequency that would bring them high results. They use only certain approaches. The paper examines the conceptual aspects of event marketing, analyses the definitions and opinions of various scientists and specialists in this area. Practical implications. The article discusses the risks and problems associated with the implementation of events, and presents a number of conclusions and recommendations to improve the efficiency of the use of events.

People often form immediate expectations about other people, or groups of people, based on visual appearance and characteristics of their voice and speech. These stereotypes, often inaccurate or overgeneralized, may translate to robots that carry human-like qualities. This study aims to explore if nationality-based preconceptions regarding appearance and accents can be found in people’s perception of a virtual and a physical social robot. In an online survey with 80 subjects evaluating different first-language-influenced accents of English and nationality-influenced human-like faces for a virtual robot, we find that accents, in particular, lead to preconceptions on perceived competence and likeability that correspond to previous findings in social science research. In a physical interaction study with 74 participants, we then studied if the perception of competence and likeability is similar after interacting with a robot portraying one of four different nationality representations from the online survey. We find that preconceptions on national stereotypes that appeared in the online survey vanish or are overshadowed by factors related to general interaction quality. We do, however, find some effects of the robot’s stereotypical alignment with the subject group, with Swedish subjects (the majority group in this study) rating the Swedish-accented robot as less competent than the international group, but, on the other hand, recalling more facts from the Swedish robot’s presentation than the international group does. In an extension in which the physical robot was replaced by a virtual robot interacting in the same scenario online, we further found the same results that preconceptions are of less importance after actual interactions, hence demonstrating that the differences in the ratings of the robot between the online survey and the interaction is not due to the interaction medium. We hence conclude that attitudes towards stereotypical national representations in HRI have a weak effect, at least for the user group included in this study (primarily educated young students in an international setting).

This study aims to investigate the effect of impression management on employee contextual performance in service organizations using quantitative methods. The social influence theory, which explains the role of superior influence over the subordinate, served as the theoretical underpinning for the study. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in line with positivism research philosophy. The accessible population of this study consists of one hundred selected service-oriented firms (four-star hotels, fast food restaurants, and travel agencies) operating in the southern part of Nigeria. The sample consists of middle managers, human resource managers, front desk officers, housekeepers, and customer relationship managers. Frequency distribution was used to analyze participants’ profiles, while linear regression was employed to analyze the formulated hypotheses. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 served as statistical software. Linear regression results suggest that self-promotion exerted a significant positive effect on co-worker support. Ingratiation demonstrated a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. It appears that exemplification exerted a significant positive effect on enterprise compliance. The outcome of this study has demonstrated that traditional managerial skills can no longer hold water in contemporary service-oriented organizations because of the workplace's dynamic and changing technological structure. This study concludes that impression management can assist managers in influencing their employees positively to achieve organizational objectives. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-05 Full Text: PDF

Introduction: An implant-supported prosthesis requires a precise imprint to provide a good fit. It has been suggested that for implant/abutment level impressions, both the indirect (closed tray) and direct (open tray) methods are effective in achieving a passively fitting prosthesis. Aim: With an open plate embed level impression technique, this in vitro investigation set out to evaluate three different elastomeric imprint materials for their relative rigidity and precision. Materials and Methods: Sixty bespoke trays were created. Part I (rotational opposition assessment) of the investigation included selecting 30 uniquely shaped plates at random and using them to create embed-level open plate engraves. The second part of this investigation (evaluation of rotational discrepancy and vertical inconsistency) used open plate embed level impressions generated with the remaining thirty individualized plates to evaluate how well these materials recreated the patient's impressions. Result: Within the bounds of the current investigation, vinylpolysiloxane had the highest degree of stiffness among the impression materials examined in comparison to polyether and vinylsiloxanether, as seen by its much greater rotational resistance to torquing. A rotational discrepancy was shown to be much lower in polyether open tray implant level impressions compared to vinylpolysiloxane and comparable to vinylsiloxane. Conclusion: In this investigation, the firmest impression medium was vinylpolysiloxane, followed by polyether and vinylsiloxanether for taking imprints of implants. Polyether material, however, was more precise than vinylpolysiloxane and vinylsiloxanether.

The article is devoted to the problems of representation of urban myth-making in social networks. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the representation of urban myth-making in social networks on the example of myth-making activity in the cities of the Volga region. As part of the research, materials published in groups of the VKontakte social network over the past 10 years were studied. In the article, urban myth-making is understood as the process of creating legends reflecting the historical and cultural peculiarity of a particular city. As a result of this research, common characteristic features and distinctive qualities of the myth-making of the cities of the Volga region were identified, directly related to their history, the contingent of the population and the type of its activity. When analyzing the material of the social network, it was revealed that the development of urban myth-making bears the imprint of the peculiarities of the perception of historical events, urban objects, and specific personalities by the population, which are reflected in the images of local legends created. The article is addressed to researchers of the humanitarian field of myth-making activity, as well as to a wide audience of readers interested in this topic.

Abstract Background Advertising alcoholic drinks and food high in fat, sugar, and salt (HFSS) is a driver of alcohol use and HFSS consumption, among children and young people. Whilst advertising legislation and broadcasting regulation protect children from alcohol and HFSS imagery, the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which attracted a global audience, was sponsored and partnered by alcohol and HFSS brands. This study investigated the exposure of viewers to HFSS and alcohol imagery in a selection of group matches, and the final match, of the FIFA 2018 World Cup. Methods The frequency and duration of appearances (to the nearest second) of branding from two sponsors (McDonald’s and Budweiser), one official partner (Coca-Cola) and the official sports drink (Powerade) were recorded during all active play in live coverage of a sample of 13 matches (Six in Group A, which included the host nation, Russia, which has stringent alcohol promotion regulations in place; six in Group G, which featured England; and the final) broadcast in the UK. We used census and viewing data to calculate gross and per capita impressions generated by this imagery in the UK population. Results The 13 matches included 1262 min of active play and a total of 1806 appearances of alcohol and HFSS food advertisements, delivering approximately 7.5 billion branded HFSS impressions, including 759 million to children (age

Modern trends in the tourism and hospitality industry, influenced by the pandemic and increasing competition, are actualizing the need to find new innovative approaches to managing the development of hotel enterprises to increase the social and emotional value of hotel services for consumers. The ability of the hospitality business to make the desired impression on the consumer will determine its competitive position and success in the market. Insufficient coverage of fundamentally important issues related to the study of the essence of the concept of impression economics, insufficient theoretical consideration of the theoretical and methodological aspects of the concept of impression economics in the management of the development of hospitality enterprises confirm the relevance and purpose of this study. The work examined the essence of the concept, the main ideas, and trends of recent years in the field of the formation of the impression economy; an attempt was made to use the terminology and tools of the impression economy in relation to the hotel product.

Disinfection of alginate impressions used in dental prosthetics is a very problematic procedure, during which the dimensions of the obtained model can change, and it can be easily mechanically damaged. Therefore, it would be beneficial to create a material with bacteriostatic properties for this application. In this work, we investigated alginate materials with the addition of 0.25–1.0 wt% of zirconium phosphate-based ion exchange resin containing silver and compared them with commercial alginate impression products. The obtained materials passed the normative requirements of ISO 21563:2021 (setting time, elastic recovery, strain in compression, compatibility with gypsum, detail reproduction, tearing strength, and linear dimensional change) as well as bacteriostatic properties in relation to Streptococcus mutans. The newly developed alginate materials met all the properties required by the standards. Their setting time was comparable to the commercial materials, and their 24 h contraction did not exceed 1.3%. Furthermore, the tearing strength was 0.42–0.48 MPa, less than that of the comparative commercial materials (0.52–0.56 MPa). From the point of view of clinical practice, it will be possible to create an alginate material with bacteriostatic properties that will prevent the transmission of cross-infections.

Product graphics interchange formats (GIFs) employ this format to show the features of the product and make up for the lack of physical experience online. These GIFs have been widely applied in domains such as e-shopping and social media, aiming to interest and impress viewers. Contrary to this wide application, most designers in this domain lack expertise and produce GIFs of varied quality. Moreover, the knowledge of techniques to enhance viewers’ engagement with product GIFs is also lacking. To bridge the gap, we conducted a series of studies. First, we collected and summarized seven design factors referring to existing literature and semi-structured interviews. Then, the impacts of these design factors were revealed through an online study with 106 product GIFs among 307 participants. The results showed that visual-related factors such as color contrast and moving intensity mainly impact viewers’ interest, while content-related factors such as scenario and style matching impact viewers’ impressions. The simplicity of GIFs also impressed viewers with a quick viewing mode. Finally, we conducted a workshop and verified that these results support large-scale production of product GIFs. Our studies might support the codesign methods of product GIFs and enhance their quality in design practice.

A digital technique for designing and fabricating an individual tooth tray used for taking subgingival impression of complete crown preparation was described. The digital model of required dentition region was obtained before performing crown preparation. An individual tooth tray with retention attachments was designed and printed with plastic material. After conducting crown preparation, the individual tooth tray loaded with the final impression material was placed onto the abutment to deliver the impression material subgingivally. A final overall impression was made with full arch stock tray to pick up the individual tooth tray with the accurate impression of abutment.

Recently, many studies have indicated that humans make social evaluations from facial appearances instantaneously and automatically. Furthermore, such judgments play an important role in several social contexts. However, the mechanisms involved in the ability to form impressions from faces are still unknown, as is the extent to which these can be regarded as universal in perceiving impressions. In the current study, computer-generated Caucasian faces were used to assess the universality or cultural differences in impression formation among Japanese children and adults. This study hypothesized that impressions of trustworthiness and dominance may be more fundamental and universal, whereas the impression of competence may be more complex and culture-dependent. In Experiment 1a, 42 children aged 3–6 years were presented with 10 pairs of face images and asked which image in each pair was more trustworthy, dominant, or competent. Overall, it was found that as age increased, the rate of agreement of Japanese participants with the judgment of American participants, obtained in a previous study, increased. However, the agreement rate for competence was relatively low. Experiment 1b, conducted with 46 children, was a replication of Experiment 1a, and the results showed the same tendency. In Experiment 2, 45 Japanese adults made impression judgments on 19 pairs of face images identical to those used in Experiment 1b. The results suggested that while dominance was a dimension not easily influenced by developmental changes or culture, trustworthiness could be influenced by cultural differences in facial expression recognition. Therefore, different judgment criteria are used for children and adults. For competence, the agreement rate with Americans was relatively stable and low among the different age groups. This suggests that depending on the dimension of the trait, certain judgments are influenced by cultural context and, therefore, change criteria, while others are based on more universal criteria.

It is well known that the personality traits and power associated with peoples’ impressions are represented in the memory system. However, there is scant evidence that these two types of personal information have an interaction effect on face impression, and in which processing stage it happens. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the temporal processing of personality traits and power in the retrieval of face impressions. We recorded event-related potentials when participants recognized faces. Compared to the low-power condition a clear positive-going ERP response for the high-power condition was found in the faces with positive traits, but the pattern reversed in the faces with negative traits in the time windows of 100–200 ms (N170), 250–350 ms (EPN), and 350–450 ms (N400). These findings illustrate for the first time the effect of personality traits in the encoding and recognition of personal faces could be moderated by power, directly suggesting negative traits for the powerless while positive traits for the powerful.

Introduction: Taking an impression of the oral cavity, which accurately recreates the prosthetic field, the surrounding hard dental and soft tissues, is one of the main and most important stages in the process of making any fixed prosthetic restoration. In modern prosthetic dentistry, impressions taken with the help of polyether and vinyl polysiloxane impression materials are common. Digital impressions eliminate some of the steps of conventional impression techniques and save clinical time. Aim: The aim of this article is to compare the clinical time in digital and conventional impression techniques from a whole dental arch using a controlled clinical trial. Material and methods: The present study includes 36 patients from Varna who need prosthetic treatment with fixed 3-unit bridge construction. For all participants, the conventional impression technique was performed first and one week later - the digital one. All clinical manipulations related to the implementation of the two impression techniques were performed according to the instructions of the manufacturing companies by the same specialist dentist. Results: In all participants, the time required to perform the digital impression technique is significantly less than that of the conventional impression technique. Conclusion: The digital impression technique has proven to be more efficient in terms of clinical time required for its implementation than the conventional impression technique.

The design of the light environment plays a critical role in the interaction between people and visual objects in space. Adjusting the space’s light environment to regulate emotional experience is more practical for the observers under lighting conditions. Although lighting plays a vital role in spatial design, the effects of colored lights on individuals’ emotional experiences are still unclear. This study combined physiological signal (galvanic skin response (GSR) and electrocardiography (ECG)) measurements and subjective assessments to detect the changes in the mood states of observers under four sets of lighting conditions (green, blue, red, and yellow). At the same time, two sets of abstract and realistic images were designed to discuss the relationship between light and visual objects and their influence on individuals’ impressions. The results showed that different light colors significantly affected mood, with red light having the most substantial emotional arousal, then blue and green. In addition, GSR and ECG measurements were significantly correlated with impressions evaluation results of interest, comprehension, imagination, and feelings in subjective evaluation. Therefore, this study explores the feasibility of combining the measurement of GSR and ECG signals with subjective evaluations as an experimental method of light, mood, and impressions, which provided empirical evidence for regulating individuals’ emotional experiences.

Background: Recording accurate impressions from maxillary defects is a critical and challenging stage in the prosthetic rehabilitation of patients following maxillectomy surgery. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize conventional and 3D-printed laboratory models of maxillary defects and to compare conventional and digital impression techniques using these models. Methods: Six different types of maxillary defect models were fabricated. A central palatal defect model was used to compare conventional silicon impressions with digital intra-oral scanning in terms of dimensional accuracy and total time taken to record the defect and produce a laboratory analogue. Results: Digital workflow produced different results than the conventional technique in terms of defect size measurements which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The time taken to record the arch and the defect using an intra-oral scanner was significantly less compared with the traditional impression method. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two techniques in terms of the total time taken to fabricate a maxillary central defect model (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The laboratory models of different maxillary defects developed in this study have the potential to be used to compare conventional and digital workflow in prosthetic treatment procedures.

Many studies demonstrate that people form their first impression of a stranger based on facial appearance, and these impressions influence their subsequent decisions and behaviors. However, much less research has examined the factors that moderate the accuracy of first impressions based on a photo of face. The present study included three experiments to explore gender differences in the accuracy of impressions based on faces. The results showed that people judge facial attractiveness more accurately for female faces than for male faces while giving more accurate wealth judgments for male faces than for female faces. Interestingly, although we did not find a significant correlation between confidence ratings and the accuracy of wealth rating, we recognized a significant moderate correlation between confidence ratings and the accuracy of attractiveness ratings when female participants rated male faces. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to reveal gender biases in the accuracy of impression judgments based on facial appearance. These findings imply a significant influence of traditional gender roles on accurate facial judgments.

The purposes of this study were to describe: (1) the form of indirect non-literal speech acts during learning at MTs Surya Buana Malang, (2) the function of indirect non-literal speech acts during learning at MTs Surya Buana Malang, and (3) the impressions of indirect non-literal speech acts to the social sensitivity of students at MTs Surya Buana Malang. The type of this study was qualitative with a descriptive technique. The sources of data covered the teachers and students of MTs Surya Buana Malang with the data in the form of words or utterances. The data were collected by means of recording, observing, and taking notes. Data processing techniques included: 1)making conversation transcripts and 2) describing the findings in the form of forms, functions, and impressions made by speech acts on social sensitivity during learning. Data analysis used pragmatic matching methods. The results of the study showed that there were four forms of indirect non-literal speech acts during learning with the functions of ordering, prohibiting, and requesting. Impressions or effects arising from indirect non-literal speech acts extended to being able to build students 'social sensitivity and to provide stimuli for students' social sensitivity so that they were more responsive to heed the teacher's speech

Jiamin Li,1,2 Zhenchao Zhong,1,2 Lei Mo1,2 1Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lei MoSchool of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail molei@m.scnu.edu.cnBackground: Recently, a study revealed that people liked others significantly more than they estimated that others liked them. Thus, the study found that people tended to underestimate how much others liked them, a phenomenon the authors called the Liking Gap. However, the logic and testing of the study existed unclear nature. In order to show whether people underestimate the positivity of impression they left on others, we directly compare the estimate of the impression we left on others with others’ actual impression of us, which make the logic clear. Besides, we explored the new findings with regard to the mechanism of the effect.Methods: Based on this idea, in study 1, we explored whether there is indeed a negative deviation effect in the estimate of the impression people left on others in short interpersonal communication. In study 2, we investigated the potential psychological mechanisms of that effect.Results: In Study 1, the results revealed that people estimated that others liked them significantly less than others actually liked them. That is, a negative deviation effect did occur, and even if people were clear about their liking for others, the effect still existed. In Study 2, we provided evidence that a negative deviation effect existed not just because people are too focused on their own-negative thoughts in conversational performance but rather because people had a psychological defense towards others in their first communication.Conclusion: People significantly underestimate how much they are liked and its reason is that their psychological defense towards others in their initial communication. The results of the study are beneficial for people in social interaction and provide them with new ways of thinking in interpersonal communication and mutual contact.Keywords: impression, negative deviation, negative thoughts, psychological defense

Since the digital impression technique has already been widely used in dental therapy, it has grown into a popular option among implant practitioners. The advantages of the digital impression technique are as follows: better experience for patients during the treatment; less chair-side time consumption; and reliability in making the precise impression. Thus, we reviewed the relevant factors that impact the precision of the digital impression technique and introduced its influence mechanism through an evidence-based method that was based on analyzing in vitro and in vivo literature published within the previous 5 years, with a focus on such considerations as relevant factors to dentists, digital impression systems, patients, and the environment. A review of the literature showed that the main factors that have a large influence on impression precision are imaging techniques and the software for the impression system. However, due to the development of impression systems that are restricted at scientific and technological levels, impression precision is affected by multiple factors, such as scanning techniques, dentist operation proficiency, material and contours of scanbodies, patient conditions, and ambient light. Dentists are advised to scientifically choose the impression system, limit ambient light and adopt direct techniques that could enhance impression precision. In the future, the development of impression systems could reduce the systematic errors, decrease the operating complexity of dentists, and improve impression precision.

Abstract Background Medication is an important approach of treatment for patients with schizophrenia; however, the availability of visiting nurses and other human-related support is limited. This study aims to build a system in which service robots support the treatment of individuals with schizophrenia with medication at home. Moreover, medical staff can seamlessly monitor the status of their patients through the robots using this system. In this study, to develop a support system, interactions between a communication robot and patients were surveyed, with a focus on the patients’ impression of the robot and actual utterance times. Methods Communication between a commercially available communication robot and schizophrenic patients was investigated, particularly the participants’ feelings about the robot. In addition, the utterance data between the participants and the robot were extracted and the durations of the conversations were assessed. Results The examined interaction mode of a robot (talkative or not talkative) and whether the participant spoke or not (spoke or did not speak) revealed no significant association in all adjectives. A co-occurrence network graph showed differences in the participants’ impressions of the robot depending on how talkative the robot was. That is, when the robot did not initiate conversation often, the patient was more likely to initiate interactions and use longer phrases than when the robot initiated conversation frequently. Conversations also lasted longer when the participant, not the robot, initiated conversation. Conclusions People with schizophrenia converse with a robot regardless of whether the robot is talkative or not. Since the content of the conversation was not analyzed qualitatively, it is necessary to carefully examine whether people with schizophrenia can develop partnerships with robots.

Online experimental methods are used in psychological studies investigating the perceptions and impressions of facial photographs, even without substantial evidence supporting their reliability and validity. Although, the quality of visual stimuli is more difficult to control remotely, the methods might allow us to obtain a large amount of data. Then the statistical analysis of a larger volume of data may reduce errors and suggest significant difference in the stimuli. Therefore, we analyzed the reliability and validity of online surveys in investigating the perceptions (shine, red, and dark) and impressions (attractiveness, trustworthy, and so on) of facial photographs created from averaged faces with skin tones modified using computer graphics (CG). In this study, we conducted online (Online1) and laboratory experiments with well-controlled conditions (Control). For each experiment, 50 participants (men and women in Japan, age: 20–59years) completed the same questionnaire regarding their impressions of the same 28 CG facial photographs. The results showed significant correlations between the two experiments for all 19 items in the questionnaire. SD in the Online1 compared to the Control from the stimuli and individual differences were 56–84 and 88–104% in each questionnaire items, respectively. Moreover, the rates of mismatching perceptual evaluations to the corresponding physical features demonstrated in the photographs were 4.9–9.7% on average in an additional online survey of another 2,000 participants (Online2). These results suggest that online surveys can be applied to experiments to investigate impressions from CG facial photographs instead of general laboratory experiment by obtaining an appropriate number of participants to offset larger statistical errors that may result from the increased noise in the data from conducting the experiment online.

Introduction: The conventional impression procedure plays a major role in prosthodontics inspite of advancement in intraoral scanning devices and 3D imaging procedures. Dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction are important for recording an impression. Aim: The study evaluated and compared the dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction of Polyvinyl Siloxane (PVS) and vinyl siloxane ether impression materials when used under dry and moist conditions. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India, for a period of two years from October 2018 to September 2020. A total of 60 impressions were made with PVS (Group A) and vinyl siloxane ether (Group B) under dry (A1, B1) and moist (A2, B2) conditions of stainless steel dies which had lines engraved on superior surface of the die. Using a Harloc’s Tool maker’s microscope, dimensional accuracy was measured by comparing the width of line Y in each impression. Surface detail reproduction was evaluated by American Dental Association (ADA) specification no. 19 where it stated continuous replication of at least any two lines out of the three lines inscribed on the die. Data analysis processing was performed in the SYSTAT version 12 (made by Crane’s software, Bangalore). Student’s unpaired t-test and Chi-square test were performed to determine statistical difference between PVS and vinyl siloxane ether where the level of significance was set at 5% and 1%. Results: The mean dimensional change and SD values for PVS under dry condition ranged from 21.93±2.46 to 22.40±2.89 (in mm). The mean dimensional change and SD values for PVS under moist condition ranged from 22.87±3.20 to 23.33±3.42. The mean dimensional change and SD values for vinyl siloxane ether under dry condition ranged from 21.93±3.61 to 24.73±5.20. The mean dimensional change and SD values for vinyl siloxane ether under moist condition ranged from 21.93±4.48 to 22.87±4.15. No statistical difference was found under dry and moist conditions within 2 hours and after 24 hours for both the materials. Conclusion: The study revealed no significant difference between dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction for PVS and vinyl siloxane ether. Both the materials can reproduce the details under dry and moist conditions satisfactorily and remained dimensionally stable till 24 hours after impression making.

Aim: Displacement of gingiva is essential for obtaining accurate impressions for the fabrication of fixed prostheses, particularly when the finish line is at or within the gingival sulcus. Various newer impression materials have been introduced to achieve gingival displacement while recording the impressions. A comparative evaluation of these new gingival displacement materials was deemed necessary for efficacy in tissue management and dimensional accuracy. Materials and Methods: Ten individuals were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for gingival displacement using retraction cord impregnated with aluminum chloride and two polyvinyl siloxane impression materials (Aquasil and NoCord VPS impression system) according to Latin block design. Intraoral scanner and Vernier caliper were used to study and compare the dimensional accuracy of each die obtained following which the dies were sectioned and evaluated under optical microscope with image analyzer to measure the amount of gingival retraction. Results and Conclusion: Statistical analysis showed that the amount of gingival retraction obtained by using retraction cord impregnated with aluminum chloride as gingival retraction agent was maximum as compared to NoCord followed by Aquasil. All three gingival displacement techniques could produce gingival displacement >0.2 mm which is the optimum amount of retraction required for impression making. All the three materials are found to be dimensionally accurate.

Introduction: Impression technique plays a pivotal role in fixed prosthodontic treatments; one of the main steps of impression is selection and preparation of an appropriate tray. Impression technique with insufficient accuracy causes distortions and complications that consequently result in treatment failure. The present study compares the impression accuracy of special and prefabricated trays in a laboratory model. This article compares the accuracy of special and prefabricated impression trays for achieving better impression and finally better crowns with good adaptation. Materials and Methods: In this study, a laboratory-fabricated resin model, resembling a mandibular first molar, was used on a dental arch and prepared by standard method for full crown restorations with a finish line of 1-mm depth and 3° to 4° convergence angle. Impression was made from a laboratory-fabricated resin model, 40 times with monophase medium-body polyvinyl siloxane in special trays and 40 times with putty and light-body polyvinyl siloxane using double-mix impression technique without spacer in prefabricated trays. To measure marginal gap, distance between the restoration margin and preparation finish line was vertically determined on each die in the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual regions. Statistical analysis was performed and data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using independent samples t-test. The data were significantly different at P < 0.05.Results: The mean value of special tray impression (72.72) was lower than that of prefabricated tray impression (91.27). No significant difference was observed between two techniques in the mesial and buccal regions (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was reported between the techniques in the lingual and distal regions.Conclusion: The present study indicated a higher accuracy for the special tray impression than prefabricated tray impression.

Abstract Background In the production of ankle‐foot orthoses and in‐shoe foot orthoses, lower leg morphology is traditionally captured using a plaster cast or foam impression box. Plaster‐based processes are a time‐consuming and labour‐intensive fabrication method. 3D scanning is a promising alternative, however how these new technologies compare with traditional methods is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the speed, accuracy and reliability of 3D scanning with traditional methods of capturing foot and ankle morphology for fabricating orthoses. Methods PRISMA guidelines were followed and electronic databases were searched to March 2020 using keywords related to 3D scanning technologies and traditional foot and ankle morphology capture methods. Studies of any design from healthy or clinical populations of any age and gender were eligible for inclusion. Studies must have compared 3D scanning to another form of capturing morphology of the foot and/or ankle. Data relating to speed, accuracy and reliability as well as study design, 3D scanner specifications and comparative capture techniques were extracted by two authors (M.F. and Z.W.). Study quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) and Consensus‐Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). Results Six articles met the inclusion criteria, whereby 3D scanning was compared to five traditional methods (plaster cast, foam impression box, ink footprint, digital footprint and clinical assessment). The quality of study outcomes was rated low to moderate (GRADE) and doubtful to adequate (COSMIN). Compared to traditional methods, 3D scanning appeared to be faster than casting (2 to 11 min vs 11 to 16 min). Inter‐rater reliability (ICC 0.18–0.99) and intra‐rater reliability (ICCs 0.25–0.99) were highly variable for both 3D scanning and traditional techniques, with higher agreement generally dependent on the foot parameter measured. Conclusions The quality and quantity of literature comparing the speed, accuracy and reliability of 3D scanning with traditional methods of capturing foot and ankle morphology is low. 3D scanning appears to be faster especially for experienced users, however accuracy and reliability between methods is variable.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of master casts generated by conventional (putty and light body consistencies polyvinyl siloxane and alginate) and digital impression techniques on a typodont master model with full-arch-prepared abutment teeth. The null hypotheses tested were as follows: (1) no statistically significant differences in accuracy between casts made by the two impression modalities and the typodont master model at each of the four locations (horizontal straight, horizontal curved, horizontal cross arch, and vertical), and (2) no statistically significant differences in dimensions measured at each of the four locations between the casts generated using the conventional and digital impression techniques. For the conventional technique, 10 impressions each were made for the typodont model using polyvinyl siloxane and alginate impression materials, and the casts were poured. For the digital technique, the typodont model was scanned 10 times using a TRIOS-3 3Shape intraoral scanner, and the casts were printed. The measurements for the horizontal (anteroposterior and cross arch) and vertical dimensions were made using a stereomicroscope and the accuracy of fabricated casts was expressed as the percentage of deviation from the typodont master model’s values. A one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05) were used to analyze the data. In the current study, the only measurement that did not exceed 0.5% in dimensional change was with the stone casts produced by both the 3M ESPE PVS and Kromopan alginate impression materials at the HAPC dimension. The casts generated by impressions made using the 3M ESPE PVS impression material were the most accurate, whereas the casts generated by making digital impressions using the TRIOS-3 3Shape intraoral scanner were the least accurate among the three tested groups. The greatest number of distortions above 0.5% (at all dimensional locations) was produced by the digital models printed using the ASIGA 3D printer.

The accurancy of digital models and digital impressions influence the clinical restorations. The aim of this study is to compare digital impression and the analog one, using time as the variable. Materials used for the classic stage were: acrylic cast resin, impression tray, impression material (EliteHD), extruded gypsum (Elite), vacuum mixer, and vibrating table. For digital impression there were used: acrylic cast resin, gypsum cast, scanning system Identica Blue, analysis software for virtual casts. The applied method consisted on using a cast of upper jaw, made of acrylic resin, on which were prepared type II cavities. After scanning this cast, it was obtained a virtual cast which was considered a refference as time x. Using the acrylic cast resin, there were taken impressions with addition silicon on tray, one stage, four different times. After that it was made the gypsum casts which will be scanned and turned into virtual as a STL file. The four STL files, after the four gypsum casts, and the refference cast at time x, were compared on sagitall and transverse planes, by making measurements on the preparation sites. Dimensions obtained after digital measurements vary during the selected period of time on both planes in order of tens of microns. Classic impression with addition silicon might be used as another way to have an impression than the digital one, regarding the dimensional stability and precission in detail reproduction.

The phenomenon of sexuality is the cornerstone of being of a person, which by nature manifests itself socially. At the same time, currently sexuality is a stumbling block and a Sisyphean stone to "push" throughout human existence. The afore-mentioned place and role of sexuality in human being are directly related to the peculiarities of the outlook of a civilized man and modern culture in general. In other words, the peculiarity of the worldview and the arrangement of the cultural space of a civilized man is largely a cause of transformation of sexuality, as an attribute of human existence, into a dominant source of internal stress, mental disorders, various deviations, and ontological confusion and alienation in general. As a result, an impartial understanding of nature of the phenomenon of sexuality and its functional essence in human existence definitely facilitates its emancipation, especially in the context of upbringing of the younger generation. An appeal to critical thinking contributes for critical elimination of the bias, which, among other aspects, establishes a fact that the cognitive abilities of a person are limited. The latter means that everything what is widely recognized is, in fact, only a generally accepted paradigm, including the alleged scientifically substantiated interpretation of the manifestations of sexuality associated with the sexual sphere of norms and rules, as well as basic ideological settings, and by no means a combination of truths. An integral and adequate representation of the phenomenon of sexuality can be formed on the basis of the analysis of relevant informational achievements in the field of science and philosophy, philosophical art, esoteric experience, etc. Therefore, firstly, the article is aimed at comprehension of key stereotypes and dogmas, which are widespread in both public and scientific or expert opinions. Secondly, the article thoroughly discloses a number of features and attributes of the phenomenon of sexuality, taking into account the experience acquired through the mediation of the world mythology and esoteric experience in the form of the so-called philosophical art. Thirdly, the situational analysis of a person is contextualized through one’s sexual nature. Consequently, the article focuses on issues of sexual education and ‘enlightenment’ of a person depending on a variety of age and social positions, as well as the community as a whole. The introduction of the relevant research activity of the author of the article has been instigated by the obvious lack of scientific substantive studies on the nature of the phenomenon of sexuality and its functional aspect on the territory of Ukraine. At the same time, the Ukrainian community needs significant educational influence on issues of self-realization of citizens, in particular in the sexual and private spheres.

Adolescence is the most important stage of human development. The purpose of the study is to investigate in detail the features of structural arrangement of the experience of family relations in adolescents within the child-parent subsystem. The research is based on the data of the questionnaires about experiencing family relations. It has been found that the more the relations with parents are realized and understood, especially regarding the awareness of their dialectics and details, the greater developing potential with a beneficial effect on the development of the adolescent psyche have family relations. These impressions are freely and easily absorbed by adolescents, built into their view of the world, and act as a resource in interaction with other significant spheres of living. The experience of family relations can change the work of visual and auditory analyzers. These changes are central, psychogenic. In addition, family relations can influence the work of the respiratory system in adolescents. The constructiveness of the process of their experiencing family relations reflects the richness, acceleration of internal time, as well as the high interest in their experiencing and the strength of experience, pleasant bodily sensations in analyzing family relations, high level of imagery and associativity in describing them, and strong emotional reactions. The theoretical significance of the study is determined by the contribution of its results to general psychology (development of the basic category of experience), developmental psychology of the adolescence crisis, and family psychology. The obtained results can be applied in the practice of psychological counseling for adolescents, paying attention to the dialectics in relations with parents, comprehension of details, and recreating the brightness of the impression on family relations in an adolescent.

Accurate impression-making is considered a vital step in the fabrication of fixed dental prostheses. There is a paucity of studies that compare the casts generated by various impression materials and techniques that are commonly used for the fabrication of provisional and definitive fixed prostheses. The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy of casts obtained using conventional impression and digital impression techniques. Thirty impressions were made for the typodont model (10 impressions each of polyvinyl siloxane, alginate, and alginate alternative materials). Ten digital models were printed from the same model using a TRIOS-3 3Shape intraoral scanner. Accuracy was assessed by measuring four dimensions (horizontal anteroposterior straight, horizontal anteroposterior curved, horizontal cross-arch, and vertical). A one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05) were used to analyze data. A statistically significant difference in the four dimensions of the stone casts and digital models was observed among the four groups (exception: between alginate alternative and 2-step putty–light body impression in the horizontal anteroposterior straight, horizontal anteroposterior curved, and horizontal cross-arch dimensions; between alginate and alginate alternative in the horizontal anteroposterior curved dimension; between alginate and 2-step putty–light body impression in the horizontal anteroposterior curved dimension; and between alginate alternative and digital in the vertical dimension). Polyvinyl siloxane had the highest accuracy compared to casts obtained from other impression materials and digital impressions.

The present study investigated the pre-impressions of medical staff toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in a designated medical institution for class II infectious diseases in Sakaide, Japan using a text mining analysis. A total of 387 medical staff were surveyed on their pre-vaccination impressions toward the COVID-19 vaccine using an open-ended questionnaire from March 1st to 7th (the first survey) and from March 22nd to 28th (the second survey) at Sakaide City Hospital, Sakaide, Japan. A total of 296 people answered the question for the first time and 234 people answered for the second time among the 387 people. The vaccination rate was slightly lower for the younger generation than for the older generation. Before the first vaccination, the younger generation expressed concerns about side effects as well as a negative impact on pregnancy. However, before the second vaccination, there were fewer concerns regarding side effects and words of reassurance were also noted. Nurses expressed more opinions about side effects in both the first and second vaccinations than other medical staff. Concerns regarding side effects among medical staff decreased with the progression of COVID-19 vaccination. These data may provide useful information about the promotion of COVID-19 vaccination to the public, particularly in the young generation and women.

In the case of old mobile denture wearers, one of the main problems is related to the dentures’ retention and insufficient stability. Our goal was to improve support and stability using a different type of final impression, with different types of impression materials. In this study we chose a number of three complete edentulous patients who presented for complete oral rehabilitation. They were wearing full acrylic dentures with poor support and stability. Complete examination revealed the presence of the flabby ridge. The impression methods for the prosthetic fields with a flabby ridge differ from the classical method by using techniques that involve the use of at least two impression materials with fluid consistency to record all the details of the prosthetic fields in the final impression, this being done in two steps; the impression of the flabby ridge areas must be done without pressure, in its resting position. The impression methods we applied led to the expected results, and the dentures succeeded in offering the patient the desired functional comfort. Using fluid impression material for the flabby ridge in a resting position, and a fenestrated custom tray, offered a good quality in adaptation, maintenance and stability of the final dentures.

In this article, the author wants to theorise the dialectical images of London as signs, by using an Impressionist way of reading the visual and the verbal representations. Through reading three poems of London: William Wordsworth’s ‘Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802’, Oscar Wilde’s ‘Impression du Matin’, and Carol Ann Duffy’s ‘Woman Seated in the Underground, 1941’, the author intends to show an awareness of the Impressionist narrative technique in terms of the spatial representations of the city. The impressions – in both visual and verbal terms, come to show the way in which London is a gendered space, synthesising masculine and feminine metaphors into a sequence of unique narrations. Each moment represents a personal, a specific, and a dramatic London, which is depicted in colours, shapes, lines and emotions.

Abstract Background The microscopic examination of fired cartridge cases and fired bullets helps the expert to determine if a suspect firearm/firearms were, or were not, discharged in a shooting incident. This is achieved by using a combination of class and individual characteristics. But in case of malfunctioning of firearm, experts have to adopt different methods to link fired cartridge cases and fired bullets with the suspected firearm. Case presentation In this paper, a new method for the reproduction of the firing pin and breech face impression on two different surfaces are reported. Two chosen surfaces are plasticine and lead metal. Conclusions The surface of the lead being soft and brittle reproduced the impression with maximum detail. Five match points were seen on the lead surface with clear demarcation whereas only three points of individual characteristics marks were observed on plasticine surface.

Molana Fakhredin Ali Safi, an author of the 10th century AH, has created many works including the valuable book “Lata’ef-o-Tava’ef”, which is a collection of satirical tales about different social groups and classes, decorated with Quranic verses, hadith from the Prophet Mohammad and the Imams, and Arabic proverbs. This study examined the 867 tales, stories, and proverbs of the book, and found the origin of 399 of them in Arabic sources; 222 cases were traced into Persian sources before them. “Lata’ef-o-Tava’ef” takes advantage of Arabic sources like “Rabi-ol-Abrar”, “Tazkereh Hamdouniyeh”, and “Mohazerat-ol-Odaba”. He uses different methods like zero-alteration, semi-alteration, tale sequence, and translation. He has also used Persian sources such as “Resaleh Delgosha”, “Javame-ol Hekayaat va Lavame-o Revayaat’, “Baharestan”,… .

Introduction: A dental impression is a negative imprint of an oral structure that can be used to produce a positive cast of a patient's teeth as a permanent record. The accuracy of the impression affects the accuracy of the cast, and a precise impression is needed in order to create prosthesis with optimal fitting. Minimization of misfit is an important aim in prosthesis science and dental implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the materials and techniques used to take an impression on the vertical misfit of implant-supported, screw-retained, three-unit bridges. Materials and Methods: The principal model used was an acrylic block with two ITI implants. A 1.5-mm abutment was attached to fixtures with torque of 25 N.cm. A base-metal framework was built on the abutment in the acrylic block. The abutments of the acrylic model were unscrewed and fixture-level impressions were made. The impression techniques included open/closed-tray techniques and the impression materials were polyether and polyvinyl siloxane. Forty acrylic custom trays were built for each impression. The marginal gap in the framework at three points (buccal, lingual, and distal) was measured using an optical microscope with ×250. Results: It is demonstrated that in all 360 evaluated samples, the mean vertical misfit in polyether samples of molar and premolar teeth was significantly lower than in polyvinyl siloxane (P < 0.001 and P = 0.017, respectively) in all three locations of the molar and lingual premolar examined (buccal, lingual, and distal), the mean vertical misfit of the polyether samples was significantly lower than those of polyvinyl siloxane (P < 0.01). On the other hand, although the mean vertical misfit using the open-tray technique in the molar teeth was significantly lower than with the closed-tray method (P = 0.002), no statistical difference was seen between the open-tray and closed-tray technique in general (P = 0.87). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: The impression method had no effect on marginal discrepancy of 3-unit screw retained fixed partial dentures. A higher marginal accuracy was obtained using polyether impression material compared to polyvinyl siloxane.

Background: If the impression thickness is uniform, stock trays can also give a better result when compared to custom trays. Purpose: This study aimed to obtain a uniform thickness impression with a modified putty-wash two-step technique. Materials and Methods: A chairside method of putty-wash two-step impression in a stock tray was made utilizing a wax spacer. Results: A uniform thickness impression was obtained in stock tray in quick time. Conclusion: The current article has given the options of using wax as spacer for making putty wash two step impressions for the fabrication of tooth-supported fixed restorations. Further research is required to find whether there is any dimensional inaccuracy caused in restorations due to usage of wax as a spacer.

Introduction. In a competitive environment, the image of a modern region is an instrument of “soft power”, capable of enhancing the effectiveness of the territory's development, provided it is associated with positive impressions. In this regard, analyzing perception of the symbolic component of a region's image by various target groups is of particular importance. The purpose of the study is to reveal the symbols, impressions, stereotypes most prevailing among the respondents that form the image of the Republic of Mordovia, which are the factors in developing the regional identity. Materials and Methods. The Republic of Mordovia was chosen for a case study: the region’s development is a vivid example of contradictoriness, the Republic being a leader in some indicators (it is among the safest regions of the country, it actively develops the innovative infrastructure, etc.) is a complete outsider in others (in the quality of life and average wages compared to other regions, etc.). Symbolic interactionism, emphasizing communication through symbols the meaning of which is set by the communicants, established the theoretical framework of the study. The method of focused interview provided the applied basis of the research. Discussions were held in 3 groups, formed according to the place of residence of the respondents: “foreigners”, “non-residents”, “residents”. Results. Unique data on the specific features of the perception of the image of the Republic of Mordovia, promoted by various agencies involved in image-making, have been obtained. The dependence of assessments and emotional attitudes to various symbols on the territorial affiliation of the recipients has been revealed. It has been noted that associations between a number of symbols (fox, octagonal rosette, red color, etc.) and Mordovia are unclear to non-residents, i. e., the mechanism of explanation, fixation and consolidation in the row of “region – symbol” is broken. Discussion and Conclusion. The authors have come to the conclusion that at present there are no images presenting unambiguously positive stable associations with the Republic of Mordovia, especially among “non-residents” and “foreigners”. The gap between the primary and secondary images is a rather worrying trend is, which can lead to dissonance, negative emotional response and negative assessments of the territory. The results of the study may be used to adjust the image-making policy of a region: to emphasize strengths and level weaknesses.

This research starts with the analysis of conspicuous consumption as a specific means to emphasize one’s social status. As far back as the end of the 19th century Thorstein Veblen developed a theory about a specific class who was characterized by nonproductive activities and specific surrounding - servants, clothing, which is not suitable for work, luxurious furniture. Since that idea was examined many times in various researches during the last century, it appears to be interesting to compare it with the concept of taste, which one cannot help appealing to while choosing anything, especially something that shows one’s status. The article draws attention to the peculiarities of taste development and its role in choosing possessions according to class preferences. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of the correspondence between possessions and their owner’s status as it guarantees to create a true impression about their social status. That idea has been marked out due to Jean Baudrillard’s researches which defined the dependence of home furniture upon income and belonging to a certain class. The question arises as to what role ‘pure’ taste plays in taste of a whole class. The taste typology by Pierre Bourdieu (the tastes of luxury and the tastes of necessity) enables to analyze the social aspect of taste, in particular the way the taste of a certain social group develops under pressure of existing social preferences and stereotypes as well as the way it impacts on the choice of purchases. The author concludes that a need may be considered a basis for both kinds of tastes. Whereas in the first case a need is an obvious component of taste development, in the second one it is more difficult to prove that a need to leave an impression on someone is as severe as a need to live.

Virtual reality (VR) through a head-mounted display (HMD) can provide new experiences. However, it remains unclear how the characteristics of HMDs affect users’ memory. To use HMDs more effectively and appropriately in several applied fields, including education, it is necessary to clarify what characteristics of HMDs affect users’ memory. A head-tracking function mounted on an HMD helps to detect the user’s head direction to enable a simulation experience akin to the real world. When we experience a simulation on an HMD, we actively perceive the visual world. In this study, we assessed how active/passive viewing affects users’ memory of VR content. We conducted a psychological experiment in which participants watched a movie on an HMD. In the active viewing condition, the presented view changed depending on the participant’s head direction. In the passive viewing condition, the presented view was a recorded movie that was shown to the participants in the active viewing condition. All participants took a memory test about the content presented in the movie on the day of viewing and 2 weeks later. The results showed that performance on the memory test in the active viewing condition was significantly lower than that in the passive viewing condition after 2 weeks. This result indicated that active viewing in VR inhibited users’ memory compared to passive viewing. The current study contributes to the development of new VR techniques, such as educational learning.