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Abstract Youth screen media activity is a growing concern, though few studies include objective usage data. Through the longitudinal, U.S.-based Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, youth (mage = 14; n = 1415) self-reported their typical smartphone use and passively recorded three weeks of smartphone use via the ABCD-specific Effortless Assessment Research System (EARS) application. Here we describe and validate passively-sensed smartphone keyboard and app use measures, provide code to harmonize measures across operating systems, and describe trends in adolescent smartphone use. Keyboard and app-use measures were reliable and positively correlated with one another (r = 0.33) and with self-reported use (rs = 0.21–0.35). Participants recorded a mean of 5 h of daily smartphone use, which is two more hours than they self-reported. Further, females logged more smartphone use than males. Smartphone use was recorded at all hours, peaking on average from 8 to 10 PM and lowest from 3 to 5 AM. Social media and texting apps comprised nearly half of all use. Data are openly available to approved investigators ( https://nda.nih.gov/abcd/ ). Information herein can inform use of the ABCD dataset to longitudinally study health and neurodevelopmental correlates of adolescent smartphone use.

Objective Study objectives are to detect small airways disease in asthma and to study T2 inflammatory markers (eosinophil count, IgE, phenotyping) in association with small airways disease. Methods and patients The retrospective study at OPC at Al Qassimi Hospital of EHS included 83 patients with confirmed asthma diagnosis. Based on their ACT scores, patients were divided into two groups. An assessment of demographic data, blood eosinophils, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, IgE, PFE25-75, FEV1%, R5-20, X5 and AX was carried out. Analyzing and collecting data. Results In this study, a significant correlation was found between the R5-20, X5, and AX values of the small airway and the asthma control test. Uncontrolled asthmatics had a higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide level and blood eosinophilic count. Conclusion In asthma management, small airways clinical impact should be investigated actively. Impulse oscillometry is an excellent marker for asthma control.

Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi telah mengalami kemajuan yang pesat hingga mengubah perilaku dan budaya masyarakat dalam mendapatkan pelayanan dan bersosialisasi termasuk juga bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan. Aplikasi “Platform Sekolah Pintar” hadir membantu institusi untuk bertransformasi digital sehingga menjadi organisasi yang efisien, efektif, inovatif dan akseleratif. Permasalahan klasik di sekolah atau pondok pesantren adalah uang saku siswa yang belum bisa dikelola dengan baik, seringnya kasus kehilangan uang, kesenjangan sosial, penggunaan uang cash yang tidak terkontrol atau sering disalahgunakan, Serta resiko penularan virus melalui transaksi uang cash disaat pandemik. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka kami melaksanakan kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat berupa “Sosialisasi Program Kartu Jajan di MTSN 2 Kota Kediri sebagai Bentuk Layanan Digitalisasi Sekolah.” Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menggunakan model pengembangan instruksional, seperti observasi langsung; pelatihan serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan meliputi: Presentasi, wawancara, dokumentasi serta forum diskusi kelompok. Luaran yang dicapai adalah memberikan tambahan wawasan dan Penerapan Kartu Jajan Digital berbasis mobile sebagai Media Digitalisasi Sekolah sehingga dapat menguatkan reputasi Sekolah dalam implementasi Smart School berbasis teknologi di era teknologi digital.

This study investigates the effectiveness of Apple’s privacy labels, introduced in iOS 14, in promoting transparency around app data collection practices with respect to the GDPR. Specifically, we address two key research questions: (1) What special categories of personal data, as regulated by the GDPR, are collected and used by apps, and for which purposes? (2) What disparities exist between app-stated permissions and the apparent unnecessary data gathering across various categories in the iOS App Store? By analyzing a comprehensive dataset of 541,662 iOS apps, we identify common practices related to prevalent use of sensitive and special categories of personal data, revealing widespread instances of unnecessary data collection, misuse, and potential GDPR violations. Furthermore, our analysis uncovers significant inconsistencies between the permissions stated by apps and the actual data they gather, highlighting a critical gap in user privacy protection within the iOS ecosystem. These findings underscore the need for stricter regulatory oversight of app stores and the necessity of effective privacy notices to build accountability and trust and ensure transparency. This study offers actionable insights for regulators, app developers, and users towards creating secure and transparent digital ecosystems.

Abstract New results that employ Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry (ZiR) and quartz‐inclusion‐in‐garnet (QuiG) barometry constrain the P–T conditions of garnet formation in blueschists and eclogites from the island of Syros, Greece. QuiG barometry reveals that garnet from different regions across the island formed at pressures ranging from 1.1 to 1.8 GPa and ZiR thermometry on rutile inclusions in garnet constrains the minimum temperature of garnet formation to have been 475–550°C. Most importantly, there is no systematic difference in the conditions of garnet formation from different regions across the island and these results are nearly identical to those obtained from the islands of Sifnos and Ios, Greece. A model is proposed whereby the rocks from all three islands were initially metamorphosed along a relatively shallow geotherm of around 11°C/km to a depth of around 45 km and were then subjected to metamorphism along a geotherm of around 7–8°C/km, which could have been caused by either an increase in the dip of the subduction zone or an increase in the rate of subduction. Garnet formed along this steeper geotherm was accompanied by the release of significant H2O from the breakdown of chlorite over a duration of 1 Ma or less based on thermal and diffusion modeling. It is concluded that rocks from Syros, Sifnos and Ios all followed a similar, roughly counter‐clockwise prograde P–T path and that the present outcrop configuration is largely due to a complex exhumation history.

Ensuring robust security in the Internet of Things (IoT) landscape is of paramount importance. This research article presents a novel approach to enhance IoT security by leveraging collaborative threat intelligence and integrating blockchain technology with machine learning (ML) models. The iOS application acts as a central control centre, facilitating the reporting and sharing of detected threats. The shared threat data is securely stored on a blockchain network, enabling ML models to access and learn from a diverse range of threat scenarios. The research focuses on implementing Random Forest, Decision Tree classifier, Ensemble, LSTM, and CNN models on the IoT23 dataset within the context of a Collaborative Threat Intelligence Framework for IoT Security. Through an iterative process, the models’ accuracy is improved by reducing false negatives through the collaborative threat intelligence system. The article investigates the implementation details, privacy considerations, and the seamless integration of ML-based techniques for continuous model improvement. Experimental evaluations on the IoT23 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in enhancing IoT security and mitigating potential threats. The research contributes to the advancement of collaborative threat intelligence and blockchain technology in the context of IoT security, paving the way for more secure and reliable IoT deployments.

A necessidade das empresas de entregar aplicativos, modernos, rápidos e funcionais é cada vez mais latente no mercado de tecnologia, devido ao grande público que possui dispositivos móveis. O processo de desenvolvimento passou por mudanças significativas devido a questões relacionadas ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e a grande adoção da tecnologia no cotidiano das pessoas ao redor do mundo. Como resultado desses avanços, surgiram questões importantes para aumentar a produtividade das equipes e melhorar a manutenibilidade dos sistemas tais como o controle do espaço que os aplicativos ocupam nos dispositivos dos usuários, arquitetura de aplicações para dispositivos móveis, injeção de dependência dentre outros temas importantes para a plataforma. Este artigo visou uma pesquisa bibliográfica a fim de citar desafios comuns para estabelecer a constituição de aplicativos modulares, habilitando a modernização, manutenibilidade e entregas rápidas e consistentes para empresas que necessitam de um aplicativo escalável, foi listado pontos chaves para produzir aplicativos com ênfase no sistema operacional iOS. Contribuindo para a comunidade de tecnologia sobre esse assunto, no qual há pouca literatura sobre arquitetura de aplicativos.

MobiScout is an iOS application designed to monitor users' driving habits and physiological conditions on the road. This app offers a cost-effective, next-generation solution for data collection and analysis in naturalistic driving studies. MobiScout captures real-time data, encompassing physiological information, using sensors on mobile phones, smartwatches, and Bluetooth-enabled OBD equipment. The software records data such as speed, braking, pulse rate, and acceleration, while the phone's camera captures both the interior and exterior views of the car. Data can either be streamed to cloud storage in real-time or stored locally in areas without WIFI. The acquired data serves to enhance our understanding of typical traffic behavior, driver performance, and surrounding conditions.

The emergence of the Internet of Things technologies and the increase and convenience of smart home devices have contributed to the growth of self-installed home security systems. While home security devices have become more accessible and can help users monitor and secure their homes, they can also become targets of cyberattacks and/or witnesses of criminal activities, hence sources of forensic evidence. To date, there is little existing literature on forensic analysis and the security and privacy of home security systems. In this paper, we seek to better understand and assess the forensic artifacts that can be extracted, the security and privacy concerns around the use of home security devices, and the challenges forensic investigators might encounter, by performing a comprehensive investigation of the SimpliSafe security system. We investigated the interaction of the security system with the SimpliSafe companion app on both Android and iOS devices. We analyzed the network traffic as the user interacts with the system to identify any security or privacy concerns. Our method can help investigators working on other home security systems, and our findings can further help developers to improve the confidentiality and privacy of user data in home security devices and their applications.

Objectives: Few studies have evaluated the marginal fit of computer-aided design—computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) monolithic zirconia crowns fabricated through completely digital workflow; however, the internal fit of these restorations is not well known. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of monolithic zirconia crowns fabricated by using digital workflow, including intraoral scanner (IOS) scans, and compare the results to those of a semi-digital workflow, which combined conventional impressions, poured casts, and extraoral scanner (EOS) scanning. Materials and methods: A typodont right mandibular first molar was prepared for a complete-coverage ceramic crown and scanned using an IOS. The conventional impressions of the preparation were also made, and stone casts were poured and scanned by using an EOS. Virtual models were generated for both workflows, and identical virtual anatomic contour crowns were designed using CAD software. Monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated for both IOS (ZI; n = 10) and EOS (ZE; n = 10) groups. The silicon replica technique was used to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of the crowns. Measurements were made at 13 points on buccolingual and mesiodistal cross-sections per specimen with a ×6.5 to ×50 zoom stereo microscope. The results from both groups were statistically compared using the Independent Samples t-tests and the Mann–Whitney U test (α = 0.05). Results: Mean gap values at all measurement locations for ZE were significantly higher than those for ZI (p ≤ 0.002). Overall mean values ranged between 29 and 43 µm (median: 28–42 µm) for ZI and 42 and 75 µm (median: 43–77 µm) for ZE. Conclusion: Completely digital workflow through intraoral scans provided significantly better marginal and internal fit for CAD-CAM monolithic zirconia crowns compared with the semi-digital workflow, where stone casts obtained from conventional impressions were scanned with an EOS. Yet, both workflows provided an acceptable marginal and internal fit for CAD-CAM monolithic zirconia molar crowns (

The drop in COVID-19 patients in Indonesia from January to February 2022 made many companies prepare policies to no longer enforce work from home. At the office, we can interact and meet other people directly and it is possible to be exposed to Covid-19 that could potentially become a new wave of COVID-19. This effect poses a serious risk to all people who come into contact with COVID-19-infected individuals or are close to them. The major course of action that may be performed when someone has COVID-19 is self-isolation and tracking anyone who is around or has a health condition associated to COVID-19. We require an iOS-based COVID-19 diagnosis expert system application to track the health status of everyone around us because we are unable to know the health status of everyone. The application uses artificial intelligence technology in the form of an expert system to check health conditions. The expert system replaces the role of the expert with the certainty factor method. This app should be used every time before entering a potentially crowded place to clarify tracking by using maps feature. In addition to COVID-19, this expert system can also diagnose diseases that have the same symptoms as Typhoid Fever and Pneumonia. The results of the expert system are in the form of diagnosing the user's health condition based on the symptoms given with a confidence level of up to 0.9999952130944 or 99.99952130944% for COVID-19, 0.9676 or 96.76% for Typhoid Fever, and 97% for Pneumonia.

Mobile devices, specifically smartphones, have become a necessity in everyday life, as we perform many essential day-to-day tasks using these devices. With the projected increase in mobile devices to 18.22 billion by 2025, the reliance on smartphones will only grow. This demand for smartphones has allowed various companies to start developing their own devices and custom operating systems, each of which puts its own touch on them. In addition, current smartphones have increased processing power, providing users with a computer experience in their pockets. Software developers have taken this opportunity to bridge the gap between personal computers and smartphones by creating the same software for personal computers and mobile devices. Kali Linux is one of the most popular penetration testing tools for desktop use and has been adapted to operate on mobile devices under the name Kali NetHunter. Kali NetHunter has three different versions on mobile platforms that provide various levels of capabilities. Kali NetHunter is just one example in which an application or an operating system applies to a specific niche of users. Highly customized operating systems or applications do not receive the same attention as field research, leaving them unfamiliar to mobile forensic investigators when used maliciously. In this paper, we conducted an exploratory study on the Kali NetHunter Lite application after it was installed and its embedded tools were utilized. Our results show a detailed analysis of the file system and reveal the data from the tests carried out during various phases. Furthermore, the locations of the folders involved in the process were described.

Abstract Background While optimizing spirometry is a challenge for lung function labs, long-term variability if any between IOS (impulse oscillometry) parameters and spirometry is not clearly known in stable COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and chronic asthma. The forced oscillation technique is increasingly employed in routine lung function testing. Our aim in this study was to determine the variability in oscillometric parameters between clinic visits over weeks or months in two patient groups during a period of clinical stability. Moreover, the research assessed relationships between IOS parameters long-term variability and COPD severity. Methods We used data from 73 patients with stable COPD and 119 patients with stable asthma at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University. Patients were included if they had three or more clinic visits where spirometry and IOS were performed during a clinically stable period. Data recorded from the first three visits were used. The standard deviation (SDbv), the coefficient of variation (COV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficient of repeatability (COR) were calculated, Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney test was used for data that did not conform to normality of distributions, Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare with multiple groups, post hoc comparison was analyzed by Bonferroni, Spearman correlation coefficients for non-parametric data, the multiple regression analyses to determine the relationship between long-term variability and airflow obstruction. Results (1) The repeatability of IOS resistance parameters with ICC values > 0.8 was high in COPD and asthma. ICC values of IOS resistance parameters were higher than IOS reactance parameters; (2) the repeatability of spirometry parameters with ICC values 0.05) and R5-R20 (P > 0.05). Conclusion IOS resistance parameters have good long-term repeatability in asthma and COPD. Additionally, repeatability of spirometry parameters is lower than IOS resistance parameters in different GOLD stages.

The article introduces a novel strategy for efficiently mitigating COVID-19 distribution at the local level due to contact with any surfaces. Our project aims to be a critical safety shield for the general people in the fight against the epidemic. An ultrasonic sensor is integrated with the automated doorbell system to ring the doorbell with a hand motion. A temperature sensor Mlx90614 is also included in the system, which records the temperature of the person standing in front of the door. The device also includes a camera module that captures the image of the person standing at the front entrance. The captured image is processed through an ML model which runs at over 30 fps to detect whether or not the person is wearing a mask. The image and the temperature of the person standing outside are sent to the owner through the configured iOS application. If the person outside is wearing a mask, one can open the door through the app itself and permit the entry of the person standing outside thereby integrating the edge device with an app for a better user experience. The system helps in reducing physical contact, and the results obtained are at par with the already existing solutions and provide a few advantages over them.

One of humanity’s most devastating health crises was COVID-19. Billions of people suffered during this pandemic. In comparison with previous global pandemics that have been faced by the world before, societies were more accurate with the technical support system during this natural disaster. The intersection of data from healthcare units and the analysis of this data into various sophisticated systems were critical factors. Different healthcare units have taken special consideration to advance technical inputs to fight against such situations. The field of natural language processing (NLP) has dramatically supported this. Despite the primitive methods for monitoring the bio-metric factors of a person, the use of cognitive science has emerged as one of the most critical features during this pandemic era. One of the essential features is the potential to understand the data based on various texts and user inputs. The deployment of various NLP systems is one of the most challenging factors in handling the bulk amount of data flowing from multiple sources. This study focused on developing a powerful application to advise patients suffering from ailments related to COVID-19. The use of NLP refers to facilitating a user to identify the present critical situation and make necessary decisions while getting infected. This article also summarises the challenges associated with NLP and its usage for future NLP-based applications focusing on healthcare units. There are a couple of applications that reside for android-based systems as well as web-based chat-bot systems. In terms of security and safety, application development for iOS is more advanced. This study also explains the block meant of an application for advising COVID-19 infection. A natural language processing powered application for an iOS operating system is indeed one of its kind, which will help people who need to advise proper guidance. The article also portrays NLP-based application development for healthcare problems associated with personal reporting systems.

El presente artículo muestra el desarrollo de una aplicación para dispositivos móviles con sistema operativo iOS, pensado para la capacitación de diferentes usuarios de equipos especializados. La aplicación móvil es capaz de conectarse a la nube y por medio de un sistema de búsqueda manual o a través de un código QR, puede obtener la información del equipo de interés para capacitarse, teniendo acceso a vídeo tutoriales y manuales de operación, logrando una interacción amigable para el usuario. Los servicios de Google Firebase se utilizaron como nube para poder guardar la información de los equipos y el registro de los usuarios.

With the “Internet +” era, the great changes have taken place in the way people receive information, more and more people are more willing to obtain information through mobile App, portal, etc.. In order to comply with the changes in the times, the promotion platform for earthquake protection and disaster reduction also needs to transform the form of publicity, and pay more attention to fragmentation, immediacy, and visual communication. In conjunction with the actual characteristics of the “Internet +” time communication, based on the important issues of the current earthquake prevention and disaster reduction publicity and the main characteristics of the “Internet +” times information transmission technology, a new model of ubiquitous propaganda of popular science knowledge on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction is proposed. And according to the characteristics of the ubiquitous propaganda model, the ubiquitous publicity resources based on iOS system are designed and developed to provide mobile equipment-based digital resource support for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction promotion. This study makes a new discussion and attempt on the earthquake science propaganda of mobile Internet era, which plays a positive role in the present and future.

Introduction: COVID-19 has become a pandemic in the world; with the unprecedented growth of technology, smartphones play a role in different stages including managing COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to investigate Iranian mobile applications related to Covid-19 disease. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all Iranian mobile applications related to COVID-19 in 2020. A search was conducted on Iranian digital app markets on phones with Android and iOS operating systems using the following keywords: ‘COVID-19’, ‘coronavirus’, and ‘corona’ with their Persian translations. For each app, the extracted information included name, category, cost, size, latest version, requirement for Internet connectivity, subscriber count app download, user satisfaction rate, developers, and purpose of development. Results: The search results indicated a total of 103 apps (76 Android and 27 iOS apps). The most frequent categories were medical apps, games, and educational apps. About 80.6% of apps were free, 15.5% of apps had in-app purchases, and 3.9% of apps required payment for installation. Most applications were developed by personal developers and 84 applications were online and 19 applications were offline. Other goals of COVID-related application developers in Iran included entertainment, providing daily statistics, raising user awareness, control and tracking, self-care, and prevention. Conclusion: A wide range of mobile applications related to COVID disease are available with many capabilities. Given the findings and the positive role of this program in epidemic control, the effectiveness of screening and self-assessment programs requires the interaction of private developers and the public sector for integration

A növekvő és folyton változó nemzetközi verseny, a növekvő piaci volatilitás és a mindinkább egyedi termékek iránti kereslet (személyre szabott gyártás), valamint a termékek rövidebb életciklusa komoly kihívások elé állítják a vállalatokat, aminek a hagyományos termelési rendszerek már nem képesek megfelelni. Az ipar 4.0 egy új gyártási paradigma, mely nagy hangsúlyt fektet az intelligens termékek és folyamatok létrehozására. Az egyedi gyártás minél hatékonyabb megvalósítása került előtérbe, tömegtermelésnek megfelelő kondíciók mellett. A készletre történő termelést felváltja a vevői rendelésre történő gyártás. Az ipar 4.0 téma iránti növekvő érdeklődés ellenére azonban ez még mindig nem konszenzusos koncepció. Nincs egyértelmű elképzelés erről az új gyártási paradigmáról, ezért a szakirodalom bemutatásán keresztül próbálom meg ismertetni a fellelhető ipar 4.0 definíciókat, deklarálni a koncepció technikai elemeit és részletesen bemutatni azokat, ezáltal is mind tisztább képet alkotni a koncepcióról.

Insight is a construct carried out into different theoretical orientations with increasing application out of the boundaries of clinical psychology. Recent studies have investigated insight also as a promising variable for organizational outcomes. Given the relevance of Insight in promoting change, this paper aimed at describing the psychometric analysis of one of the shortest, most agile, and most versatile tool for measuring some of the characteristics of insight, the Insight Orientation Scale (IOS), using Item Response Theory. To achieve this goal, we applied a Mixed Rash Model to the IOS. Data from 1,445 individuals were analyzed by the means of WIN-MIRA and Multilog. Based on the likelihood statistics (CAIC) we assumed a three-class solution for the IOS. Results also indicated that the greater part of items had good discrimination and threshold parameters. These findings confirmed psychometric stability of the IOS highlighting its measurement precision, supporting its utility in both research and practice.

Abstract Asthma is a common chronic condition, affecting approximately 339 million people worldwide. The main goal of the current asthma treatment guidelines is to achieve clinical control, encompassing both the patient symptoms and limitations and the future risk of adverse asthma outcomes. Despite randomized controlled trials showing that asthma control is an achievable target, a substantial proportion of asthmatics remain poorly controlled in real life. The involvement of peripheral small airways has recently gained greater recognition in asthma, and many studies suggest that the persistent inflammation at these sites leads to small airway dysfunction (SAD), strongly contributing to a worse asthma control. Overall, the impulse oscillometry (IOS), introduced in the recent years, seems to be able to sensitively assess small airways, while conventional spirometry does not. Therefore, IOS may be of great help in characterizing SAD and guiding therapy choice. The aim of this article is to review the literature on SAD and its influence on asthma control, emphasizing the most recent evidence.

As the number of smartphone users grows, the smartphone's function in healthcare has evolved from a device that is used to arrange doctor appointments via the internet rather than the traditional approach. Mobile apps are a convenient way to track and collect data in order to combat the spread of COVID-19. To ensure that the right to privacy and civil liberties are maintained, we report on our investigation of 50 COVID -19- related apps, including their access to and use of personally identifiable information. Reservations are made at the doctor over the Internet, and an appointment is arranged for the visit and medical examination at a certain time, resulting in a reduction in the spread of the virus, especially in pandemic conditions such as Covid-19. Additionally, this provides a service for saving data and health files in the cloud on the Internet to retrieve information when needed, and not wasting these files and health papers while providing protection for them in terms of patient privacy. Designing an application (App) functioning on IOS and Android systems which works in mobile devices easily to provide the ability to book a doctor appointment from App. The App is a link between the patient and the doctor to reduce the patient’s presence in health centers and medical facilities which are good centers for transmission of infection, especially in COVID-19. During the design of app, we have considered the low speed of data throughput especially for IRAQ.

Minimnya alat peraga bagi beberapa sekolah vokasi menjadi kendala tersendiri dalam proses kegiatan pembelajaran. Kebutuhan akan alat peraga dalam bidang otomotif sangat diperlukan namun masih banyak kendala terkait dengan kepemilikan alat peraga karena mahalnya pengadaan alat tersebut. Untuk membantu penggunaan alat peraga dengan media penunjang lainnya dalam penelitian ini adalah menerapkan teknologi baru yang dapat membantu kegiatan pembelajaran agar lebih meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik pada proses belajar pengenalan sepeda motor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah media baru dengan menerapkan teknologi Augmented Reality (AR) pada aplikasi pengenalan perangkat sepeda motor sebagai penunjang pembelajaran. Objek dibuat 3 dimensi yang menyerupai kondisi nyata disajikan secara visual dan interaktif. Penelitian ini melalui rangkaian tahapan dimulai dari merancang aplikasi yang berdasarkan pembagian konteks dalam alat peraga AR yang terbagi menjadi tema bodi sepeda motor, kerangka sepeda motor, rangkaian kelistrikkan sepeda motor serta tema mesin sepeda motor. Kemudian mengimplementasikan aplikasi pengenalan perangkat sepeda motor menggunakan teknologi Augmented Reality sampai pada tahap pengujian aplikasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada tahapan pengujian jarak dan sudut bahwa aplikasi ini akan berjalan dengan baik ketika kamera augmented reality berjarak 25 cm dari marker dan pada sudut antara 90 derajat sampai sudut minimal 30 derajat. Berdasarkan uji kuesioner aplikasi ini dapat menunjang pembelajaran pada siswa SMK jurusan Teknik Sepeda Motor sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.

Study presented in this paper concerns the comparative analysis of the performance of iOS applications developed using native and cross-platform technologies. For the purpose of the research, two iOS applications were implemented: the first one was created using the Swift programming language, while the second one using Flutter technology. For both applications, a set of research scenarios was defined, which assumed the examination of the time of execution and CPU consumption during the execution of operations, such as: sorting integers, writing and reading string from a file or writing and reading records from the SQLite database. The conducted analysis showed that it is not possible to clearly state which application is more efficient in terms of execution time and CPU consumption, because they obtained divergent results for different research scenarios. The native application performed better for file and database operations, while the cross-platform one obtained lower time and CPU consumption when sorting numbers.

El presente trabajo busca generar una automatización mediante una aplicación móvil con la cual los usuarios que cuenten con un vehículo, ofrezcan a las personas una opción de viaje a sus destinos, basada en su ruta diaria y a un precio accesible. La idea surge de la necesidad de que los usuarios conductores puedan tener un ingreso extra llevando pasajeros dentro de su recorrido, y a su vez, los pasajeros puedan contar con una aplicación alternativa más económica que les permita llegar más rápido a sus destinos finales. Se utilizan herramientas que son tendencia actualmente, como Firebase para la gestión de datos, Xamarin como principal en cuanto al desarrollo, debido a su gran ventaja de reutilizar el mismo código para las plataformas de Android y IOS, como complemento se utilizarán las APIs de Facebook y Google para brindar al beneficiario una alternativa de inicio de sesión, y Google Maps para el despliegue de rutas en un mapa. Los resultados evidencian que el sistema será una gran opción al momento de gestionar la rutas.

Introduction Planning fixed prosthodontic reconstruction can be challenging task in everyday practice. When the last tooth in dental arch is missing, a single implant-supported crown is recommended. With the evolution of digital technology, it became possible that these restorations can be made using completely digital approach. The aim of this case report was to present complete clinical procedure of making implant supported single zirconia crowns for posterior teeth using completely digital approach. Case report A 53-year-old patient presented to the dental office with missing both first molars in the lower dental arch. The decision was made to make two implant-supported single screw-retained crowns, using digital approach. Intraoral scanning of the soft tissues and the implants' position was done using intraoral scanner Medit i500. The laboratory steps followed: computer-assisted design (CAD) and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) of zirconia crowns. Conclusion Implant-supported single crowns for posterior teeth are an excellent solution for patients when the last tooth in dental arch is missing. Digital approach-from initial intraoral scanning (IOS), to designing the restoration in software and further processing of monolithic CAD/CAM generated crowns out of zirconia gives predictable, highly esthetic and functional results for implant-supported single crowns.

ObjectiveTo determine whether a framework-based approach for mobile apps is appropriate for the implementation of psychological testing, and equivalent to established methods.MethodsApple's ResearchKit was used for implementing native implicit association test methods (IAT), and an exemplary app was developed to examine users' implicit attitudes toward overweight or thin individuals. For comparison, a web-based IAT app, based on code provided by Project Implicit, was used. Adult volunteers were asked to test both versions on an iPad with touch as well as keyboard input (altogether four tests per participant, random order). Latency values were recorded and used to calculate parameters relevant to the implicit setting. Measurements were analyzed with respect to app type and input method, as well as test order (ANOVA and χ2 tests).ResultsFifty-one datasets were acquired (female, n = 21; male, n = 30, average age 35 ± 4.66 years). Test order and combination of app type and input method influenced the latency values significantly (both P

Resumo Estudos climáticos associados às variáveis físicas da atmosfera para identificação de padrões e suas variações necessitam de séries de dados longas para terem resultados mais confiáveis. Nem sempre essas séries com medidas instrumentais têm essa longevidade de observações, por isso aproximações por técnicas paleoclimáticas são importantes para inferir variabilidades relacionadas a esses processos físicos da natureza. Variações da superfície de temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM) que ocasionam diferenças de pressão a superfície entre o oeste e leste do oceano Pacífico, chamadas de Oscilação Sul, são características que estão associadas a eventos de alterações de TSM no Pacífico Tropical (El Ninõs, La Niñas e Neutros), que impactam climaticamente várias áreas do globo. Foram usados proxies de precipitação referentes às áreas no oeste e leste do Pacifico, 50-1955 DC, do índice de Oscilação Sul e de precipitação de duas áreas no sudoeste (1800-2012 DC) e leste (1800-2012 DC) da Amazônia. A metodologia base foi o cálculo de escores Z usados como medidas de variabilidade dos proxies. Os principais resultados mostraram que os proxies de IOS indicaram eventos de El Niños (La Niñas) associados a períodos de climas globais mais quentes no período RWP e MWP e mais frias no período DACP e LIA. Para as áreas da sudoeste e leste da Amazônia os proxies mostraram que ocorreu uma maior variação da precipitação nesses últimos 200 anos no setor sudoeste da mesma.

Michela D’Ascanio,1 Fausta Viccaro,1 Noemi Calabrò,1 Giulio Guerrieri,1 Claudia Salvucci,1 Dario Pizzirusso,1 Rita Mancini,1 Claudia De Vitis,1 Aldo Pezzuto,2 Alberto Ricci1 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; 2Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, ItalyCorrespondence: Michela D’Ascanio Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, Roma 00189, RM, ItalyTel +390633776768Email dascaniomichela87@gmail.comPurpose: Lung hyperinflation is a feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and can determine pivotal consequence on symptoms, exercise tolerance and quality of life. Despite the relevance of assessing lung hyperinflation, there is still no single consensus as to what volume should be taken into account. We investigate which spirometric measurement is more reliable in assessing static lung hyperinflation and which is more related with impulse oscillometry system (IOS) measurements in COPD.Patients and Methods: Fifty-five COPD patients were enrolled. TLC, RV and RV:TLC ratio were obtained both with helium and plethysmography techniques. IOS measurements (X5, Fres and R5-R20) were performed. Pearson and Spearman correlation determined the relationships between the functional parameters that evaluate static hyperinflation (RV: TLC, TLC, RV) and IOS measurements.Results: As expected, we reported a statistically significant difference between these two techniques in terms of mean percentage values of TLC (7.57 ± 3.26 L; p= 0.02) and RV (15.24 ± 7.51 L; p=0.04), while RV:TLC measured with the two methods was similar (5.21 ± 4.69%; p=0.27). The correlation analysis showed that IOS parameters, such as difference in resistance between 5 Hz and 20 Hz (R(5– 20)) and resonant frequency (Fres), were positively correlated with RV:TLC ratio, while reactance at 5 Hz (X(5)) was negatively correlated with it. In particular, we pointed out a weak correlation between RV:TLC (%) (Pleth) and R(5– 20) (r=0.3, p=0.04), Fres (r=0.3; p=0.03), while X5 had a mild correlation with RV:TLC (%) (r=− 0.5;p< 0.0001). Moreover, we noticed a strong relationship between RV:TLC (%)(He) and X5 (r=− 0.7; p=0.0001) and a mild correlation between RV:TLC (%) (He) and Fres (r=0.4; p=0.003). Between R5-R20 and RV:TLC, there was a weak correlation (r=0.3; p=0.001). No correlation between TLC, RV (L,%) (both helium and Pleth derived) and IOS parameters (R(5– 20), X5, Fres) was found.Conclusion: RV:TLC can represent the most reliable parameter in the assessment of hyperinflation, considering the absence of significant difference in its measurement between the two techniques. IOS provides supplementary information in the assessment of static hyperinflation.Keywords: hyperinflation, COPD, IOS

Every year, routinely PT. Enseval Putera Megatrading held several events which were held face-to-face and online and involved many parties, from the employees' board of directors and external parties as sources. The events held include: National Work Meeting (RAKERNAS), Mid Year Work Meeting, Product Launching, EMDP Graduation, Enseval Anniversary, Innovation Forum, and others. There are at least 3 stages that the Event Owner must go through in organizing and achieving the goals of an event, pre-event starting from the formation of the committee to determining the concept of the event that will take place, running events starting from registering participants who are present in the event to maintaining the event's run down, post events ranging from gathering feedback on events to publishing materials. An event management system is absolutely necessary to support the success of the event. Valent, which is a React Native based mobile application, is the right step to answer this need. React native is an application that is used using the JavaScript programming language to create applications in developing applications on smartphones based on Android and iOS. (Zammetti, 2018) This allows Valent to run on 2 OSes at once (Android & IOS) so that all event participants can enjoy the benefits of the Valent application directly from their respective smartphones.

Shown symptoms in digestive diseases might be similar, resulting in patient’s suspected diseases before and after diagnosis attempt might turn out to be different. This paper aims to build a design of an expert system for digestive disease identification using Naïve Bayes methodology for iOS-based applications. The result from this paper helps medical interns to increase the accuracy in predicting patient’s suspected digestive disease. A precise prediction in suspected disease identification can minimalize unnecessary diagnosis attempts, which saves time and reduces cost. Naïve Bayes is chosen because it has a higher accuracy level than other classification methods. This research includes collecting data through literature reviews on digestive diseases and their symptoms, processing the data to be turned into a knowledge base for the expert system, conducting data training using Naïve Bayes by the designed expert system application through this research. The result from the conducted data training using Naïve Bayes methodology shows that the expert system application has a higher accuracy level, which is 84%.

This study aims to determine the effect of firm size, leverage , sales growth, and investment opportunity set to the value of company. The sample in this study were 53 data from 18 mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2015-2018 period that met the criteria. This type of research is quantitative and the sample used is purposive sampling. The analysis of the data used is the statistical analysis in the form of multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that firm size does not effect the firm value, leverage has a significant negative effect on firm value, sales growth and investment opportunity set has a significant positive effect on firm value.

The presented paper describes the creation of a mobile application module for showing a current menu at Mendel University cafeterias. Nowadays, the students and the university staff have the menu accessible through a static webpage. The presented solution serves as a dynamic presentation of the current menu for all Mendel University in Brno cafeterias. Most cafeteria menu applications use the REST architectures for the server backend. The contribution of the paper is in usage of the Google Firebase Realtime database as a server backend. Unlike in traditional REST architecture, the data e.g. the food rating is instantaneously changed and the users have an up to date information. Part of the presented solution is also a mobile application module for both Android and iOS where university students and staff can see the current cafeterias menus.

(1) Background: New intraoral (IOS) and laboratory scanners appear in the market and their trueness and precision have not been compared. (2) Methods: Seven IOS and two laboratory scanners were used to scan a mandibular edentulous model with four parallel internal hexagon implant analogues and PEEK scan bodies. Digital models in Standard Tessellation Language (STL) were created. The master model with the scan bodies was scanned (×10) with a computerized numerical control 3D Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). The short (distances of adjacent scan posts) and long distances (distances of the scan posts with non-adjacent sites in the arch) among the centroids of the four analogues were calculated using CMM special software. Trueness (comparisons with the master model) and precision (intragroup comparisons) were statistically compared with ANOVA, chi-square and Tukey tests. (3) Results: Laboratory scanners had the best trueness and precision compared to all IOSs for long distances. Only iTero (Align Technologies Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA) had comparable trueness with one laboratory scanner in short and long distances. For short distances, CS3600 (Carestream Health, Inc., Rochester, NY, USA), Omnicam, Primescan (Sirona Dental Sys-tems GmbH, Bens-heim, Germany) and TRIOS 4 (3Shape A/S, Copen-hagen, Denmark) had similar trueness to one laboratory scanner. From those, only Omnicam and Primescan had similar precision as the same laboratory scanner. Most IOSs seem to work better for smaller distances and are less precise in cross-arch distances. (4) Conclusions: The laboratory scanners showed significantly higher trueness and precision than all IOSs tested for the long-distance group; for the short distance, some IOSs were not different in trueness and precision than the laboratory scanners.

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of financial performance (profitability, leverage, capital expenditure, liquid asset substitute), IOS, and company size on cash holding by using dividend policy as a moderating variable. The number of samples of this study was 108 observations of non-financial companies in the LQ 45 Index for the period of 2011-2016. The results of moderated regression analysis (MRA) shows that profitability has a positive effect on cash holding, while leverage, liquid asset substitute, IOS, and firm size have negative effect on cash holdings. The results of this study also show that dividend policy can be a moderating variable which weakens the positive effect of profitability on cash holding and strengthens the negative effect of capital expenditure, but the dividend policy is not able to moderate the influence of leverage on cash holding. As a result, the companies were able to make large dividend payouts to reduce the excessive amount of cash holding that managers often abused for their own benefits and increasingly prospering investors with a given dividend.

Abstract Background The rapid progress in information and communication technologies has promoted the development of smartphone applications (apps) for a wide variety of purposes including workplace safety. However, no specific apps for occupational risk prevention in the police domain seemingly exist as yet. In this work, an app running under the iOS and Android operating systems was developed to help police officers become acquainted with policing-related occupational risks and to prevent their damaging consequences. Results The proposed app, which uses an iterative user-centered design to avoid occupational risks in policing activities, was assessed for performance by a group of users and experts through a System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. The mean overall score for the questionnaire was 82.3. The app has backend support to facilitate continual improvement through contributions from users and administrators. A field test revealed increased awareness of policing occupational risks after using the app in many users. Conclusions A novel product that covers the needs of ORP requirements of police officers has been developed.

The development of mobile technologies and Internet connectivity has a beneficial effect on the creation of diverse mobile applications related to different spheres of life. The time when people used their phones only for making phone calls passed away and nowadays every one of us has a small computer in his pocket that provides unlimited opportunities for training, business and entertainment. The purpose of this work is to present some of the most commonly used mobile applications that are designed to facilitate business communication, financial operations, staff and customer management. The main mobile technologies, operating systems and features of mobile applications are described. A survey about the usage of mobile technologies and applications is conducted and the results are presented.

The previous existing mobile technologies were only limited to voice and short messages, organized between several network operators and service providers. However, recent advancements in technologies, introduction, and development of the smartphones added many features such: high-speed processors, huge memory, multitasking, screens with large-resolution, utile communication hardware, and so on. Mobile devices were evolving into general-purpose computers, which resulted in the development of various technological platforms, operating systems, and platforms for the development of the applications. All these results in the occurrence of various competitive offers on the market. The above-mentioned features, processing speed and applications available on mobile devices are affected by underlying operating systems. In this paper, there will be discussed the mobile operating systems and application development platforms.

Context: Mobile application developers are getting more concerned due to the importance of quality requirements or non-functional requirements (NFR) in software quality. Developers around the globe are actively asking a question(s) and sharing solutions to the problems related to software development on Stack Overflow (SO). The knowledge shared by developers on SO contains useful information related to software development such as feature requests (functional/non-functional), code snippets, reporting bugs or sentiments. Extracting the NFRs shared by iOS developers on programming Q&A website SO has become a challenge and a less researched area. Objective: To identify and understand the real problems, needs, trends, and the critical NFRs or quality requirements discussed on Stack Overflow related to iOS mobile application development. Method: We extracted and used only the iOS posts data of SO. We applied the well-known statistical topical model Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify the main topics in iOS posts on SO. Then, we labeled the extracted topics with quality requirements or NFRs by using the wordlists to assess the trend, evolution, hot and unresolved NFRs in all iOS discussions. Results: Our findings revealed that the highly frequent topics the iOS developers discussed are related to usability, reliability, and functionality followed by efficiency. Interestingly, the most problematic areas unresolved are also usability, reliability, and functionality though followed by portability. Besides, the evolution trend of each of the six different quality requirements or NFRs over time is depicted through comprehensive visualization. Conclusion: Our first empirical investigation on approximately 1.5 million iOS posts and comments of SO gives insight on comprehending the NFRs in iOS application development through the lens of real-world practitioners.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is turning into the following Internet-related insurgency. It enables billions of gadgets to be associated and speak with one another to share data that enhances the nature of our day by day lives. Then again, Cloud Computing gives on-request, advantageous and adaptable system which makes it conceivable to share computing assets; surely, this empowers dynamic information integration from different information sources. There are numerous issues hindering the effective implementation of both Cloud and IoT affecting the role of a chief information officer (CIO).The integration of Cloud Computing with the IoT is the best path on which to conquer these issues. The immense number of assets accessible on the Cloud can be to a great degree advantageous for the IoT, while the Cloud can acquire exposure to enhance its confinements with true protests in a more powerful and conveyed way. This paper gives an outline of the integration of the Cloud into the IoT by featuring the integration advantages and implementation challenges. Cloud computing has developed enormously throughout the years. Since the term appeared in mid 90s it was produced and being worked upon to make it a conceivable answer for business information stockpiling and availability issues. Expansive undertakings are progressively discovering cloud an affable arrangement even inside their stringent hierarchical approaches.Cloud has been such advanced that there is a surge of executing virtualization among CIOs. This has prompt a larger number of complexities than arrangements. The issues with cloud implementation are for the most part because of the scurry without legitimate investigation of one's circumstances and necessities previously. Following is a concise dialog on the difficulties looked by organizations amid executing cloud computing.This study focuses on the challenges faced by CIOs in a cloud and IOT based organization. This study will analyze the major challenges in cloud and IOT environments like security, privacy, performance, compliance, governance, portability, interoperability, lack of resources, cost management etc. As part of this study a survey was conducted on 400 plus IT and business leaders from various organizations from almost 30 plus countries and their responses are recorded and analyzed as part of this study

The aim of the research was to evaluate the performance of smartphone depth sensors (Time of Flight Camera(ToF) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)) from Android (Huawei P30 Pro) and iOS (iPhone 12 Pro and iPAD 2021 Pro) devices in order to build a 3D point cloud. In particular, the smartphones were tested in several case studies involving the scanning of several objects: 10 building material samples, a statue, an interior room environment and the remains of a Doric column in a major archaeological site. The quality of the point clouds was evaluated through visual analysis and using three eigenfeatures: surface variation, planarity and omnivariance. Based on this approach, some issues with the point clouds generated by smartphones were highlighted, such as surface splitting, loss of planarity and inertial navigation system drift problems. In addition, it can finally be deduced that, in the absence of scanning problems, the accuracies achievable from this type of scanning are ~1–3 cm. Therefore, this research intends to describe a method of quantifying anomalies occurring in smartphone scans and, more generally, to verify the quality of the point cloud obtained with these devices.

Abstract With the development of e-commerce, network virtual try-on, as a new online shopping mode, fills the gap that the goods cannot be tried on in traditional online shopping. In the work, we discussed augmented reality virtual glasses try-on technology on iOS platform to achieve optimal purchase of online glasses, improving try-on speed of virtual glasses, user senses of reality, and immersion. Face information was collected by the input device-monocular camera. After face detection by SVM classifier, the local face features were extracted by robust SIFT. Combined with SDM, the feature points were iteratively solved to obtain more accurate feature point alignment model. Through the head pose estimation, the virtual model was accurately superimposed on the human face, thus realizing the try-on of virtual glasses. The above research was applied in iOS glasses try-on APP system to design the try-on system of augmented reality virtual glasses on iOS mobile platform. It is proved that the method can achieve accurate identification of face features and quick try-on of virtual glasses.

Background The software product lines (SPL) enable development teams to fully address a systematic reuse of shared assets to deliver a family of similar software products. Mobile applications are an obvious candidate for employing an SPL approach. This paper presents our research outcomes, based on empirical data from an industry-level development project. Two development teams were confronted with the same functionalities set to be delivered through a family of native mobile applications for Android and iOS. Methods Empirical data was gathered before, during and after a year of full-time development. The data demonstrate the impact of a SPL approach by comparing the SPL and non-SPL multiple edition development. One family of products (Android apps) was developed using an SPL approach, while another (iOS apps), functionally the same, was developed without employing an SPL approach. The project generated a volume of raw and aggregated empirical data to support our research questions. Results The paper reports a positive impact of an SPL approach on product quality (internal and external) and feature output per week. As data shows, it also increases the delivery of functionalities (240% in 6 more editions), while investing the same amount of effort needed for a single-edition development. As a result of system-supported separation of development and production code, developers had a high confidence in further development. On the other hand, the second team delivered less new functionalities, only two new application editions, and lower software quality than the team that manages multi-edition development by employing an SPL approach.

Le grand mouvement social de 1917 en Norvège va de pair avec un vif intérêt pour les événements de Russie. Le puissant Parti travailliste, étant passé sous la direction de la gauche radicale, décide, en dépit des réticences rencontrées dans ses rangs vis-à-vis des « thèses de Moscou », d’adhérer à la IIIe Internationale dès 1919, provoquant ainsi le départ d’une petite fraction sociale-démocrate. Mais en 1923, seule la minorité qui fonde le Parti communiste y demeure. La tendance majoritaire animée par Martin Tranmæl refuse néanmoins d’adhérer à l’IOS rivale et, bien que critique, adopte une attitude plutôt conciliante avec Moscou. Après 1945, l’idée d’une réconciliation entre communistes et travaillistes fait son chemin, mais se heurte aux réalités de la guerre froide. Néanmoins, le principal parti ouvrier norvégien ne tombe jamais dans un antisoviétisme systématique, bien que le pays appartienne à l’OTAN. Quant aux partis situés plus à gauche, ils adoptent peu à peu, dès les années 1960, une ligne plus critique à l’égard du « socialisme réel ».

There are many different types of places in any city. These places include playgrounds, dog runs, cultural heritage sites and many more. A city usually wants to provide information about location and equipment of these places. The common way is via a city website. However, nowadays a much more common source of information are mobile applications. This article deals with a development of a mobile application for the Brno‑North district of Brno city. The application is designed to inform the citizens of the city district about interesting places in their vicinity. The central element of the application is a map which shows where all the interesting places are located. The application is focused primarily on families; however, it can be useful for any citizen of the district.

Objective: In addition to high-quality chest compression, parameters of resuscitation efficiency such as early chest compression, early defibrillation, and decreased hands-off time are also vital in the Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) protocol. However, because of limited time and equipment in ACLS courses, efficiency of performance is difficult to evaluate. Materials and Methods: A free, easy-to-use iOS and Android app (CodeTracer®) was developed for real-time recording of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance. Interventions performed during resuscitation were set up as buttons. When the simulated scenario in the ACLS course began, instructors recorded every intervention and the team performed by pushing the appropriate buttons. When the scenario ended, the CodeTracer® automatically computed parameters, including the percentage of no-flow time, time to initiating CPR, and time to initiating defibrillation and also generated a graphic log for later discussion. Results: A total of 76 resuscitation episodes were recorded, 27 in the practice scenarios and 49 in the final Megacode simulations. After the course, the average percentage of no-flow time decreased 5.79%, time to initiating CPR decreased 3.05 s, and time to initiating defibrillation decreased up to 20.27 s. Of note, physicians as leaders seem to have better performance after the ACLS course than before, but the results were insignificant except for the percentage of no-flow time. Conclusions: CodeTracer® can record and calculate objective parameters for resuscitation performance in ACLS courses and can assist instructors in disseminating important concepts to participants. It can be a useful tool in ACLS courses.

У даній статті розглянуто особливості мобільної операційної системи iOS в плані розробки програмного забезпечення для підготовки до ЗНО. У результаті аналізу літератури, інтернет джерел та порівняння iOS з іншими сучасними мобільними платформами було визначено низку переваг цієї системи.

James Dean,1 Umme Kolsum,1,2 Paul Hitchen,1 Vandana Gupta,1 Dave Singh1,2 1Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, 2Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK Abstract: We have used impulse oscillometry to identify COPD patients with tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFL), which is a measurement related to small airway disease. We report that 37.4% of COPD patients had EFL; these patients had multiple clinical characteristics of more severe disease including lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second values, greater hyperinflation, reduced exercise performance, and increased small airway impairment. We highlight that EFL can be used to identify a subgroup of COPD patients with distinct characteristics associated with small airway disease. Keywords: COPD, expiratory flow limitation, IOS, small airway, reactance

El asma es la enfermedad crónica más frecuente de la infancia y el objetivo central de su manejo es lograr un buen control de la enfermedad. Para evaluar el nivel de control, se han diseñado cuestionarios que clasifican a los pacientes en controlados, parcialmente o pobremente controlados. Si bien estos son de utilidad en la práctica clínica tienden a sobrestimar el nivel de control y no siempre se correlacionan bien con mediciones objetivas que incluyen función pulmonar y respuesta broncodilatadora, y evalúan mejor el riesgo. La Oscilometría de Impulso es superior en relación a la espirometría para detectar respuesta broncodilatadora en pacientes con asma no controlada y permite identificar a pacientes que están en riesgo de perder el control de la enfermedad, por lo que debería difundirse su uso en el monitoreo del asma.

Linnea Jarenbäck,1 Göran Eriksson,1 Stefan Peterson,2 Jaro Ankerst,1 Leif Bjermer,1 Ellen Tufvesson1 1Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 2Regional Cancer Center South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden Background: COPD is defined as partly irreversible airflow obstruction. The response pattern of bronchodilators has not been followed in advanced lung function parameters. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate bronchodilator response pattern in advanced lung function parameters in a continuous fashion along forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) percent predicted (%p) in COPD patients and controls. Patients and methods: Eighty-one smokers/ex-smokers (41 controls and 40 COPD) performed spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry and single-breath helium dilution carbon monoxide diffusion at baseline, after salbutamol inhalation and then after an additional inhalation of ipratropium. Results: Most pulmonary function parameters showed a linear increase in response to decreased FEV1%p. The subjects were divided into groups of FEV1%p 65, and the findings from continuous analysis were verified. The exceptions to this linear response were inspiratory capacity (IC), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC and expiratory resistance (Rex), which showed a segmented response relationship to FEV1%p. IC and FVC, with break points (BP) of 57 and 58 FEV1%p respectively, showed no response above, but an incresed slope below the BP. In addition, in patients with FEV1%p 65, response of FEV1%p did not correlate to response of volume parameters. Conclusion: Response of several advanced lung function parameters differs depending on patients’ baseline FEV1%p, and specifically response of volume parameters is most pronounced in COPD patients with FEV1%p