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When it comes to the field of literature the first thing which comes to mind is reading different literary works from the different genres; however, literature means the development of communication between individuals of different cultures and societies; this is against the past knowledge that linguistics was regarded as a tool to teach languages. Through the study of language, imagination can hardly be developed, and vocabulary development would be something so difficult to accomplish; in contrast, literary works will help learners of any language to adapt to the real world through language competence and knowledge since language and literature have an intimate role. The paper aims at improving the English language and understanding the cultural background of the language through literature. Another objective will be the improvement of personal imagination and emotion and provide the opportunity to use the language through the words that will be learned in different literary works effectively. Furthermore, further ideas will be given to utilize critical thinking.

Summary: An ethno-medicinal survey was conducted in District Swabi, Pakistan. Data were collected through field assessment as well as from traditional healers and local inhabitants by conducting personal interviews and questionnaires. Information about 63 medicinal plants belonging to 36 families was recorded. Some plants including Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae), Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), Cuscuta reflexa L. (Cuscutaceae), Fagonia arabica L. (Zygophyllaceae), Lepidium sativum L. (Apiaceae), Mirabilis jalapa L. (Nyctaginaceae), Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae), Tamarix aphylla L. (Tamaricaceae), Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) and Zingiber officinale L. (Zingiberaceae) were found to be of great pharmacological interest for novel compounds and substitute for the antibiotics. Industrial relevance: Medicinal plants are still widely used for the treatment of different ailments in the area of Swabi, therefore survey of medicinal flora should be carried out to explore and bring up-to-date the catalogue of existing natural plant resources of the area especially in agricultural country like Pakistan. Small scale government processing units of agroforestry should be implemented to reduce the overuse and motivate the cultivation of valuable medicinal plants. Majority of the people use various formulations of medicinal plants for different ailments treatment. The phytochemicals greatly varied in medicinal plants and cause a marvelous effect on human illnesses. The objective of the present study was to document the information of folk medicines, its identification, collection of samples, study of its chemical constituents and uses by the local people of District Swabi, Pakistan.

This study attempts to shift the debate of the contemporary facets of populist ideologies from the realm of institutional politics to the realm of everyday life, popular culture, media and “invented traditions”. My intention is to demonstrate how these realms generate new sources and voices of populism, often downplayed in the academic debates on the subject. The paper stems from comprehensive research on discourses of identity (re)construction in post-Yugoslav Serbia as communicated in pop-cultural media forms (specifically, music videos of all genres), in which I used a sample of 4733 music videos produced between 1980 and 2010 (and later). In this paper, I have chosen to focus on the case of the charity campaign Podignimo Stupove and its music video output. The campaign was launched as a pop-cultural initiative to help the restoration of the 12th century monastery Đurđevi Stupovi in Stari Ras, a site of utmost historical significance and value for the national culture. Against the background of institutional changes that markedly redefined the place of religion in Serbian post-socialist society, the music videos discussed in this paper provide a valuable insight into the combined musical, textual and visual language of communication of some longstanding notions associated with “Serbian populism”.

It is part of the need to continue the legacy of Efraim Hernandez Xolocotzi on traditional agricultural technology, as a paradigm for research, teaching and extension in the field of our country, for this the Etnoagronomia is proposed as one of the ethnosciences to develop and league necessarily technological, economic, social and cultural matter of peasants with development proposals. In our experience of several research with this approach, we found the persitencia and dominance of traditional agricultural technology in rural production in Mexico, with persistence of traditional knowledge related to the knowledge of natural resources, genetic diversity of cultivated and exploited wild species management technology, existence of traditional tools, presence of propitiatory rituals, agricultural calendars, forms of transmission of knowledge. As for rural development initiatives with the participation of rural communities we have found that the recognition of knowledge and its use for development proposals in participatory processes resulting in projects ethnodeveloment, local development, sustainable development, agricultural development, inter alia, the interests of the actors.

This article focuses on Serbian composer Jovana Backović and her band/project Arhai, founded in Belgrade in 1998. The central argument is that Arhai made a transition from being regarded a part of the Serbian ethno music scene (which flourished during the 1990s and 2000s) to becoming a part of the global world music scene, after Jovana Backović moved from her native Serbia to the United Kingdom to pursue an international career. This move did not imply a fundamental change of her musical style, but a change of cultural context and market conditions that, in turn, affected her cultural identity. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177004: Serbian Musical Identities within Local and Global Frameworks: Traditions, Changes, Challenges]

Upon the application of the figurative-procedural model, in this article, we focus on the Afro-Bahian musical band and carnival group Olodum as heuristic of the correlations between culture, politics and economics. These are triangulations through which the group has achieved national and international recognition for its recreational-artistic presentations. We discuss how, in this aesthetical presentations, policies of meaning were engaged with human rights and black cultural identities and expressions as well. Along the text, identity propositions of this cultural association are discussed in the light of the position Olodum has in the ethno-popular field, social realm in which properties of scarceness and affluence become accomplices.