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Persistent security challenges in Industry 4.0 due to the limited resources of IoT devices necessitate innovative solutions. Addressing this, this study introduces the ASCON algorithm for lightweight authenticated encryption with associated data, enhancing confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity within IoT limitations. By integrating Digital Twins, the framework emphasizes the need for robust security in Industry 4.0, with ASCON ensuring secure data transmission and bolstering system resilience against cyber threats. Practical validation using the MQTT protocol confirms ASCON’s efficacy over AES-GCM, highlighting its potential for enhanced security in Industry 4.0. Future research should focus on optimizing ASCON for microprocessors and developing secure remote access tailored to resource-constrained devices, ensuring adaptability in the digital era.

This article focuses on researching and constructing a system for controlling and monitoring important parameters related to the poultry egg incubation, such as temperature, humidity, egg turning, light, ventilation, and egg cooling, applying network connectivity technologies and utilizing advanced microcontrollers. The system's functions meet real-time requirements such as: real-time data from the incubation chamber can be controlled and monitored directly or remotely via a personal computer. Through this, users can adjust the parameters on the system to achieve the highest success rate in the incubation process. Experimental results show that the system operates stably with a hatch rate of nearly 95%, meeting the requirements set out by the design research. The actual product is highly robust, easy to install, operate, maintain, and service.

Di era Internet of Things (IoT) yang semakin berkembang, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) berperan penting dalam menghubungkan perangkat, memfasilitasi pertukaran data, dan menghemat sumber daya. Namun, WSN masih menghadapi tantangan operasional, seperti pengumpulan data sensor yang luas, operasional dengan energi terbatas, dan adaptasi dengan dinamika lingkungan yang berubah. Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi protokol Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) bersama ESP-NOW pada mikrokontroler ESP32, dengan tujuan utama meningkatkan efisiensi operasional WSN. Metode pengujian yang digunakan melibatkan pengujian dalam berbagai kondisi WSN, baik untuk node statis maupun dinamis, di lingkungan dengan dan tanpa hambatan fisik, untuk mengevaluasi kinerja AODV secara menyeluruh. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan komunikasi antar-node sebesar 86,6%, menandakan potensi signifikan dari integrasi ESP32 dan ESP-NOW dalam implementasi AODV di WSN. Penelitian ini penting karena membantu dalam mengatasi tantangan operasional dalam Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) yang merupakan bagian integral dari IoT, dan kontribusinya terletak pada pengembangan dan implementasi protokol AODV dengan ESP-NOW pada ESP32, yang berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi dan adaptabilitas WSN, sehingga mendukung perkembangan dan peningkatan aplikasi IoT di masa depan. Abstract In the rapidly evolving era of the Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) play a crucial role in connecting devices, facilitating data exchange, and conserving resources. However, WSNs continue to face operational challenges, such as extensive sensor data collection, limited energy operation, and adaptation to changing environmental dynamics. This study examines the implementation of the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol in conjunction with ESP-NOW on the ESP32 microcontroller, primarily aiming to enhance the operational efficiency of WSNs. The testing methodology employed involves trials under various WSN conditions, for both static and dynamic nodes, in environments with and without physical obstacles, to comprehensively evaluate the performance of AODV. The results show a successful inter-node communication rate of 86.6%, indicating the significant potential of integrating ESP32 and ESP-NOW in the AODV implementation within WSNs. This research is important as it helps in addressing the operational challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), which are an integral part of IoT, and its contribution lies in the development and implementation of the AODV protocol with ESP-NOW on ESP32, which has the potential to enhance the efficiency and adaptability of WSNs, thereby supporting the development and improvement of IoT applications in the future.

Sistem Gerbang otomatis, atau autogate, digunakan untuk memudahkan proses pembukaan dan penutupan Gerbang. Namun, dalam penggunaannya, muncul beberapa tantangan. Salah satunya adalah keterbatasan jarak akses pada sistem kendali autogate yang hanya menggunakan remote RF. Selain itu, sistem keamanan saat Gerbang menutup masih memiliki kelemahan, yaitu risiko potensial Gerbang menabrak objek yang berada di jalurnya. Untuk mengatasi tantangan-tantangan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem pengendali Gerbang geser otomatis yang mengadopsi PLC sebagai pengontrol utama. Sistem ini juga akan menambahkan akses kontrol melalui smartphone berbasiskan android yang terhubung ke jaringan internet dengan bantuan modul ESP32 serta menggunakan basis data dari Firebase. Selain itu, sensor photobeam akan dimasukkan sebagai elemen pendeteksi objek yang berada di lintasan Gerbang sebagai system pengamannya. Dari Hasil implementasi dan analisis yang telah dilakukan, alat ini berhasil beroperasi sesuai dengan desainnya. Penggunaan smartphone sebagai kendali mampu mengatasi keterbatasan jarak akses, dengan waktu respons sekitar 0,5 hingga 3 detik, bergantung pada kualitas jaringan internet. Sensor photobeam juga berhasil mendeteksi objek yang berada di lintasan Gerbang, sehingga sistem kendali dapat menghentikan dan membuka Gerbang secara otomatis ketika objek terdeteksi saat Gerbang sedang menutup.

This research focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the energy efficiency of the Renesas DA16200 microcontroller. The investigation adopts a comparative approach, directly contrasting the power consumption of the DA16200 with the widely used ESP8266 controller under identical operating conditions. The primary metric employed to assess energy efficiency is average battery life. Additionally, a detailed examination of current consumption is conducted across various operational modes, encompassing active states like data exchange, reception, and transmission, as well as low-power sleep mode. This analysis extends beyond simply measuring peak current draw. Transient current profiles are captured, providing time-resolved insights into how current consumption fluctuates throughout different operational phases. This granular data enables a deeper understanding of the microcontrollers' energy utilization patterns. Furthermore, the research explores and evaluates techniques for minimizing energy consumption specifically in the ESP8266. These findings are then juxtaposed against the inherent energy-saving features of the DA16200 microcontroller. To facilitate a precise and verifiable comparison, a custom test bench accommodating both the DA16200 and ESP8266 is designed and implemented. This controlled environment ensures consistency in operating conditions and minimizes external variables that could influence the results. The culmination of this research is the presentation of a comprehensive analysis, detailing the comparative energy consumption profiles of the studied microcontrollers. This data forms the foundation for objectively evaluating their suitability for various low-power the Internet of Things applications.

Solar electric vehicle charging can substantially reduce carbon emissions compared to conventional utility grid-based electric vehicle charging. In the future, the need for the use of electric vehicle charging will continue to increase so that an energy charging management system that is simple and has ubiquitous components is needed. This paper presented a simple charging management system. The current solution is full of complexity with various algorithms, deep learning and machine learning solutions, and artificial intelligence, which can lead to errors for which no known solution exists. The main novelty in the proposed strategy is to compare the components used to get a simple but reliable system. The component that will compare is Raspberry Pi and ESP32. The ESP32 can offset the advantages of the Raspberry Pi with the help of Blynk, so for a simple and cheaper but reliable system, the ESP32 system is better for an energy charging management system.

Indonesia is one of the countries that has the richest biodiversity in the world such as the diversity of fish species, so many people use them to keep at home as ornamental fish. However, keeping fish with various activities outside the house can result in uncontrolled fish feeding, when excessive feed is given it can affect the environment of the aquarium where the fish are kept, namely the pH value of the water. Based on this, a tool was created that can monitor the pH of aquarium water which is equipped with a control system. Taking advantage of technological advances in this era, monitoring can be done on smartphones via the WhatsApp application. The microcontroller used ESP 32, is equipped with a Wifi module for internet access, so that it can store cloud-based water pH value reading data on the twilio web. Control will be carried out with the aim of maintaining the pH value of the water in the aquarium, namely if the reading results of the pH value are not at a value of 6-8. When the pH value is too low, a liquid that can increase the pH value will be pumped into the aquarium. The same thing will be done when the pH value is high, liquid to lower the pH value will be pumped into the aquarium.

Ikan merupakan sumber makanan yang mudah diperoleh di indonesia, ikan tidak hanya dapat ditemukan di sungai dan di laut saja. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi ikan dapat dibudidayakan di rumah dengan lahan yang terbatas. Dalam budidaya ikan, kualitas air memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap produksi ikan. Terdapat beberapa parameter yang dapat dijadikan acuan bahwa air dikatakan memiliki kualitas yang baik yaitu suhu air, pH air, dan kekeruhan pada air. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan ESP32 sebagai mikrokontroler untuk memproses pembacaan sensor suhu DS18B20, sensor pH, dan sensor TDS pada akuarium, dengan data yang dapat dimonitoring melalui LCD dan smartphone. Pada alat ini dapat mengatur ON/OFF pompa berdasarkan parameter kondisi air yang telah ditentukan. Hasil perbandingan antara akuarium yang menggunakan smart akuarium dan akuarium yang tidak menggunakan smart akuarium menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan smart akuarium lebih efektif dalam menjaga kualitas air (pH 6.8, suhu 29.4ºC, kekeruhan 96 ppm) sedangkan tidak menggunakan smart akuarium (pH 3.5, suhu 28.9ºC, kekeruhan 178 ppm). Penggunaan smart akuarium juga lebih efisien karena hanya mengonsumsi rata-rata 64.6 watt per hari dengan biaya bulanan Rp 2.798, dibandingkan dengan pompa kontinyu yang mengonsumsi 324 watt per hari dengan biaya bulanan Rp 14.035. sehingga pompa yang dikendalikan oleh smart akuarium dapat lebih baik dalam menjaga kualitas air dan menghemat pengeluaran biaya penggunaan listrik.

Material classification is pivotal across materials science, engineering, and various industrial sectors. Despite the high accuracy of traditional material classification methods, they often entail large, intricate, and costly setups that demand skilled operators. In this study, we introduce the MCT-array, a newly developed compact RF antenna array system measuring $100\times 100 \times 2$ mm, which functions as a transceiver. This device, equipped with 32 receiving antennas and 2 transmitters, leverages dynamic power adjustments to refine material detection accuracy. The study evaluates three machine learning classifiers, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and Random Forest (RandF) on twelve different materials. MATLAB simulations are initially conducted to identify optimal transceiver configurations. Following the identification of optimal parameters from these simulations, real-world experiments are conducted with the materials positioned 30 cm away from the antenna. Results demonstrate that RandF achieves a material classification accuracy of 94.84%, followed by SVM at 94.5%, and MLP at 94.1%. Detailed analysis further reveals that RandF is the preferred option for tasks demanding the highest levels of accuracy, SVM strikes an optimal balance between processing speed and accuracy, while MLP stands out for its rapid prediction times, making it especially suitable for real-time applications. Integrating an innovative portable RF transceiver with these machine learning models, achieving an impressive average accuracy of over 94%, represents a scalable and effective solution. This innovation holds significant promise for sectors engaged in material classification, particularly in the realms of robotics and automation.

The real-time and accurate detection of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) in patients is of great significance for preventing the occurrence of high-risk events such as sudden cardiac death and guiding cardiac surgical procedures such as radiofrequency ablation. To improve the diagnostic accuracy and real-time performance, and expand application scenarios, an economical wearable PVC real-time auxiliary diagnosis system based on the multi-parameter squeeze excitation residual network (MP-SE-ResNet) is proposed. We have realized the real-time acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission of dynamic ECGs based on ESP32, furthermore, realized the PVCs recognition based on MP-SE-ResNet. Using the lead-II ECGs in the MIT-BIH arrhythmia databases as training samples, and the network was evaluated using the remainder of this dataset and data recorded by our device, respectively. The accuracy of the MIT-BIH dataset reached 99.34%, and the sensitivity and specificity of PVC recognition reached 98.26% and 99.64%, respectively. Using the ECGs recorded by our system, we achieved the following results: the accuracy was 94.07%, the sensitivity and specificity of PVC were 92.76% and 97.63%, respectively. The experimental results show that the system meets the requirements of remote monitoring and auxiliary diagnosis. Therefore, it provides a new method and design idea for wearable remote arrhythmia monitoring and auxiliary diagnosis.

Tugas akhir ini dirancang untuk alat pengaman gudang dengan menggunakan komunikasi LoRa gateway. Tujuan dari perancangan ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan keamanan pada gudang upaya meminimalisir tindakan pencurian serta dampak dari pencurian. Dalam perancangan tugas akhir ini terdapat dua bagian sangat penting sebagai jalur komunikasi utama yaitu node sensor dan gateway. Pada bagian node sensor terdapat beberapa komponen yang terdiri dari Sensor Magnet, Arduino Uno, Buzzer dan LoRa. Sensor magnet bertugas untuk mendeteksi keadaan pintu terbuka atau tertutup. Arduino bertugas sebagai otak untuk menjalankan kode program. Buzzer berfungsi sebagai alarm peringatan saat pintu gudang terbuka. Pentransmisian data antara node dengan gateway menggunakan komunikasi LoRa. Pada bagian gateway terdapat LoRa dan Esp32, Esp32 bertugas untuk mengolah data yang diterima serta menjembatani transmisi LoRa untuk terhubung dengan server blynk dengan menggunakan jaringan internet. Setelah itu data dari node sensor ditampilkan pada aplikasi blynk dan menerima laporan keadaan gudang dari jarak jauh serta buzzer pada gudang akan berbunyi. Pada aplikasi blynk bisa memberi perintah menghidupkan dan mematikan sistem alat dan alarm dari jarak jauh. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan, setiap komponen dapat berfungsi dengan. Pengujian pada kondisi Los dan NLoS, transceiver dapat berkomunikasi melalui LoRa dan sampai ke aplikasi blynk dengan tepat sesuai dengan rancangan awal alat. Untuk pengujian LoRa dengan kondisi LoS memiliki batas kemampuan pengiriman pada jarak dibawah 600 m dan NLoS dibawah jarak 200 m.

Penyandang disabilitas dan orang tua lansia sering mengalami kesulitan dalam melakukan aktivitas seperti manusia pada umumnya. Dalam kondisi seperti ini diperlukan alat yang dapat memanggil perawat untuk meminta bantuan hanya dengan gerakan tangan. Selain itu, denyut nadi dan suhu tubuh juga perlu dipantau setiap saat oleh perawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang alat untuk mengklasifikasikan lima gerakan tangan menggunakan metode machine learning dengan algoritma Artificial Neural Network (ANN) dari platform Edge Impulse. Implementasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan ESP32, sensor akselerometer, sensor suhu tubuh dan sensor denyut nadi. Semua data hasil klasifikasi, pembacaan suhu tubuh dan denyut nadi dikirimkan ke aplikasi Android, yang memungkinkan perawat mengetahui panggilan dari gerakan tangan dan memantau kondisi denyut nadi dan suhu tubuh pengguna alat. Algoritma ANN pada Edge Impulse mencapai akurasi pengenalan gerakan tangan sebesar 99,9%. Berdasarkan pengujian oleh lima responden, gerakan tangan "circle" memiliki tingkat keberhasilan tertinggi sebesar 94%, sedangkan gerakan tangan "stand" memiliki tingkat keberhasilan paling rendah sebesar 72%. Serta didapatkan rata-rata error pengukuran suhu tubuh sebesar 1,58% dan rata-rata error pengukuran denyut nadi sebesar 8,43%.

Urban farming has gained popularity in recent years, as more people have become interested in locally grown food and reducing their carbon footprint. Smart hydroponic systems can be an important tool for urban farming as they allow for precise control over plant growth and require less space and resources than traditional farming methods. Urban areas often lack access to land suitable for farming, making hydroponic systems a viable option for growing crops in limited space. Readily available hydroponic systems in the market are costly and not cost effective, thus hydroponic systems are usually only installed in larger scale farming. The challenge here is to connect multiple low-cost sensors to microcontrollers and to any store-bought hydroponic set. This paper describes the development of smart Internet of Things (IoT) hydroponic system integrated with an Android mobile application for small scale urban farming.The new set up of IoT hydroponic set, coined as SMART GROW, is used to monitor and control various aspects of the system based on the basic parameters important in growing a healthy plant. The challenges faced during this build were irregular reading of the analog sensor when connected to a single board microcontroller (ESP32). This issue was resolved. SMART GROW currently is capable of monitoring basic parameters such as pH, EC and water level and can cater to additional sensors for monitoring other parameters if required. SMART GROW can easily be replicated and built at home and customized to the needs of the plant’s requirement. SMART GROW is versatile as it can be used to grow a wide variety of plants, including herbs, vegetables, and fruits, and offers several benefits over traditional soil-based growing methods such as automated regulation of the water level.

In recent years, inexpensive and easy to use robotics platforms have been incorporated into middle school, high school, and college educational curricula and competitions all over the world. Students have access to advanced microprocessors and sensor systems that engage, educate, and encourage their creativity. In this study, the capabilities of the widely available VEX Robotics System are extended using the wireless ESP-NOW protocol to allow for real-time data logging and to extend the computational capabilities of the system. Specifically, this study presents an open source system that interfaces a VEX V5 microprocessor, an OpenMV camera, and a computer. Images from OpenMV are sent to a computer where object detection algorithms can be run and instructions sent to the VEX V5 microprocessor while system data and sensor readings are sent from the VEX V5 microprocessor to the computer. System performance was evaluated as a function of distance between transmitter and receiver, data packet round trip timing, and object detection using YoloV8. Three sample applications are detailed including the evaluation of a vision-based object sorting machine, a drivetrain trajectory analysis, and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm tuning experiment. It was concluded that the system is well suited for real time object detection tasks and could play an important role in improving robotics education.

Baterai merupakan sebuah alat yang dapat mengubah energi kimia yang disimpannya menjadi energi Listrik yang kemudian akan digunakan oleh suatu perangkat Elektronik, baterai pada mobil listrik yang digunakan berbagai macam. Diperlukan kontrol dan monitor secara tepat untuk menjadikan manajemen baterai yang sesuai.Oleh karena itu peneliti merancang sistem pemantauan pada manajemen baterai berbasis telegram saat proses pengisian,data yang akan dimonitoring pada baterai adalah suhu, arus dan tegangan, serta presentase baterai, lalu data tersebut akan dikirim menuju mikrokontroler (ESP32) dan ditampilkan pada lcd dan telegram bot secara realtime melaui internet ,sensor yang digunakan untuk pemantauan ini adalah sensor MLX90614 dan sensor INA219, modul relay digunakan untuk mengaktifkan dan menonaktifkan proses charge melalui kontrol telegram bot,dengan begitu kondisi baterai dapat dengan mudah dipantau dan dikontrol dan membuat baterai lebih tahan lama.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah telah dibuatnya sistem monitoring pada baterai dengan pengujian pada jarak 18 km, hasil pembacaan sensor memiliki akurasi hingga 98 % dan jeda waktu dari pengiriman telegram bot dan lcd display adalah 1 detik.

Student attendance is one of the reporting activities that exist in educational institutions. The problem that occurs in educational institutions is that when entering the lecture, many students are late and often absent, which can cause discipline where students often do absenteeism, so lecturers cannot know the number of students who attend accurately. From these problems, a solution is needed to help lecturers recapitulate attendance data. This system uses ESP32 as a data manager, RFID for data reading, and ESP32 to validate student attendance by taking pictures of faces. The data is stored on the web server using ESP32CAM to cover the shortcomings of RFID, which is still card-based, so that it can emphasize the flaws. To simplify the attendance in this study, utilizing the website as an interface to facilitate lecturers in knowing the number of students who are present, late, or absent more efficiently and accurately

The Internet of Things is a technology that applied in the field of healthcare, especially elderly patients, and allows patients to be tracked without the need for direct physical interaction with patients. Diseases and other consequences can be recognized early, especially those who are more likely to have a disorder in their physiological data. It is critically necessary to create new approaches and technology in order to improve health care for the aged population at a price that is more cheap and in a form that is simpler to use. In addition, patients and members of their families get a sense of peace when they are aware that they are being observed and will be assisted in the event that any complications emerge. This study uses a literature review to explore the ideas behind healthcare system components, in addition this study examines the characteristics, requirements, and definitions of internet of things. The primary purpose of this study is to introduce the reader to the various sensors and other healthcare system components utilised for the purpose of monitoring the elderly. However, this work will help future researchers who desire to do study in this field of healthcare systems and assist efficient knowledge acquisition by providing a solid foundation.

Sleep apnea, characterized by breathing interruptions or slow breathing at night, can cause various health issues. Detecting respiratory rate (RR) using Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) can identify sleep disorders without physical contact avoiding sleep disruption. However, traditional methods using Network Interface Cards (NICs) like the Intel Wi-Fi Link 5300 NIC are often costly and limited in channel state information (CSI) resolution. Our study introduces an effective strategy using the affordable ESP32 single-board computer for tracking RR through detailed analysis of Wi-Fi signal CSI. We developed a technique correlating Wi-Fi signal fluctuations with RR, employing signal processing methods—Hampel Filtering, Gaussian Filtering, Linear Interpolation, and Butterworth Low Pass Filtering—to accurately extract relevant signals. Additionally, noise from external movements is mitigated using a Z-Score for anomaly detection approach. We also implemented a local peak function to count peaks within an interval, scaling it to bpm for RR identification. RR measurements were conducted at different rates—Normal (12–16 bpm), Fast (>16 bpm), and Slow (

Agriculture, or farming, is the science of cultivating the soil, growing crops, and raising livestock. Ever since the days of the first plow from sticks over ten thousand years ago, agriculture has always depended on technology. As technology and science improved, so did the scale at which farming was possible. With the popularity and growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) in recent years, there are even more avenues for technology to make agriculture more efficient and help farmers in every nation. In this paper, we designed a smart IoT-enabled drip irrigation system using ESP32 to automate the irrigation process, and we tested it. The ESP32 communicates with the Blynk app, which is used to collect irrigation data, manually water the plants, switch off the automatic watering function, and plot graphs based on the readings of the sensors. We connected the ESP32 to a soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor, air humidity sensor, and water flow sensor. The ESP32 regularly checks if the soil is dry. If the soil is dry and the soil temperature is appropriate for watering, the ESP32 opens a solenoid valve and waters the plants. The amount of time to run the drip irrigation system is determined based on the flow rate measured by the water flow sensor. The ESP32 reads the humidity sensor values and notifies the user when the humidity is too high or too low. The user can switch off the automatic watering system according to the humidity value. In both primary and field tests, we found that the system ran well and was able to grow green onions.

According to the Air Quality Live Index (AQLI), Indonesia's air quality has continued to deteriorate in the last two decades, so Indonesia is officially ranked 17th as the country with the worst air quality in the world. This is due to the population explosion in Indonesia causing industrial activity to also increase. The high levels of exhaust emissions in vehicles, of course, requires the need for technology to measure vehicle exhaust gases to reduce the impact of air pollution. However, the procurement of exhaust emission test equipment is still expensive, so only certain class workshops have this tool. In addition, the reading results of the vehicle's OBD (On Board Diagnostic) system are only able to display the condition or reading value of the Lambda sensor because other gas sensors readings such as CO2, HC, and CO cannot be displayed on the OBD reading results. The purpose of this study is to describe the design of the tool and the results of measuring CO and HC levels through the Blynk application. Research methods that use several gas sensors, such as MQ-7 and TGS-2602 (CO gas) and MQ-2 and TGS-2611 (HC gas), are then compared with the measurement results of a standard gas analyzer. The results showed that the MQ-7 value is close to the accuracy at 1000 rpm and 5000 rpm, namely 99.68% and 99.49%, while the level of accuracy at 3000 rpm is 99.37%. The TGS-2602 sensor at 1000 rpm only has the best accuracy and accuracy, namely 99.67% and 99.77%. The level of accuracy of the MQ-2 sensor has the best value at 1000 rpm rotation, which is 95.71% and the level of accuracy has the highest value at 7000 rpm rotation, which is 100%. For the level of accuracy of the TGS-2611 sensor, it has an accuracy level of 1000 rpm rotation of 94.65% and the level of accuracy of the sensor obtains very good values ​​at 1000 rpm, 7000 rpm, and 9000 rpm rotation of 100%.

Presensi merupakan sistem yang digunakan untuk merekap data kehadiran disuatu perusahaan untuk mengetahui tingkat kedisiplinan dan kehadiran dari anggota di suatu instansi/perusahaan. Contoh alat yang digunakan untuk presensi adalah finger print, yang mana proses pengambilan datanya menggunakan sidik jari, namun masih ditemukan kelemahan dari alat tersebut. Upaya untuk mengatasi kelemahan ini adalah dengan membuat alat presensi yang menggunakan NFC (Near Field Communication) Reader. NFC menggunakan e-KTP dalam pendataan kehadirannya dengan cara sederhana menempelkan e-KTP (input) pada alat. Tujuan pembuatan alat presensi menggunakan NFC reader berbasis ESP32 adalah mengetahui tingkat ketepatan kehadiran user dengan memanfaatkan web server (Internet of Thing) sebagai database dan monitoring sistem pada alat presensi. Pengujian sistem presensi dilakukan selama 6 hari dalam kondisi jaringan internet yang berbeda dengan membandingkan data serial monitor dan data kehadiran pada web, didapatkan rata-rata waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk alat mampu mengirimkan data menuju web adalah 2 detik, sehingga alat dikatakan mampu bekerja secara konsisten dan diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi dari permasalahan dalam pendataan kehadiran. Sistem presensi yang dibuat akan lebih efektif bekerja jika perancang selanjutnya mampu menambahakan komponen untuk pendaftaran anggota (e-KTP) guna meningkatkan efektifitas pada alat.

This work describes the design and implementation of the hardware and software of a data acquisition and processing system for a meteorological station. The system hardware is based on the ESP32 from Espressif Systems and a series of low-cost commercial modules to supply the RTC (real time clock) functionalities, Ethernet connection, internal storage and RS485 connection. Taking advantage of the availability of Wi-Fi embedded in the ESP32, the system communicates with a personal computer, where a custom-made software allows to make adjustments to the system and to graphically visualize the data. The results obtained allowed to put into operation the meteorological station WS501-UMB of the Lufft company, which lacked the data logger; at present, the system is being used by the Cuban Agricultural Engineering Institute (Instituto de Ingeniería Agrícola de Cuba, IAgric).

ABSTRAK Situ Tekno yang berada di Universitas Telkom Bandung merupakan danau buatan dengan luas 5,788.51 m². Danau ini belum memiliki sistem pengukuran dan pemantauan kualitas air untuk menghindari terjadinya pencemaran. Pada penelitian ini telah diimplementasikan sebuah sistem pengukuran untuk mengetahui kualitas air menggunakan wahana permukaan otonom yang dikendalikan oleh ESP32 dan dilengkapi dengan sensor pengukuran yaitu sensor suhu, pH, kekeruhan dan oksigen terlarut. Data pengukuran kemudian ditampilkan pada platform IoT Blynk. Dari pengujian yang dilakukan, Oksigen terlarut di beberapa titik di Situ Tekno adalah 5 ppm hingga 8 ppm, pH sebesar 7 hingga 9, kekeruhan sebesar 207 hingga 427 NTU dan suhu air danau adalah 17°C hingga 20°C. Dari hasil pengukuran tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas air pada Situ Tekno dapat memenuhi standar kelayakan air danau dari Pemerintah Indonesia. Sistem ini dapat mengukur kualitas air danau di beberapa titik untuk pemantauan secara berkala secara waktu-nyata. Kata kunci: Wahana Permukaan Otonom, ESP32, Kualitas Air, Situ Tekno, Blynk  ABSTRACT Situ Tekno located at Telkom University Bandung is an artificial lake which is its area are 5,788.51 m². This lake does not yet have a water quality measurement and monitoring system to avoid pollution. In this study, a measurement system has been implemented to determine water quality at Situ Tekno using an autonomous surface vehicle controlled by ESP32 and equipped with measurement sensors, such as temperature, pH, Turbidity and dissolved oxygen sensors. Data then displayed on the Blynk IoT platform. From the tests carried out, the dissolved oxygen at several points in Situ Tekno was 5 to 8 ppm, pH of 7 to 9, turbidity of 207 to 427 NTU and water temperature of 17 to 20 ° C. From the results, it can be concluded that the water quality in Situ Tekno can meet the standards of lake water from the Government of Indonesia. The system can measure lake water quality at multiple points for periodic monitoring in real-time. Keywords: Autonomous Surface Vehicle, ESP32, Water Quality, Situ Tekno, Blynk

ABSTRAK Permasalah bagi penggiat berkebun bertempat tinggal diperkotaan terkendala oleh kesibukan lain. Maka dari itu tujuan dari penelitian ini dikembangkannya sistem IOT dan aplikasi Android untuk memonitoring hidroponik tanaman pakcoy secara indoor. HOPONIC (Home Pot Hidroponic) merupakan prototipe sistem monitoring hidroponik dengan metode wick yang berlokasi di dalam ruangan atau indoor, dan aplikasi Android yang dikembangkan dengan menggunakan framework Flutter. Notifikasi aplikasi Android memberitahu perubahan pH, suhu, ketinggian, dan larutan nutrisi oleh sistem HOPONIC. Persentase keberhasilan dari pembacaan nilai node sensor pada sistem HOPONIC adalah pH 96,09%, kadar larutan nutrisi 97,11%, suhu 91,68%, ketinggian atau debit 99,84%, intensitas cahaya 88,17%. Dengan HOPONIC pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman sayur pakcoy lebih unggul sebesar 0,43 cm, sedangkan untuk pertumbuhan daun tanaman pakoy lebih unggul dengan menggunakan HOPONIC sebesar 1,7 Lembar Daun. Kata kunci: IoT, Hidroponik, Pakcoy, Arduino, ESP32 Â ABSTRACT The problem for gardening activists living in urban areas is that they are hampered by other activities. Therefore, this research aims to develop an IoT system and Android application for indoor hydroponic monitoring of pakcoy plants. HOPONIC (Home Pot Hydroponic) is a prototype hydroponic monitoring system with a wick method located indoors, and an Android application developed using the Flutter framework. Android application notifications notify changes in pH, temperature, altitude, and nutrient solution by the HOPONIC system. The percentage of successful reading of sensor node values in the HOPONIC system is pH 96.09%, nutrient solution content 97.11%, temperature 91.68%, height or discharge 99.84%, and light intensity 88.17%. With HOPONIC, the height growth of Pakcoy vegetable plants is superior at 0.43 cm, while for leaf growth, Pakoy plants are superior when using HOPONIC at 1.7 leaves. Keywords: IoT, Hydroponics, Pakcoy, Arduino, ESP32

This paper presents the design and construction of a hydroponics monitoring system that can collect parameters of hydroponic systems, such as temperature, water limit, pH level, and nutrient levels. The monitoring system was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller and several sensors, including total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, water level, and temperature sensors. The ESP32 microcontroller gathers and processes data from the sensors to automatically activate the water or salt pump and drain the necessary materials into the hydroponic system's plant basin. The user can then view the hydroponic parameters through the Blynk application on a smartphone. The user can also activate the pumps for water, nutrients, or salt using the application's interface on a smartphone, or the ESP32 microcontroller can activate them automatically if the parameter values deviate from the required values. The monitoring hydroponics system and IoT interface were successfully built and implemented. The experiments were compiled, and the data gathered and discussed. • An ESP32 microcontroller with TDS, pH, water level, and temperature sensors was used to build the hydroponic monitoring system. • The ESP32 automatically collects and evaluates sensor data in order to drain water nutrients, or salt into the plant basin of the hydroponic system as necessary. • The user can also check the parameters of the hydroponic system and, if necessary, run the pumps for water, fertilizers, or salt using his smartphone through the Blynk IoT app.

Penelitian ini menyajikan halaman web yang berisi video tangkapan dari kamera. Dimana kamera yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah modul kamera mikrokontroler Esp32. Pengontrolan kamera Esp32 digunakan controller berupa NodeMCU Esp32. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji kemampuan kamera Esp32 dalam mendeteksi suatu objek. Kamera Esp32 dan NodeMCU Esp32 diprogram menggunakan editor Arduino IDE. Hasil pengujian yang dihasilkan berupa tampilan video pada halaman web, dimana alamat web didapatkan dari serial monitor pada editor Arduino IDE. Untuk mengakses halaman web menggunakan jaringan wireless yang sama dengan jaringan yang digunakan pada NodeMCU Esp32, halaman web hanya dapat diakses oleh satu orang. Selama proses pengujian dilakukan dengan memberi variasi jarak antara objek dan kamera kemudian diberi suatu objek penghalang atau objek pengganggu. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan bahwa kamera dapat mendeteksi objek dengan jarak paling jauh 150 cm dalam pengujian yang dilakukan, sedangkan saat objek sekitar 30 cm didepan kamera, didapat hasil pada tampilan video bahwa objek tidak dapat terdeteksi.

Pada era revolusi industri 4.0 saat ini, industri akan memasuki dunia virtual serta penggunaan mesin-mesin automasi yang terintegrasi dengan internet sehingga efek yang ditimbulkan dari penerapan teknologi ini adalah meningkatnya efisiensi produksi dan terjadi peningkatan produktivitas serta daya saing. Pada bidang olahraga tenis lapangan, teknologi automasi yang terintegrasi dengan internet ini belum banyak diterapkan. Salah satu penggunaan teknologi yang terintegrasi dengan internet ini dapat diaplikasikan kedalam sebuah alat pelontar bola tenis lapangan sehingga memudahkan atlet dan pelatih tenis lapangan dalam berlatih. Dalam penelitian ini, merancang sebuah robot pelontar bola tenis lapangan berbasis Internet of Thing (IoT) yang bertujuan untuk memberikan kemudahan dan efisiensi untuk para atlet dan pelatih dalam berlatih. Pembuatan alat ini terdiri dari perangkat keras seperti Arduino Mega2560, ESP32, motor DC, driver BTS7960, display LCD 16x2, I2C, sensor IR, selonoid, sensor ultrasonik, push button, dan joystick modul. Adapun perangkat lunak (software) yang digunakan yaitu Arduino IDE dan Blynk. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah alat ini dapat digunakan dengan beberapa jenis permainan dan dapat dikendalikan secara wireless melalui jaringan internet yang dapat dioperasikan pada smarthphone.

En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo de un robot de cables para la limpieza de fachadas de edificios. El sistema está compuesto por una cesta con rodillo escamoteable, sistema pulverizador de agua y escurridor. La cesta está suspendida mediante dos grúas motorizadas que permiten posicionar la cesta en cualquier ubicación de una fachada. El sistema está programado sobre tres controladores Esp32 que se comunican de forma inalámbrica mediante protocolo ESPNOW. El manejo se realiza mediante un mando a distancia que permite el movimiento y accionamiento de la cesta de forma manual y programar trayectorias mediante comandos Gcode

The use of wireless technology in the field of instrumentation is rapidly expanding due to many reasons such as lower installation and commissioning cost than those incurred by wired technologies and a higher level of security provided by authenticated encrypted data transaction, in addition to a decreased level of system complicity, manifested in eliminating or limiting the need for cabling or its accessories. This article will discuss a proposed technique to perform authenticated wireless WiFi data transmission from multiple sensors to the control station depending on a laboratory stand for the purpose of analysing the principle of coexistence between wireless technologies dedicated to industrial automation, such as wireless HART, and general purpose technologies, such as WiFi and Bluetooth Low Energy BLE.

Efficient and accurate river water quality monitoring is needed to support laboratory testing based on on-site sampling. Therefore, we have developed a monitoring system for river flow and water quality using sensor-equipped buoys and the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. An ESP32 NodeMCU microcontroller integrated with WiFi and compatible with Arduino IDE is used in the system. The buoy is equipped with GPS to determine the position and flow speed and sensors to measure water quality parameters of pH and temperature. Data on position, flow velocity, and water quality parameters are transmitted over a WiFi network using the MQTT protocol. The data is recorded by the buoy and uploaded and displayed on the adafruit.io platform. Positioning was done by comparing the values displayed on the Neo-6M GPS with the Maps application on the smartphone. The results show that the GPS coordinate values are accurate. The water quality parameter values obtained have an error rate of 3.3% for the pH sensor and 1.02% for the temperature sensor. Thus, the system we have developed has the potential to be used as a substitute for field sampling-based river water quality monitoring systems.

Ruangan yang bersih adalah ruangan yang sehat. Sebuah ruangan perlu dijaga. Sebuah ruangan perlu dijaga kebersihannya dari debu, sampah bahkan udara kotor dengan menyediakan sistem sirkulasi udara yang baik. Untuk mengurangi pencemaran udara pada ruangan yang berasal dari asap rokok, pembakaran dan lain-lain. Maka dirancang sebuah alat yaitu alat monitoring kualitas udara pada ruangan dengan sistem internet of things (IoT). Alat ini berfungsi untuk mengetahui kadar kontaminasi gas CO dan CO2 di dalam ruangan dan memberi pemeritahuan apabila kadar gas sudah melebihi ambang batas aman yang sudah ditentukan. Alat ini menggunakan ESP32 yang dilengkapi dengan modul wifi sebagai pusat kontrol. Pada bagian input alat dilengkapi dengan sensor MQ-7 untuk mendeteksi kadar karbon monoksida, sensor MQ-135 sebagai pendeteksi kadar karbon dioksida. Alat ini juga menggunakan LCD dan bot telegram sebagai output penampil hasil pengukuran. Bot telegram berfungsi sebagai pemberitahuan apabila kadar gas sudah melebihi ambang batas aman yang sudah ditentukan. Pengukuran secara otomatis akan menampilkan hasil data pengukuran pada LCD.

In the human activity recognition (HAR) application domain, the use of deep learning (DL) algorithms for feature extractions and training purposes delivers significant performance improvements with respect to the use of traditional machine learning (ML) algorithms. However, this comes at the expense of more complex and demanding models, making harder their deployment on constrained devices traditionally involved in the HAR process. The efficiency of DL deployment is thus yet to be explored. We thoroughly investigated the application of TensorFlow Lite simple conversion, dynamic, and full integer quantization compression techniques. We applied those techniques not only to convolutional neural networks (CNNs), but also to long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and a combined version of CNN and LSTM. We also considered two use case scenarios, namely cascading compression and stand-alone compression mode. This paper reports the feasibility of deploying deep networks onto an ESP32 device, and how TensorFlow compression techniques impact classification accuracy, energy consumption, and inference latency. Results show that in the cascading case, it is not possible to carry out the performance characterization. Whereas in the stand-alone case, dynamic quantization is recommended because yields a negligible loss of accuracy. In terms of power efficiency, both dynamic and full integer quantization provide high energy saving with respect to the uncompressed models: between 31% and 37% for CNN networks, and up to 45% for LSTM networks. In terms of inference latency, dynamic and full integer quantization provide comparable performance.

The idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) is utilized to increase the advantages of internet connectivity. As long as the electrical device is still connected to the internet, IoT can be utilized to operate it. This study applies the concept of IoT as a fan control and monitoring of the humidity and room temperature through a mobile-based application, so that the room can be controlled remotely using a smartphone before use. It is necessary to always keep the room comfortable to use, so that users can increase productivity and always avoid potential disease attacks when the temperature is unstable. In addition, the IoT concept also makes it easier to turn off the fan if at any time you forget to turn it off. This fan is integrated with the ESP32 microcontroller which has been equipped with a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) module to access data changes in the Firebase Realtime Database. Room temperature and humidity are measured with a DHT22 sensor and processed using Tsukamoto’s Fuzzy Inference System to produce the appropriate fan speed in the Duty Cycle unit. Tools and applications can work as predicted based on the findings of the research conducted. However, the impact of the fan on a closed room cannot cool the room temperature but the room temperature moves up with a change of 0.3 °C to 0.5 °C within 40–75 minutes. Therefore, in the next study it is recommended to use cooling devices such as Exhaust fans or Air Conditioners.

Toluene is one type of organic solvent that is widely used in industry. Organic solvents can have a negative impact on health when exposed to the human body through inhalation (breathing), digestion (swallowing) and adsorption (skin contact). This compound is widely used as a basic material for solvents, dyes, paints, resins, perfumes, nail polish, gasoline, glue, solvent thinner, immersion ink, and printing. The impact on each human will vary depending on the concentration, duration and toxicity of the solvent. The effects of exposure are generally long-term and short-term. Short-term effects include respiratory complaints and eye irritation in exposed humans. An ESP32 microcontroller, HCHO sensor, and DHT11 sensor were used in this study to construct a system to lessen the effects of toluene exposure on workshop personnel. Temperature and humidity sensors picked up by DHT11 have an average value for each node. Each node's average value for the temperature and humidity sensors detected by DHT11 is available. The average error value is categorized as accurate and good for nodes A and B, which are separated by 2 meters and 4 meters, respectively. Due to the DHT11's error rates, the temperature range is 20C and the humidity range is 5% RH.

Cooking oil that is used repeatedly is called cooking oil. Due to the very high price of cooking oil, people still use used cooking oil for daily cooking, even though it is very dangerous for health and can cause a number of diseases, such as stroke, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and cancer. Parameters that are quite important to determine the quality of used cooking oil based on Indonesian quality standards of cooking oil are color parameters, pH, free fatty acid levels and turbidity. These four parameters need to be emphasized so that people can know and control the quality of used cooking oil that is suitable for reuse. In this research, a tool is made that can determine the quality of used cooking oil based on the parameters of color, pH, free fatty acid content and turbidity. The detector is equipped with a TCS3200 sensor to detect color, a pH sensor to detect pH, a conductivity sensor to detect free fatty acid levels and a turbidity sensor to detect turbidity in used cooking oil. For data transmission, the ESP32 module is used and the output data can be viewed and monitored via a 16x2 LCD and a website on a smartphone or computer. The system created has a good quality of information delivery and successful data transmission when testing delay and packet loss. The success rate of sending data from ESP32 to the Webserver is 92.4% and the average delay in sending data is 0.0025 ms.

Peningkatan kualitas suatu alat dibidang industri sangat diperlukan dalam menilai keakuratan dan efisiensi suatu produk. Salah satu bidang industri yang membutuhkan sistem pengontrolan dan monitoring adalah tempat penampungan air. Sistem ini sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui kondisi ketinggian air. Umumnya pengguna dalam melakukan pengisian dan pemantauan air hanya memanfaatkan mesin pompa yang dikendalikan secara manual. Permasalahan tersebut membutuhkan waktu yang lama, terjadi pemborosan daya listrik, air, dan dapat menimbulkan korsleting listrik yang disebabkan oleh air meluap dari penampungan. Untuk meningkatkan keamanan dan efisiensi waktu diperlukan suatu rancangan teknologi yang dapat mengontrol dan memonitor ketinggian air secara realtime. Modul yang digunakan dalam mengontrol batas maksimal ketinggian air menggunakan arduino uno. Sedangkan untuk memonitor kondisi ketinggian air menggunakan modul ESP32. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu pengguna dalam mengontrol dan memonitor kondisi ketinggian air melalui smartphone. Rancangan ini dapat meminimalisir terjadinya pemborosan air, daya listrik, dan kebakaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rancangan bekerja dengan optimal dengan tingkat akurasi 98,96%

En los últimos tiempos, ha habido un gran interés por las aplicaciones de IoT. A su vez, su desarrollo ha sido delineado por requerimientos específicos, como la eficiencia energética. Dado el contexto mundial de cambio climático, es importante que las nuevas tecnologías ayuden a reducir la huella de carbono. En este sentido, las interfaces de programación de aplicaciones WEB (APIs WEB) se presentan como una solución para la conectividad de los dispositivos IoT. Este estudio analiza como varía el consumo de energía de las baterías en las aplicaciones de IoT que utilizan servicios de APIs WEB, así como los factores que influyen en la reducción del consumo de energía.

Some years ago, articles and commercial products started using ESP32 as its core. This tendency has helped cyber-physic systems to start evolving into more complex models. Among them, one can quote those used in distributed computing models. Nevertheless, those kinds of systems face the difficulties of software development and also the uncertainty caused by the use of new technologies. In this article one can read the experience of developing a system capable of collecting environmental variables integrated to decentralized network. The objectives proposed in this article are: to develop a proof of concept where one can see the problems that may appear when integrating a project of this nature with a decentralized network; to use different open-source technologies that are enabled for decentralized environments and to analyse the viability for productive developments.

Berenang merupakan kegiatan yang digemari masyarakat. Namun tanpa disadari, beberapa kolam renang memiki kualitas air yang tidak cukup bagus sehingga menjadi media penularan berbagai penyakit dalam air. Pengawasan kualitas air kolam renang merupakan upaya sanitasi yaitu dengan memberikan cairan kaporit untuk mereduksi zat organik dan sebagai desinfeksi terhadap mikroorganisme. Dengan adanya hal tersebut penulis melakukan penelitian mengenai sistem telemonitoring kekeruhan dan pH air terhadap pengurasan serta pemberian kaporit otomatis dalam kolam renang berbasis smartphone. Sistem diaplikasikan pada miniature kolam renang yang terdiri dari empat sensor yaitu sensor pH, sensor turbidity, sensor ultrasonik, sensor waterflow, keempat sensor akan mengirimkan data ke ESP32 untuk diproses sesuai sistem yang dibuat. Setelah ESP32 selesai melakukan pemrosesan kemudian dikirimkan pada firebase dan aplikasi pada smartphone untuk mempermudah monitoring dan kontroling air. Hasil pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem dirancang menggunakan ESP32 sebagai mikrokontroler akan memproses hasil data dari sensor pH, sensor turbidity, sensor waterflow dan sensor ultrasonik. Kemudian hasil data pH memiliki nilai pH paling tinggi yaitu 7,9 dan terendah 6,9. Selanjutnya hasil data sensor turbidity memilki nilai 0 NTU dengan ADC tertinggi 3827. Pengurasan secara otomatis dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu sebagai monitoring dan kontroling. Selanjutnya untuk kualitas jaringan WiFi yang diuji menggunakan Wireshark ketika melakukan proses pengiriman data dari segi delay memiliki nilai rata-rata 0.188389435, packet loss 1.178 dan throughput 7428 Kb/s.

Sepeda listrik kini telah beredar cukup banyak di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, rata-rata sepeda listrik yang dijual saat ini belum terintegrasi dengan smartphone, sehingga belum mampu dipantau dan dikendalikan dari jarak jauh. Pada makalah ini dikembangkan sistem pemantauan dan pengendalian sepeda listrik berbasis internet of things (IoT). Mikrokontroler berbasis ESP32 digunakan sebagai perangkat IoT: untuk mengukur jarak tempuh menggunakan sensor GPS dengan menerapkan metode Haversine, mengukur kecepatan sepeda, merancang sistem keamanan sepeda, dan merancang sistem pengukuran kalori saat sepeda dikayuh. Modul SIM800L digunakan sebagai perangkat komunikasi. Modul ini mampu melakukan komunikasi internet melalui jaringan 2G. Controller sepeda listrik dimodifikasi agar dapat terintegrasi dengan ESP32, sedangkan sebagai penggerak sepeda listrik, digunakan motor tipe BLDC dengan tegangan 36 V. Raspberry Pi digunakan sebagai server web penyimpan dan pengolah data, sedangkan perhitungan kalori terbakar dilakukan menggunakan metode metabolic equivalent of task (MET). Proses pemantauan dan pengendalian sepeda listrik dilakukan dengan membangun aplikasi berbasis smartphone Android dengan menggunakan aplikasi Kodular, dengan fitur layanan peta yang digunakan berbasis OpenStreetMap. Aplikasi ini mampu menyalakan dan mematikan sepeda listrik dari jarak jauh, mengatur posisi gear kecepatan, mengatur kecepatan, menyalakan alarm, melacak lokasi terakhir, melakukan pelacakan riwayat lokasi, dan melakukan pengukuran kalori. Proses pengendalian tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menekan tombol dan menggunakan perintah suara dalam bahasa Indonesia. Aplikasi ini telah diuji coba dengan metode black box dengan hasil 100% berhasil dengan delay waktu sebesar 8,82 s. Pengukuran kalori memiliki akurasi 94,24% dibandingkan dengan peralatan pengukur kalori yang berada di pasaran. Pengendalian kecepatan dapat dilakukan secara linear dengan R2 sebesar 0,9984.

A low-power long-term ambulatory ECG monitor was developed for the acquisition, storage and processing of three simultaneous leads DI, aVF and V2 with a beat-to-beat heart rate measurement in real time. It provides long-term continuous ECG recordings until 84 h. The monitor uses a QRS complex detection algorithm based on the continuous wavelet transform with splines, which automatically selects the scale for the analysis of ECG records with different sampling frequencies. It includes a lead-off detection to continuously monitor the electrode connections and a real-time system of visual and acoustic alarms to alert users of abnormal conditions in its operation. The monitor presented is based in an ADS1294 analogue front end with four channels, 24-bit analog-to-digital converters and programmable gain amplifiers, a low-power dual-core ESP32 microcontroller, a microSD memory for data storage in a range of 4 GB to 32 GB and a 1.4 in thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (LCD) variant with a resolution of 128 × 128 pixels. It has programmable sampling rates of 250, 500 and 1000 Hz; a bandwidth of 0 Hz to 50% of the selected sampling rate; a CMRR of −105 dB; an input margin of ±2.4 V; a resolution of 286 nV; and a current consumption of 50 mA for an average battery life of 84 h. The ambulatory ECG monitor was evaluated with the commercial data-acquisition system BIOPAC MP36 and its module for ECG LABEL SS2LB, simultaneously comparing the morphologies of two ECG records and obtaining a correlation of 91.78%. For the QRS detection in real time, the implemented algorithm had an error less than 5%. The developed ambulatory ECG monitor can be used for the analysis of the dynamics of the heart rate variability in long-term ECG records and for the development of one’s own databases of ECG recordings of normal subjects and patients with cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases.

Developing a low-cost wireless energy meter with power quality measurements for smart grid applications represents a significant advance in efficient and accurate electric energy monitoring. In increasingly complex and interconnected electric systems, this device will be essential for a wide range of applications, such as smart grids, by introducing a real-time energy monitoring system. In light of this, smart meters can offer greater opportunities for sustainable and efficient energy use and improve the utilization of energy sources, especially those that are nonrenewable. According to the 2020 International Energy Agency (IEA) report, nonrenewable energy sources represent 65% of the global supply chain. The smart meter developed in this work is based on the ESP32 microcontroller and easily accessible components since it includes a user-friendly development platform that offers a cost-effective solution while ensuring reliable performance. The main objective of developing the smart meters was to enhance the software and simplify the hardware. Unlike traditional meters that calculate electrical parameters by means of complex circuits in hardware, this project performed the calculations directly on the microcontroller. This procedure reduced the complexity of the hardware by simplifying the meter design. Owing to the high-performance processing capability of the microcontroller, efficient and accurate calculations of electrical parameters could be achieved without the need for additional circuits. This software-driven approach with simplified hardware led to benefits, such as reduced production costs, lower energy consumption, and a meter with improved accuracy, as well as updates on flexibility. Furthermore, the integrated wireless connectivity in the microcontroller enables the collected data to be transmitted to remote monitoring systems for later analysis. The innovative feature of this smart meter lies in the fact that it has readily available components, along with the ESP32 chip, which results in a low-cost smart meter with performance that is comparable to other meters available on the market. Moreover, it is has the capacity to incorporate IoT and artificial intelligence applications. The developed smart meter is cost effective and energy efficient, and offers benefits with regard to flexibility, and thus represents an innovative, efficient, and versatile solution for smart grid applications.

The modular design idea was used to abstract the logic of IoT nodes, and the function and control logic of nodes were divided into atoms, the atomic modules can be freely combined and deployed according to different application, they support single system and distributed system deployment, and were pluggable and easy to expand, meet the diversified design needs of IoT applications.The design and implementation of lightweight IoT node management software based on this idea were described in detail.The test results show that the software only needs 14 872 byte of flash and 1 976 byte of RAM, which can be used in limited hardware resources.This software framework was used to design smart hotel RCU(room control unit), including the design of voice gateway node based on esp32 (Wi-Fi SOC) and 4-bit key panel node based on cx32l003 (MCU).The RCU designed with this software framework can deploy to different hotels only needed to be designed once, which solves the problem that RCU cannot be used in different hotels and needs to be designed and modified repeatedly, and greatly speeds up the process of smart hotel deployment.At present, the RCU has been deployed and operated stably in Xi'an, Tupai and other express hotels.

The increase in private vehicles number will also increase the number of crimes such as vehicle theft. So the owner must have a garage to increase security. However, generally security systems still use standard security. So, a system was developed to improve security and make it easier to be more effective using the ESP32 microcontroller to process the user's distance and speed values ??to control the rolling door using fuzzy logic, monitor whether or not vehicles are in the garage through a smartphone application, manage the queuing system on the smartphone application and find out the quality of the network used. Data retrieval is done by testing the hardware performance, namely the MG996R Servo Motor, ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04, Magnetic Switch MC-38, Infrared Sensor, Buzzer Module, and 1W HPL LED and the performance of smartphone application software made using Android Studio. From the test results, the speed of the servo motor with forward rotation is obtained from fuzzy logic processing to get the maximum and minimum values. A monitoring system to determine the presence or absence of a car in the garage by utilizing the color change of the view on the smartphone application. In automatic mode the smartphone application uses a queue system, where only one user can use the application, so other users cannot access the smartphone application and receive notifications. Based on the ITU-T standard, network quality testing (QOS) using wireshark software with parameters delay, packet loss and throughput gets a very good category value.

Indonesia merupakan negara yang dikenal dengan budidaya perikanannya. Pemberian pakan yang teratur berperngaruh pada sistem pengelolaan budidaya ikan yang baik agar memperoleh ikan yang berkualitas. Namun pada saat ini sistem pemberian pakan masih berorientasi pada sumber daya manusia yang masih manual sehingga mengakibatkan jadwal dan ukuran pemberian yang tidak menentu menjadikannya perbedaan setiap pemberian pakan. Perencanaan pemberian pakan harus tepat agar pertumbahan ikan cepat. Pada penelitian ini dibuatlah alat pakan ikan otomatis yang dinamakan “smart fish feeder”. Alat ini menggunakan sistem kontrol berbasis mikrokontroler yang terhubung dengan internet dan aplikasi android. Dalam rangkaian sistem kontrol menggunakan Arduino uno yang disambungkan dengan ESP32 sehingga terhubungkan dengan internet, selain itu juga terdapat beberapan komponen aktuator dan sensor. Sistem kontrol tersebut mendapatkan masukan untuk mengatur alat smart fish feeder melalui smartphone yang telah terinstal aplikasi smart fish feeder. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan, untuk sensor ultrasonik didapatkan rata – rata nilai kesalahan sebesar 6, persentase kesalahan sebesar 0.896%, dan keakurasian sebesar 99.104% dengan jarak pengukuran 5 – 25cm dan sensor loadcell didapatkan rata – rata nilai kesalahan sebesar 2.8, persentase kesalahan sebesar 0.067%, dan keakurasian sebesar 99.933%.

With the construction of the national smart grid, there are more and more sensors in substations, and due to the large area of substations, how to unify the management, monitoring, and maintenance of substation devices has become an urgent need. Wireless mesh network has the ability of self-organization of network and self-healing, and can independently control each node to meet the above requirements. In this paper, ESP32 was used as the hardware node module, and its own WIFI module was used to configure and network the Mesh network. The connection and communication between the sensors and ESP32, the data transfer from lower computer, and the data analysis and database saving operations from upper computer were realized. In addition, a complete Mesh network framework was established. The test results show that the system has a simple and clear structure, quick deployment, easy maintenance, which basically meets the implementation of the Internet of things (IoT) in a substation environment.

Internet of Things is a highly applicable technology due to its versatility in areas such as agronomy, health applications, and industry. Besides, portability makes these devices affordable. IoT development boards communicate through Wi-Fi transmitted messages via the Internet, depending on the inner workings of the IoT development board, energy consumption can vary in such transmission. Furthermore, this consumption could change if the board is powered by different power supplies and the quantity of Wi-Fi transmitted messages. This paper provides a methodology to acquire an energy profile when sending data (byte) using Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol on DEVKIT V1 NodeMCU-32 (ESP32) development board. Three different power supplies were used for the board, a 3.7 LiPo Battery, 5v usb Power bank and 9V NiMh rechargeable battery. The higher current consumption obtained was using a 3.7 battery, followed by 5v and the lowest current consumption was when using 9v. However, results demonstrate that when using the 9v power supply the energy consumption is two times higher than using 3.7v. Therefore, the best voltage source for transmission and energy consumption using a NodeMCU-32 development board will be 3.7 volts.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) can provide spatial information about DNA/RNA targets in fixed cells and tissues. However, the workflows of multiplexed FISH-based imaging that use sequential rounds of hybridization quickly become laborious as the number of rounds increases because of liquid handling demands. Here, we present an open-source and low-cost fluidics system that is purpose built for automating the workflows of sequential FISH-based imaging. Our system features a fluidics module with 16 addressable channels in which flow is positive pressure-driven and switched on/off by solenoid valves in order to transfer FISH reagents to the sample. Our system also includes a controller with a main printed circuit board that can control up to 120 solenoid valves and allows users to control the fluidics module via serial communication. We demonstrate the automatic and robust fluid exchange with this system by targeting the alpha satellite repeat in HeLa cell with 14 rounds of sequential hybridization and imaging. We anticipate that this simple and flexible system will be of utility to researchers performing multiplexed in situ assays in a range of experimental systems.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a transformative technology with great potential in various sectors, including home automation, industrial control, environmental monitoring, agriculture, wearables, health monitoring, and others. The growing presence of IoT devices stimulates schools and academic institutions to integrate IoT into the educational process, since IoT skills are in demand in the labor market. This paper presents educational IoT tools and technologies that simplify the design, implementation, and testing of IoT applications. The article presents the introductory IoT course that students perform initially and then presents some of the projects that they develop and implement on their own later in the project.

The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems for electricity generation is constantly growing in Brazil. With the reduction in the price of PV modules and the implementation of the electric power compensation system by the power distributor, the consumer is investing in PV microgeneration to reduce the electricity bill. This article aims to develop an embedded system in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). Having an IoT monitoring system applied to a grid-connected PV system in an educational institution helps teach concepts such as IoT and PV generation. The system is based on the ESP32 development board for acquiring DC voltage and current generated by a 1.35 kWp PV system connected to the grid and installed at the IFCE. This proposal offers a low-cost educational solution using open source and programmable hardware, which sends the data to a database in the cloud, enabling remote access worldwide. Then, using the data analysis methodology, it was possible to validate the values measured with the inverter installed with an error below 1% for the voltage and current acquired during one day. With this result, it is concluded that the designed IoT system can be used for measurement in PV systems.